AgNPs-AC复合纤维的制备及其吸附与抗菌性能

制备具有较好吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料是过滤领域的一个关键问题。在多种纤维与薄膜材料的制备方法中,静电纺丝法具有比表面积大、孔隙率高的特点,为制备具有吸附抗菌性能的纳米过滤材料提供了一种有效思路。本文通过静电纺丝法制备了纳米银颗粒-活性炭(AgNPs-AC)复合纳米纤维膜,将纳米银颗粒沉积在活性炭载体上,目的是制备一种具有良好吸附抗菌功能的高性能过滤电纺复合纤维膜。通过SEM、XRD等设备对复合纳米纤维的形貌与结构进行表征,并考察该复合纤维膜的吸附性能和抗菌性能。结果表明,所制备的AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜随活性炭、银浓度的增大,纤维直径分布逐步趋于均匀。并且在EVOH质量分数为10%,硝酸银/活性炭浓度比为0.05/0.085时,该复合纤维膜的吸附性能最好。此外,AgNPs-AC复合纳米纤维膜对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能。     

静电纺纳米复合纤维柔性表面增强拉曼散射传感基底的研究进展

表面增强拉曼散射(Surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)是一种分子检测光谱技术,借助SERS基底,可对生物、化学等复杂体系中的痕量分子进行分析。 其中静电纺纳米纤维SERS基底由于具有高比表面积、可透气透水、柔韧可折叠弯曲等特点,在复杂体系中提取、过滤、浓缩痕量分子等应用场景中,其表面结构具有其他刚性SERS基底不可比拟的优势。然而,静电纺纳米纤维SERS基底的发展却受到制备方法的限制,存在检测灵敏度较低、制备过程复杂等问题。 因此,目前的研究工作主要集中在新型制备方法及工艺的开发。 本文综述了静电纺纳米金银复合纤维SERS基底的几种常用制备方法,包括直接混合纺丝法、化学吸附法、静电吸附法、物理沉积法和原位化学还原法,并总结了静电纺纳米纤维SERS基底在复杂体系中提取、过滤、浓缩待测分子的应用,最后对静电纺纳米复合纤维SERS基底的发展进行了展望。     

刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝法制备的、平均直径通常小于1000 nm的刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维是一种可响应外界刺激而发生物理化学性能改变的智能聚合物纤维,由它形成的纤维膜具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、对外界刺激产生响应速度快等优点,因此在诸多领域显示出诱人的应用前景,是近年来受到国内外高度关注的一种智能纳米材料。本文首先归纳了制备刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维的三种方法。然后从成纤聚合物的合成或选用、纺丝液配制、静电纺丝和后处理4个方面讨论了制备过程中影响纳米纤维尺寸、结构和刺激响应性等性能的主要因素。接下来重点述评了除电场外的其他各种刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维的设计及其构建研究进展,另外介绍了这些刺激响应性电纺纳米纤维膜在分离与纯化、药物控制释放、伤口敷料、细胞培养、传感器与检测等方面的应用研究情况。最后,就它们的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

定形相变复合材料的研究进展——静电纺丝法

静电纺丝是制备定形相变复合材料的重要方法之一,本文综述了静电纺丝法制备定形相变复合材料的研究进展,主要包括溶液静电纺丝、溶液-溶液同轴静电纺丝、熔融-溶液同轴静电纺丝和静电纺纳米纤维膜物理吸附等,总结了静电纺丝常用的固-液相变材料(如脂肪族长链烷烃、大豆蜡、脂肪酸及其二元低共熔物、脂肪酸酯和聚乙二醇等)和支撑材料(如醋酸纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚偏氟乙烯、聚乳酸、聚氨酯、聚酰胺6、聚丙烯腈及其碳纳米纤维等)。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶及其应用*

静电纺丝是一种简单有效的制备聚合物纳米纤维的技术,在组织工程、药物控释和传感器等方面具有广泛的应用。采用静电纺丝技术制备得到的纳米纤维膜具有比表面积大、孔隙率高和易于分离回收等优点,可以作为一种优良的酶固定化载体,目前在酶固定化领域受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了近年来静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶的研究进展,在阐述静电纺丝纳米纤维膜制备技术的基础上,详细介绍了纳米纤维膜表面担载法和包埋法固定化酶的原理和方法,分析了不同固定化方法的优缺点,并讨论了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶的应用前景,对静电纺丝纳米纤维膜固定化酶的发展方向进行了展望。     

静电纺丝制备图案化无机纳米纤维

静电纺丝技术近几年在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是批量制备纳米纤维材料最简单有效的方法。本文综述了近几年高压静电纺丝技术制备图案化无机物纳米纤维的纺丝装置和过程,特别详细综述了纺丝过程中纤维直径的变化,利用带电流体动力学(EHD)理论推导出纤维直径变化的运动方程,并对方程进行一定程度的修订,以符合电纺无机物纳米纤维直径的变化;并综述了取向纳米纤维、中空纳米纤维、壳-核结构纳米纤维、纳米线、纳米带、纳米管及多层次结构纳米纤维的构建及其基本性能。最后对电纺制备图案化无机纳米纤维未来发展方向,特别是功能化多层次结构电纺无机纳米纤维制备进行了展望。     

静电纺丝法制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的综合实验设计

设计了静电纺丝法制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合纤维综合实验。该实验对纺丝浓度、纺丝电压、接收距离、接收面积、多壁碳纳米管的改性及其添加量对复合纤维形貌的影响进行研究,对纤维进行了红外光谱、扫描电镜测试分析,得到优化的静电纺丝制备多壁碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的电纺工艺。该实验易于分组操作,涉及高分子材料的改性、制备、形貌表征和结果分析等多方面内容,有利于学生巩固理论知识,提高实践能力和综合应用能力。     

聚乙烯醇明胶混合水溶液的静电纺丝

将聚乙烯醇与明胶混合水溶液进行静电纺丝,制备了聚乙烯醇与明胶混合超细纤维及其电纺膜,研究了混合纺丝液的组成对纺丝液的粘度、表面张力和电导率的影响,观察了纤维的微观形貌,并对电纺膜进行了差示扫描量热测定.结果表明:当混合液中明胶含量小于20 9/6时,静电纺丝可以稳定进行.随着明胶含量由5%逐渐增加至25%,混合超细纤维的平均直径先是由260nm逐渐下降至207 nm而后又逐渐增加至320 nm.明胶的含量低于15%时,不影响其混合电纺膜中PVA的结晶.     

熔体静电纺丝研究进展

静电纺丝法是制备超细/纳米纤维的一种有效方法。相对于研究已经较为深入广泛的溶液电纺,熔体电纺还处于研究的初级阶段。但其原料适用性广、无毒无污染及产品转化率高等特点,使其在过滤、生物医药等领域有着广阔的应用前景。同时,熔体电纺也存在装置较复杂、纤维直径较粗等缺陷。本文介绍了目前熔体电纺的各典型装置,总结了用于熔体电纺的聚合物种类、实验工艺,比较了各种聚合物纺丝过程中的参数对纤维物化性质的影响,探讨了熔体电纺纤维的应用,并对其发展方向进行了预测和展望。     

抗菌聚合物纳米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝技术是制备功能聚合物纳米纤维的一种简单而有效的方法。由电纺纳米纤维堆砌而成的无纺织物具有巨大的比表面积,赋予其广泛的应用前景。通过在电纺聚合物纳米纤维中添加各类抗菌剂或对其表面进行化学改性,制备具有优异抗菌性能的新型功能聚合物纳米材料,将进一步拓展电纺纳米纤维在生物医学、过滤、精密制造等领域的应用。本文基于抗菌纳米纤维的分类进行总结,介绍国内外抗菌聚合物纳米纤维的研究现状,并对抗菌纳米纤维的未来发展进行了探讨。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.