类石墨烯二硫化钨薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备及其应用

类石墨烯过渡金属硫属化合物如MoS₂、WS₂、MoSe₂、WSe₂等因为具有层数依赖的带隙结构而受到了广泛关注。尤其是本征态的WS₂为双极性半导体,它同时具有n型和p型电输运特性,有望在电子电路、存储器件、光电探测和光伏器件方面得以广泛应用。近年来,化学气相沉积技术已经被广泛用于制备大面积二维硫属化合物(如MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂ 和WSe₂)原子层薄膜。目前关于其他二维材料体系的综述文献介绍较多,但是针对WS₂介绍的综述文献还鲜有报道。因此,本文综述了类石墨烯WS₂薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备和相关器件的国内外研究进展,讨论了WS₂薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备机理及生长因素如硫粉含量、载气的成分、反应温度、基底材料等对薄膜成膜质量的影响,介绍了WS₂薄膜在晶体管、光电器件及与其他二维材料构成的异质结构器件的最新研究成果,并对可能存在的问题进行了分析和述评。     

二硫化钼薄膜的刻蚀方法及其应用

过渡金属硫化物因能带结构与层数具有明显的依赖关系而受到广泛关注,尤其是二维二硫化钼（MoS₂）薄膜因其优良的光电性能而成为研究热点。目前,化学气相沉积法（CVD）和剥离法已成为制备MoS₂薄膜的主要方法,但这两种方法均存在难以精确控制MoS₂层数的问题,研究证实通过刻蚀手段能够对MoS₂薄膜层数进行进一步加工,从而得到单层或特定层数的样品。本文综述了基于不同刻蚀原理的MoS₂薄膜刻蚀技术的国内外研究进展,分析讨论了不同刻蚀技术对刻蚀后MoS₂薄膜质量的影响,介绍了MoS₂刻蚀方法在场效应晶体管（FET）以及其他光电器件领域的实际应用和发展前景,最后对将来研究中需要着力解决的问题进行了展望。     

二硫化钼二维原子晶体化学掺杂研究进展

以二硫化钼（MoS₂）为代表的半导体二维过渡金属硫族化合物（TMDCs）具有优异的光电特性,在新型电子器件领域展示出广阔的应用前景。二维MoS₂的性能调控与功能协同是实现其在电子器件领域实用化的关键。化学掺杂是调控二维MoS₂的性能并丰富其材料特性最为直接而有效的方法之一。本文重点介绍了基于表面电荷转移、面内取代以及层间插层策略的掺杂方法,讨论了各种掺杂方法的基本原理、最新进展以及局限性,最后展望了二维MoS₂掺杂研究面临的挑战与发展方向。     

一维碳纳米管/二维二硫化钼混合维度异质结的原位制备及其电荷转移性能

一维(1D)材料与二维(2D)材料的结合可形成独特的混合维度异质结,其在继承2D/2D范德瓦尔斯异质结的独特物性之外,还具有丰富的堆叠构型,为进一步调控异质结的结构及性能提供了新的可操控自由度。p型1D单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)与n型2D二硫化钼(MoS₂)的结合,为调控异质结的能带结构及器件性能提供了丰富的选择。本文直接在高密度、手性窄分布的SWCNT定向阵列及无序薄膜表面原位生长MoS₂,制备出高质量1D SWCNT/2D MoS₂混合维度异质结。深入分析形核点的表面形貌与结构,提出了“吸附-扩散-吸附”生长机制,用于解释混合维度异质结的生长。利用拉曼光谱分析,证实SWCNT与MoS₂间存在显著的电荷转移作用,载流子可在界面处快速传输,为后续基于此类1D/2D异质结的新型电子及光电器件的设计与制备提供了新思路。     

化学气相沉积法合成二维过渡金属硫族化合物研究进展

二维晶体材料所独有的二维平面结构赋予了这类材料诸多独特的性质. 近年来围绕二维过渡金属硫族化合物的相关研究发展迅速. 本文以二维MoS₂、WS₂为代表概述了利用化学气相沉积法合成过渡金属硫族化合物二维晶体的研究进展, 阐述了基本合成策略, 讨论了主要影响因素, 归纳了以MoS₂、WS₂为结构基元的二维合金及异质结构的合成方法, 最后阐明了利用化学气相沉积法合成二维晶体存在的主要问题并展望了这一领域的发展前景.     

石墨烯/MoS2异质结的界面相互作用及其肖特基调控的理论研究

本文基于第一性原理方法,系统研究了外电场对石墨烯/MoS₂范德瓦耳斯异质结界面相互作用及其电子性质的影响.计算结果表明石墨烯和MoS₂之间通过微弱的范德瓦耳斯力结合形成异质结,石墨烯/MoS₂异质结的能带基本上是单层石墨烯和单层MoS₂能带结构的简单叠加并形成了N型肖特基势垒;由于异质结的石墨烯层的电子向MoS₂层转移,导致石墨烯表面带正电,MoS₂表面带负电,在异质结内部形成了方向由石墨烯指向MoS₂的内建电场.此外,对异质结施加不同强度的负电场时,体系的接触类型逐渐由N型肖特基接触类型转变为欧姆接触;对异质结施加不同强度的正电场时,体系的P型肖特基势垒呈降低趋势,体系的N型肖特基势垒呈现先缓慢升高再急剧下降的特点,在电场强度提高至5.0 V·nm^-1附近时,接触类型由N型肖特基接触转变为P型肖特基接触.此项工作将对相关二维场效应晶体管的设计提供参考.     

二维硫化钼的溶液法制备及其复合材料在光、电催化领域的应用

作为二维（2D）过渡金属硫族化合物（TMDs）的成员之一,MoS₂因其独特的物理化学性质及在自然界中丰富的含量成为目前研究最广泛的一种半导体。凭借超薄的层状结构和可调控的禁带宽度,单层和多层的二维MoS₂纳米材料在众多研究领域都备受关注。基于溶液法的合成工艺（如超声辅助液相剥离和湿化学合成法）有望实现大规模、高产量地制备二维MoS₂纳米材料,更重要的是,基于溶液法合成的二维MoS₂纳米材料便于作为模板或者载体来制备功能性复合纳米材料,有利于进一步提升其在相关应用中的性能。本文重点介绍了基于溶液制备二维MoS₂纳米材料的各种合成方法,同时特别关注了溶液法制备的二维MoS₂复合纳米材料及其在光、电催化方面的应用,并展望了溶液法合成二维MoS₂及其复合材料的应用前景和挑战。     

紫外臭氧处理增强溶液法MoO3薄膜的空穴注入能力

空穴注入层对有机发光二极管的性能有重要的影响,尤其是当器件中的空穴传输材料的最高占据分子轨道能级较深的时候。近年来有许多关于新型的溶液法空穴注入材料的研究。在本文中,我们对溶液法MoO₃薄膜使用了三种不同的处理方法来研究其对空穴注入性能的影响,即：在空气中150 ℃退火;在空气中150 ℃退火再紫外臭氧处理(UVO) 15 min;只进行UVO处理15 min。结果发现当MoO₃薄膜在空气中150 ℃退火后,器件的电流最小,空穴注入能力最差。而当MoO₃薄膜经过UVO处理后,器件的电流显著增大,工作电压大幅下降,器件性能接近于蒸镀的MoO₃薄膜的器件。更惊喜的是,这种改善在MoO₃薄膜仅作UVO处理后也可获得。经定量计算发现MoO₃薄膜经过UVO处理后的空穴注入效率能提高到约0.1。XPS分析表明通过UVO处理后,MoO₃薄膜中Mo⁵⁺成分减少并且薄膜表面的富氧吸附物被有效地消除,使得其化学计量基本与蒸镀的MoO₃薄膜相同。基于这种经UVO处理的溶液法MoO₃作为空穴注入层,器件的最大电流效率可达到48.3 cd∙A⁻¹。     

ZrO2和Al2O3载体对Mo基催化剂上甲烷化反应性能的影响

通过共沉淀法制备了ZrO₂和Al₂O₃载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO₃质量分数为5%的Mo/ZrO₂和Mo/Al₂O₃催化剂,并用于甲烷化反应。在三种反应气氛下对两种预硫化的Mo基催化剂进行评价,发现ZrO₂载体均可显著促进甲烷化反应,同时能够促进水汽变换（WGS）反应。通过XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS和TEM等表征发现,两种载体上Mo物种的硫化程度以及暴露的活性位数量不同,从而导致两种催化剂上催化性能差异显著。与Mo/Al₂O₃相比,Mo/ZrO₂催化剂上的MoO₃更易被还原,硫化程度也更高,并且Mo⁴⁺的含量更高,Mo⁶⁺的含量更低。虽然ZrO₂载体上MoS₂尺寸较大,边位置的Mo比例有所降低,但是由于MoS₂沿ZrO₂颗粒表面弯曲生长,使得MoS₂基面成为反应的活性位;因此,Mo/ZrO₂催化剂在甲烷化与WGS反应中表现出更优异的催化性能。     

纳米尺寸二硫化钼的制备与应用研究进展

二硫化钼(MoS₂)作为一种与石墨烯具有类似结构的材料, 近些年来受到了科学家们的越来越多的关注. 它凭借自身的层状结构, 独特的电子学、电化学性质, 大的比表面积以及表面改性的潜能, 在许多领域都有着广泛的应用. 本文简单论述了目前纳米尺寸MoS₂的制备方法, 包括微机械剥离、液相剥离、嵌锂法、水热反应、气相沉积以及热分解法等, 并对这些方法在制备纳米MoS₂中具备的优点和存在的不足作了简单点评. 另外, 介绍了纳米MoS₂在光电子器件、催化、传感、能量存储与转化等领域的应用研究进展, 并着重介绍了其在电化学和生物传感分析方面的应用研究现状, 并对未来纳米MoS₂的重点研究方向作出了展望. 从目前的研究来看, 纳米MoS₂在器件、能量存储和传感分析等应用方面存在着巨大的潜质, 有望成为一种继石墨烯之后性能十分优良的多功能材料.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.