Analysis of Affinity Energy Between Biphenyl Dioxygenase and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using Molecular Docking

Molecular docking was used to calculate the affinity energy between biphenyl dioxygenases(BphA),including 1ULJ,1WQL,2YFJ,2YFL,2GBX,2XSH,2B4P,3GZX,and 3GZY(selected from the Protein Data Bank)and 209 polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)congeners.The relationships between the calculated affinity energy and the persistent organic pollutant characteristics(migration,octanol-air partition coefficients,lgKOA;persistence,half-life,lgt1/2;toxicity,half-maximal inhibitory concentration,IgIC50;bioaccumulation,bioconcentration factor,lgBCF)of the PCBs were studied to mderstand the BphA mediated degradation of PCBs.The effect of substituent characteristics on the affinity energy was explored through full factorial experimental design.The affinities of nine kinds of BphA proteins on PCBs ranked as follows:2GBX>2YFJ>2YFL>3GZX>2XSH>3GZY>2E4P>1 WQL>1ULJ.The relationships between the calculated affinity energy and the molecular weight,lgKOA,lgBCF,and lgt1/2 of the PCBs were statistically signiflcant(p<0.01),whereas the relationship with the lgIC50 of PCBs was not statistically significant(p>0.05).PCBs were more difficult to degrade following an increase in the free energy of binding.Correlation analysis showed that the average affinity energy values of PCBs gradually increased as the number of chlorine atoms increased,regardless of the substituent position.The substituents at the ortho-positions interacted mainly through a second-order interaction,whereas those at the para-positions did not participate via a second-order interaction.     

Solid Surface Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Enhanced by a Surface Active Agent

Abstract

Room temperature phosphorescence characteristics on filter paper of dibenzofuran (DF) and several polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the presence of different heavy atoms in conjunction with a surface active agent, sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS), have been studied. The use of this surfactant produces an enhancement of the phosphorescence intensity in all the cases studied, which improve the sensitivity in the determination of DF and PCDFs. The optimization of experimental conditions like type of filter paper, drying and cooling times of the filter paper after spotting the sample, irradiation time, concentration of heavy atom and concentration of surfactant has been carried out. Phosphorescence lifetimes, linear dynamic range, relative standard deviation and limit of detection of the different compounds were also determined.     

加速溶剂萃取-在线净化-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中多氯烃类化合物

以土壤中六氯环戊二烯、六氯丁二烯、六氯乙烷为研究对象,采用加速溶剂萃取法进行在线净化和萃取,用气相色谱-质谱法测定。将土壤样品10g与石英砂20g混合均匀后,加入到装有氟罗里硅土粉1g和石墨炭黑粉0.2g的萃取池中,以二氯甲烷-丙酮(4+1)混合液为萃取剂进行萃取。考察了萃取温度、萃取剂、分散剂和土壤pH、TOC等因素的影响,分析了在线净化和离线净化的差异以及复合净化的优势。应用该方法对3个不同土壤样品进行测定,回收率在72.3%~89.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)为7.4%~13%。     

5种多糖类手性柱分离19种手性多氯联苯的对比研究

采用高效液相色谱在正相条件下对常温稳定存在的19种手性多氯联苯(Polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)进行了拆分,对比了5种不同多糖类手性色谱柱的拆分效果.其中Lux Cellulose-1,Cellulose-3和Cellulose-4分离效果较好,在Cellulose-1上PCBs91,136,139,149和171可基线分离,在Cellulose-3上PCBs45,84,88,95,131,135,144和149能够完全分离,在Cellulose-4上PCBs88,131,139,171和174能够完全分离,在以上3种色谱柱上PCBs132,175,176,183,196和197可部分分离,但Cellulose-2和Amylose-2对这19种手性PCBs分离效果很差.考察了温度对拆分的影响,结果在5℃～30℃C之间,PCBs对映体在Cellulose-1和Cellulose-3上对应的范特霍夫方程线性关系较好,而Cellulose-4受柱温影响不稳定.手性PCBs拆分过程整体受焓驱动,温度降低有利于对映体分离.利用在线旋光确定了各PCBs的对映体洗脱顺序,结果表明PCBs对映体的拆分程度和旋光洗脱顺序受苯环上氯原子取代数目和取代位置的影响.     

气相色谱质谱法分析土壤中多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚类化合物

建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析土壤中的18种多溴联苯(PBBs)和多溴联苯醚类(PBDEs)化合物的方法.利用快速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术和凝胶净化系统(GPC)进行土壤样品的前处理,(13)C标记物作为进样内标和替代标,采用电子轰击源气相色谱质谱法(GC-EI/MS )分析-溴至七溴代PBBs和PBDEs,负...     

Simultaneous determination of total polychlorinated biphenyl and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by dechlorination with Fe/Pd and Mg/Pd bimetallic particles and flame ionization detection gas chromatography

Simultaneous measurement of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT, technical mixture) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB-Aroclors 1248 and 1260) is facilitated by quantitative dechlorination to diphenylethane and biphenyl. The two-stage dechlorination reaction utilizes a palladium catalyst deposited onto iron and magnesium particles. The treatment has the advantage of converting the complex chromatographic pattern that arises from the multiple congeners and degradation products of PCB and DDT into peaks corresponding to their representative hydrocarbon skeletons. The limit for quantitative measurement (LOQ) using this treatment and GC-FID analysis is 40 parts-per-billion (ppb, μg/l) for Aroclor 1260 and 100 ppb for DDT with a linear response extending to 100 times the LOQ. The calibration was successfully tested with triplicate water samples fortified at 15 (DDT) and 10 (Aroclor 1260) times the LOQ. Accuracy (mean percent) and precision (percent relative standard deviation) were 92% and 6.2% for DDT and 96% and 5.2% for Aroclor 1260. Accuracy and RSD for 35 ppm triplicate spiked soil samples were 76% and 18% for Aroclor 1260 and 68% and 26% for DDT. These results are comparable to the published single laboratory results for EPA method 8082 ‘Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Gas Chromatography’. However, the single laboratory results for EPA method 8081A ‘Organohalide Pesticides by Gas Chromatography,’ failed to resolve DDT and therefore could not be compared with this method.     

Separation of Biphenyl Nitrile Compounds by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography with Mixed Surfactants

A mixture of nine biphenyl nitrile compounds with high hydrophobicity and similar structures was successfully separated by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) within 30 rain. The buffer system contained 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 80 mlnol/L sodium cholate (SC), 0.81% heptane, 7.5% n-butanol, 10% acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L borate. The addition of SC, organic modifiers, sample preparation and temperature all showedremarkable effect on the separation. Meanwhile, the MEEKC method was briefly compared with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method.     

雨水和表面活性剂的淋溶对河道底泥中多氯联苯迁移的影响

利用雨水和表面活性剂(LAS、AE9和NPE10)淋溶多氯联苯(PCBs)污染的河道底泥柱,初步探讨了它们对表层底泥中PCBs洗脱量的影响,同时也研究了从表层洗脱出的PCBs随着淋洗液在下层底泥中的纵向迁移。淋洗液包括雨水和浓度均为1500mg.L-1的LAS、AE9、NPE10溶液以及浓度都是1500mg.L-1的AE9+NPE10和LAS+NPE10混和溶液。实验发现:雨水和同浓度的表面活性剂溶液对表层底泥中PCBs洗脱量大小依次为:雨水相似文献   

超声波萃取-分散固相萃取净化-气相色谱电子捕获法测定土壤或底泥中的多氯联苯

采用超声波萃取、分散固相萃取净化结合气相色谱电子捕获检测法,建立了快速测定环境土壤或底泥中7种指示性多氯联苯(Polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)的方法.根据提取液的颜色,灵活选择是否增加浓H2SO4净化步骤,并对分散固相萃取净化过程中吸附剂的种类和用量进行了优化.当提取液颜色基本无色透明时,仅选用150 mgⅣ-丙基乙二胺(Primary secondary amire,PSA)吸附剂进行分散固相萃取净化(即一步净化),否则提取液先经过浓H2SO4净化,再采用100 mg PSA吸附剂进行分散固相萃取净化(即两步净化).整个分散固相萃取净化过程不超过5min,前处理时间显著缩短.结果表明,在1.25 ～ 100 μg/L浓度范围内,7种PCBs峰面积与浓度呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9990 ～0.9999,检出限为0.02 ～0.03 μg/kg,样品经两步净化和一步净化时,7种PCBs不同浓度加标水平回收率分别为72％ ～ 107％和88％ ～ 115％,相对标准偏差分别为3.5％ ～5.8％和3.7％～6.9％(n=5),已成功应用于舟山朱家尖某菜地土壤样品和岱衢洋海域底泥样品检测,且检测结果与国家标准方法保持一致.本方法简单快速,高效,基体干扰小,灵敏度、准确度、精密度均满足土壤或底泥中PCBs的定量分析要求.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃和多氯联苯

研究土壤中持久性有机污染物的含量可以为区域环境治理和来源解析提供基础数据。本文通过固相萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱法建立了16种多环芳烃和15种多氯联苯的检测方法,并优化了固相萃取净化方法、色谱条件以及质谱碰撞能量。结果表明16种多环芳烃和15种多氯联苯的标准曲线线性关系良好,方法线性相关系数r~20.999,方法的检出限为0.1~2.5μg·kg~(-1),16种多环芳烃的平均加标回收率范围为62.5%~113.5%,相对标准偏差在2.3%~8.2%之间,15种多氯联苯的平均加标回收率范围为62.6%~91.4%,相对标准偏差在5.2%~7.8%之间。方法的准确度和精密度较高,通过对实际样品的测定,说明该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能满足土壤中多环芳烃和多氯联苯的检测要求。     

鱼肉样品中的手性多氯联苯对映体的分离测定研究

该文建立了鱼肉样品中7种手性多氯联苯(PCB 45,PCB 91,PCB 95,PCB132,PCB 136,PCB 149和PCB 174)对映体的分离测定方法。样品经快速溶剂萃取技术萃取后,浓缩液经过凝胶渗透色谱除脂及大分子物质后再依次通过酸性硅胶柱、复合硅胶柱净化和碱性氧化铝柱分离得到PCBs组分。在气相色谱-质谱(GC-EI/MS)上对比研究了Bate Dex-325,CP-Chirasil,BGB-172SE,Chirasil-Dex和Cyclosil-B手性色谱柱的拆分效果,发现7种手性PCBs在Cyclosil-B毛细管柱上的分离效果最好,其分离度为0.8~2.3,可以实现基线分离。在优化色谱条件下,7种手性PCBs在10~200μg·L-1浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.998~1.000,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.4~5.0 ng·g-1。在高、低2个加标水平下,7种手性PCBs的回收率为89.2%~114%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~2.1%,表明方法灵敏度高、回收率好、准确度高。采集广东电子垃圾拆解污染区鱼类样品验证方法的适用性,结果显示鱼肉样品中均检出7种手性PCBs,3种鱼肉样品中7种手性PCBs的总浓度为386.7~602.8 ng·g-1。对3种鱼肉组织中7种手性PCBs的EF值进行测定,发现PCB 45,PCB 91,PCB 95,PCB 132,PCB 136和PCB 174的EF值与标准品具有显著差异,表明这些手性PCBs在鱼类体内可能具有对映体选择性富集和代谢作用,此外PCB 45,PCB 91,PCB 95,PCB 132和PCB136在3种鱼肉组织中的分布特征相似,而PCB174的EF值在乌鳢体内大于标准品,而在鲮鱼、鲫鱼体内却小于标准品,表明PCB174在乌鳢和鲮鱼、鲫鱼体内的选择性代谢过程可能相反。     

聚丙烯酰胺与混合表面活性剂的相互作用

通过粘度和紫外吸收光谱的测定，研究了ＰＡＭ与Ｒ１２ＳＯ３Ｎａ－Ｒ１１ＣＯＯＮａ混合表面活性剂之间的相互作用，结果表明，ＰＡＭ可与混合表面活性剂形成复合物，从而使体系表现出典型聚电解质的粘度行为。可能的机理是，以疏水力形成的Ｒ１２ＳＯ３＾－—Ｒ１１ＣＯＯＨ（Ｎａ）预胶束或二聚体通过ＰＡＭ－Ｒ１１ＣＯＯＨ间的氢键力相结合。进而使大分子链上带有大量负电荷，静电斥力引起大分子链伸展，因而产生电粘效应。     

New Cleanup Procedure for Determining Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Lipophilic Matrices

Abstract

A new cleanup procedure for determining polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in naturally occurring adipose matrices is suggested. The procedure can be used for analyzing butter, human and cow's milk, eggs, and meat. Quality of sample purification is better than that in the standard procedure, and the recovery of PCDD and PCDF internal standards is within the range 50–80%. The time it takes for sample preparation is shortened, and the consumption of solvents and sorbents is decreased. The FAS-MD activated carbon, which was especially prepared for the extraction of dioxins and related compounds, was used in this work.     

土壤与沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的气相色谱-质谱法快速分析

建立了土壤和沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的快速分析方法.样品经加速溶剂萃取,Bond ElutPCB SPE小柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱测定多氯联苯的总量,方法的平均回收率为84% ～106%,相对标准偏差为4.2% ～8.4%,多氯联苯总量的方法检出限为2.25 ng/g.该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于大部分土壤及沉积物样品中多氯联苯总量的快速筛查分析.     

Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Uranium Traces in Sea Water Samples: Effect of Surfactants on the Measurements

The variables affecting determination of ultra trace levels of uranium (VI) in aqueous samples by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry using chloranilic acid as the complexing agent have been examined in detail. Effect of organic surfactants on the voltammetric behavior has been studied. Electrochemical impedance measurements reveal the effect of adsorption of different surfactants on the adsorption pre-concentration step of uranium-chloranilic acid complex. Additionally, to better understand the analytical feature of the method, physicochemical aspects of the preconcentration process has been studied. Adsorption of uranium-chloranilic acid complex follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Analysis results on sea water samples from India are reported.     

Phenanthrene removal in unsaturated soils treated by electrokinetics with different surfactants—Triton X-100 and rhamnolipid

In this study, the remediation performance of electrokinetic (EK) technology integrated with different surfactants for removing phenanthrene from unsaturated soils was investigated. A synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100) and a biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) were used to enhance phenanthrene solubility and removal efficiency during EK process. Results indicate that the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) rate in the rhamnolipid system is higher than that in Triton X-100. Using the EK technology for the removal of phenanthrene in the presence of rhamnolipid was more efficient than in the presence of Triton X-100. In addition to the transport mechanism of phenanthrene in EK system, the presence of rhamnolipid may promote microbial growth in the soil–water system and bring about biodegradation of phenanthrene. A diffusion–advection–sorption (DAS) model was solved by MATLAB, based on the linear sorption isotherm at the non-equilibrium condition, which is feasible to simulate the movement of phenanthrene during the EK + Triton X-100 treatment.     

光谱与停流荧光法研究肌红蛋白及其突变体D60K与表面活性剂的相互作用

用停流荧光法、紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法和圆二色(CD)光谱法研究了肌红蛋白(Mb)及其突变体Mb(D60K)分别与两种表面活性剂的相互作用.停流荧光数据表明不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与Mb及Mb(D60K)相互作用均为(准)一级反应,虽然Mb(D60K)只是将肌红蛋白表面的60位天冬氨酸突变为赖氨酸,但二者性质差异显著,说明60位氨基酸对蛋白质性质影响较大.紫外、荧光与圆二色谱的结果也表明在上述表面活性剂作用下肌红蛋白及其突变体结构与功能均发生变化,其适应性和稳定性有一定差异.综合数据分析得知,肌红蛋白突变体D60K在表面活性剂溶液中性质更加稳定.     

用新定义的结构信息指数mH预测氯代苯类化合物的正辛醇/水分配系数

在分子拓扑理论的基础上,根据分子中原子的结构特征和键的连接性,提出了一个新的结构信息连接性指数^mH,并用^mH研究了多氯联苯、氯代羟基苯甲醛的正辛醇／水分配系数Kow。^mH不仅对这些化合物具有良好的结构选择性,而且与正辛醇／水分配系数的logKow值有优秀的相关性。新指数物理意义明确,计算简单,由方程得出的预测值与实验值之间能很好地吻合。     

无机盐强化烷基多苷清洗石油污染土壤的机理

研究了无机盐对一种烷基多苷(APG)产品APG1214物理化学性质的影响, 以期解释无机助剂对APG1214清洗老化石油污染土壤的强化作用. 实验发现无机助剂能够显著降低APG1214的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和浊点, 提高其表面活性, 对除油过程有促进作用. 利用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了无机助剂对APG1214聚集体流体力学半径(Rh)和形态的影响, 发现低浓度无机助剂可减小APG1214聚集体尺寸, 而高浓度助剂则增加聚集体尺寸. 研究结果显示出APG1214与常见非离子表面活性剂不同的特性. 洗油后溶液中表面活性剂聚集体的Rh分布明显变窄, 但平均半径有所增加; TEM观察显示, 洗油后溶液中囊泡壁明显变厚, 证明增溶是APG1214去除石油污染物的一条途径. 本实验得到的结论为APG1214在石油污染土壤修复方面的应用提供了依据, 并为在其他领域更好地利用这类绿色表面活性剂提供了参考.     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定食品纸包装材料中的多氯联苯

建立利用加速溶剂萃取仪前处理来测定食品纸包装材料中的多氯联苯含量的气相色谱法。针对纸包装材料的特点优化加速溶剂萃取仪的萃取溶剂、萃取时间和萃取温度,达成避免乙腈的使用、提升实验效率、节约实验成本的目标。使用GC-ECD对浓缩后的萃取液进行检测,内标法定量。该方法检出限为0.002mg/kg,定量限为0.007mg/kg。在待测食品纸包装材料中加标0.020mg/L后进行6次平行实验,得到的方法加标回收率为97.2%~99.4%、加标样品精密度RSD为0.38%~1.36%。方法简便实用,灵敏度和重现性好,能够满足食品纸包装材料中多氯联苯含量的检测需求。