Influence of Water Vapor on Silica Membrane: Adsorption Properties and Percolation Effect

The influence of water vapor on silica membrane with pore size of 4 ? has been investigated in terms of adsorption properties and percolation effect at 50 and 90 oC. Two methods are employed: spectroscopic ellipsometry for water vapor adsorption and gas permeation of binary mixture of helium and H₂O. The adsorption behaviors on the silica membrane comply with the first-order Langmuir isotherm. The investigation demonstrates that helium flux through the silica membrane decreases dramatically in presence of H₂O molecules. The transport of gas molecules through such small pores is believed not to be continuous any more, whereas it is reasonably assumed that the gas molecules hop from one occupied site to another unoccupied one under the potential gradient. When the coverage of H₂O molecules on the silica surface increases, the dramatic decrease of helium flux could be related to percolation effect, where the adsorbed H₂O molecules on the silica surface block the hopping of helium molecules.     

Au@SiO_2中空微球的制备及催化性能

以天然高分子阿拉伯树胶(AG)为还原剂和稳定剂制备了金纳米粒子;将含有金纳米粒子(Au NPs)、阿拉伯树胶和氨水的溶液滴加到乙醇中形成AG-Au NPs复合胶团;利用正硅酸乙酯水解,在AG-Au NPs表面包覆二氧化硅壳层;通过简单水洗的方法得到了金纳米粒子@二氧化硅(Au@SiO_2)中空微球.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和氮气吸附实验等对Au@SiO_2中空微球进行表征.通过设计对比实验,证实阿拉伯树胶在中空结构形成过程中起到模板剂的作用.催化性能测试结果表明,所制备的Au@SiO_2中空微球在硼氢化钠还原亚甲基蓝的反应中表现出良好的催化活性和重复使用性.     

聚丙烯酰胺在硅胶表面上的吸附及其抑制的研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)具有强极性,对硅胶等极性固体表面具有强烈的吸附作用,陈九顺等用4％的NaCl水溶液为淋洗液和Adamson用0.1mol/L的吗啡啉水溶液为淋洗液虽能部分解决硅胶担体对PAM样品的吸附,但他们对吸附的实质问题未进行研究,PAM等高分子化合物在固体表面上的吸附问题的研究尚处于初级阶段。     

乳液聚合法制备红霉素分子印迹聚合物微球及其吸附性能

以大环内酯类抗生素红霉素(EM)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SBS)为乳化剂,采用乳液聚合法制备了粒径均匀的分子印迹聚合物微球(EM-MIPMs). 通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、紫外光谱和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对模板分子和功能单体形成的复合物进行了研究,结果表明EM与MAA之间的相互作用力为氢键作用. 利用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)仪对EM-MIPMs 的形貌和热稳定性进行表征,结果显示EM-MIPMs 为均匀规整的球型,平均粒径为4.24 μm,且有良好的热稳定性. 同时采用动力学,平衡吸附和选择性吸附实验对其吸附性能进行研究. 动力学研究结果表明,EM-MIPMs的吸附速率符合准二级动力学方程. 利用Langmuir 和Freundlich 吸附等温方程分别分析了EM-MIPMs 的平衡吸附数据,结果表明,EM-MIPMs 对红霉素有良好的结合性能,其吸附过程符合Langmuir 吸附模型,饱和吸附量为0.242 mmol·g^-1. EM-MIPMs的选择识别性能利用固相萃取法来考察,研究表明EM-MIPMs有着良好的特异识别选择性.     

用吸附数据对硅胶表面的分形分析

根据一种中孔硅胶对甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和四氯化碳蒸气吸附等温线的单层区域和毛细凝结区域的数据以及自四氯化碳稀溶液中吸附系列脂肪醇的结果计算了该硅胶表面分形维数D.除了由吸附四氯化碳等温线毛细凝结区域所得D值低于2外,由其它吸附数据得出的该硅胶的分维D近似相等(D=2.06±0.05).中孔硅胶低D值可用其孔结构特性解释.     

核酸检测的校正在二氧化硅吸附等温线中的应用

利用在高盐环境下氧化硅微球表面对核酸的选择性吸附分离纯化核酸已成为一种较为普遍的核酸固相提取方法,简单准确地测量高盐溶液中的核酸浓度,是研究DNA吸附性能的关键.通过制作标准曲线的方法, 校正含高浓度盐溶液中的DNA浓度,计算得到校正系数k,提出了一种检测SiO2对DNA单位吸附量的简便方法--参比法.与传统方法相比,此方法不须脱盐纯化即可方便地绘制出了SiO2微球对鲑鱼精DNA的吸附等温线,为DNA吸附载体的研究奠定了方法学基础.     

磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球的制备及其吸附Cu~(2+)的性能研究

以壳聚糖与正硅酸四乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,用戊二醛辅助交联合成了磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等方法对磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球的形态和组成特性进行分析,制备的磁性复合微球中壳聚糖与硅胶材料复合均匀,材料粒径均一,机械强度较高。考察了制备的磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能,结果表明微球对Cu~(2+)具有较好的吸附性能,吸附容量达到98.7mg/g。     

SiO2含量对钛/硅复合氧化物聚酯催化剂性能的影响

研究了钛/硅复合氧化物聚酯催化剂中,二氧化硅含量对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯缩聚反应的影响.催化剂XRD谱图表示,增加二氧化硅含量会抑制二氧化钛的结晶.随着二氧化硅含量的增加,钛/硅催化剂表面Lewis酸的数目和强度都减小.比表面积和Lewis表面酸性都会影响钛/硅催化剂的活性.     

硅胶负载聚乙烯基吡啶—钯催化剂的制备及其催化加氢性能的研究

利用硅胶表面的弱酸性和吸附性能,将某些碱性聚合物吸附在硅胶表面上,然后与PdCl_2络合,经还原,合成了硅胶负载的聚乙烯基吡啶-钯催化剂。用XPS、UV-Vis、电子显微镜等手段研究了催化剂的结构,观察了制备条件、组成等因素对其性能的影响。研究了各种反应条件与催化剂活性的关系及催化剂的稳定性和使用寿命。合成的催化剂对丙烯酸甲酯等底物具有很高的催化加氢活性。     

Preparation and Properties of Imidazole-containing Polyimide/Silica Hybrid Films

Imidazole-containing polyimide/silica（PI/SiO2） hybrid films were prepared from 3,3＇,4,4＇-biphenyltetra- carboxylic dianhydride（BPDA） and 2,2＇-di（p-aminophenyl）-5,5＇-bibenzimidazole in N,N-dimethylacetamide（DMAc） by sol-gel method and thermal imidization. The hybrid film with high silica mass fraction up to 40% was transparent. Scanning electron microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） results of the film indicate a ho- mogeneous dispersion of silica nanoparticles in the polyimide matrix. One hybrid film PI/SiO2 with 15% SiO2 exhi- bits better mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 222 MPa, an elongation at break of 12%, and a tensile modulus of 5.66 GPa. The reinforced mechanism on mechanical Drooerties was also studied.     

碳化钼改性二氧化硅的制备及其电化学性能

采用硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖分别作为硅源、钼源和碳源,通过溶胶?凝胶法制备了碳包覆二氧化硅（SiO₂）和碳化钼（Mo₂C）颗粒的SiO₂/Mo₂C/C复合物,并借助X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等仪器对复合物的物相组成、形貌结构等进行了表征测试,同时研究了复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,当硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖的质量比为3∶1∶2（记为SiO₂/Mo₂C/C 2）用作锂离子电池的负极材料时具有较好的电化学性能。在电流密度为100 mA/g,首次充电和放电比容量分别为662和896 mA·h/g,经过200次循环后,可逆容量仍可达625 mA·h/g。即使在2 A/g的大电流密度下,可逆容量仍可达272 mA·h/g。该复合材料表现出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性,这主要归因于Mo₂C具有良好的稳定性和较高的导电性,提高了SiO₂的导电性,同时碳包覆层可以保护核心材料直接与电解液反应生成副产物,还可以作为缓冲层减缓SiO₂的体积膨胀,因此在进行充放电的过程中,材料的电化学性能得到显著的提升。在此提出利用过渡金属碳化物改善SiO₂导电性和循环性能的新思想,可以为其它负极材料的改性提供新的研究思路并扩宽研究方向。     

Preparation, Properties and Mechanism of Inhomogeneous Calcium Alginate Ion Cross-linking Gel Microspheres

Inhomogeneous calcium alginate ion cross-linking gel microspheres,a novel ion absorbent,were prepared by dropping a sodium alginate solution to a calcium chloride solutioin via an electronic droplet generator.Calcium alginate microspheres have uniform particle sizes.a smooth surface and a microporous structure.The electrode probe reveals the inhomogeneous distribution of calcium ions with the highest concentration on the surface,and the lowest concentration in the cores of the spheres.As a novel ion adsorbent,calcium alginate gel microspheres have a lower limiting adsorption mass concentration,a higher enrichment capacity and a higher adsorption capacity for Pb^2 than usual ion exchange resins.The highest percentage of the adsorption is 99.79%.The limiting adsorption mass concentration is 0.0426mg/L.The adsorption capacity for Pb^2 is 644mg/g,Calcium alginate gel microspheres have a much faster ion exchange velocity than D418 chelating resin and D113 polyacrylate resin.The moving boundary model was employed to interpret the ion exchange kinetics process,which indicates that the ion exchange process is controlled by intraparticle diffusion of adsorbable ions.So the formation of inhomogeneous gel microspheres reduces the diffusion distance of adsorbable ions within the spheres and enhances the ion exchange velocity.Alginate has a higher selectivity for pb^2 than for Ca^2 and the selectivity coefficient KCa^Pb is 316. As an ion cross-linking gel,calcium alginate inhomogeneous microspheres can effectively adsorb heavy metal Pb^2 at a higher selectivity and a higher adsorption velocity.It is a novel and good ion adsorbent.     

有序介孔二氧化硅对正丁醛的吸附性能

合成了一系列具有不同孔结构与性质的有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15、MCM-41、SBA-16、KIT-6, 同时通过改变水热温度制备了不同孔径大小的SBA-15, 并利用小角X射线散射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和氮气吸附-脱附等手段, 对其介孔结构进行了表征. 以正丁醛为探针分子, 考察了其对有机醛的吸附, 并与Y-沸石的吸附性能做了对比. 结果表明, 材料的介孔比表面积与其对正丁醛的吸附量成正比, 吸附等温线符合Langmuir 模型, 属于单层吸附, 具有最大介孔比表面积的MCM-41对正丁醛的吸附量最大(484 mg·g^-1). 最后将SBA-15添加到卷烟滤嘴中, 实验结果表明, SBA-15能显著降低卷烟烟气中巴豆醛的释放量.     

用实验和模拟计算确定SiO2空心微球的孔径分布

用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗（GCMC）模拟方法结合统计积分方程（SIE）计算了SiO2空心微球球壳上的孔径分布（PSD）.HRTEM、XRD及氮气吸附等实验测试表明,SiO2空心微球的球壳上有无序的介孔孔道.在模拟中,基于实验数据,将SiO2空心微球模型化为具有一定孔径分布的园柱孔,流体模型化为Lennard-Jones(LJ)球,流体分子和孔壁间的相互作用采用Wang等人[10]最近提出的完全解析的势函数描述.模拟结果显示,用孔径分布拟合的吸附数据和实验吸附等温线吻合良好,说明PSD能够十分有效地表示SiO2空心微球的微孔结构.     

掺杂铜的介孔SiO2微球的制备以及对亚甲基蓝的吸附

通过水热法在室温下合成了不同铜含量的介孔SiO2微球(Cu-MSM)。目的在于研究吸附剂量、MB的初始浓度以及吸附时间对Cu-MSM从溶液中移除亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当增加Cu-MSM的量时,MB的去除率会大大提高;掺杂铜的介孔SiO2微球可以通过吸附去除水溶液中的亚甲蓝。最后,简要探讨了亚甲基蓝的吸附机理。     

有序介孔二氧化硅对正丁醛的吸附性能

合成了一系列具有不同孔结构与性质的有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15、MCM-41、SBA-16、KIT-6,同时通过改变水热温度制备了不同孔径大小的SBA-15,并利用小角X射线散射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和氮气吸附-脱附等手段,对其介孔结构进行了表征.以正丁醛为探针分子,考察了其对有机醛的吸附,并与Y-沸石的吸附性能做了对比.结果表明,材料的介孔比表面积与其对正丁醛的吸附量成正比,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,属于单层吸附,具有最大介孔比表面积的MCM-41对正丁醛的吸附量最大(484 mg·g-1).最后将SBA-15添加到卷烟滤嘴中,实验结果表明,SBA-15能显著降低卷烟烟气中巴豆醛的释放量.     

醋酸十二铵的吸附和SiO2悬浮液的稳定性

（1）测定了醋酸十二烷基铵（DAA）在CAB－O－SIL上的吸附，其等温线属双平台或LS型[1－3，5]；（2）NaCl的存在使DAA的吸附增加．但不影响其低浓度下第一平台的吸附量；HCl的存在则在全浓度范围内抑制了DAA的吸附，（3）测定了CAB－O－SIL颗粒在上述各溶液中的悬浮液的稳定性；（4）根据表面形成小胶团的吸附理论（即二步模型产）[2，3，5，]，并借助电导跟踪溶液中发生的变化，满意地解释了吸附和聚沉的实验结果．     

硅胶自环己烷溶液中吸附苯甲酸和苯的计量置换吸附模型

在293~313 K温度范围, 研究了硅胶在环己烷溶液中对苯甲酸和苯的吸附. 发现苯甲酸能非常好地服从计量置换吸附模型(SDM-A). 在用SDM-A处理苯的吸附时, 出现折线形的吸附等温线, 折线的转折点正好是单分子层吸附与多分子层吸附的分界点. 基于SDM-A, 研究了吸附热力学, 建立了吸附热力学的计算公式. 发现在环己烷溶液中苯甲酸被硅胶吸附是自发的、放热的熵增大过程, 而苯被吸附是自发的放热的熵减少过程, 苯甲酸的吸附自由能大于苯, 而吸附焓小于苯, 这是因为苯甲酸有更大的亲吸附剂作用和疏溶剂作用的结果.     

Nanocomposite Silica Aerogel Activated Carbon: Preparation,Characterization and Application to Remove Lead(II) from Aqueous Solutions

Anovel nanocomposite adsorbent, Silica aerogel activated carbon (SA‐AC) has been prepared for the purpose of removing lead ions from aqueous solution in batch process. The nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the present investigation, Pb(II) adsorption experiments on nanocomposite were conducted on aqueous solution at different initial Pb(II) concentration, pH of the solution, adsorption temperature, adsorbent dosage and contact time. Optimum pH for the adsorption was found to be 6 with corresponding adsorbent dosage level of 0.5 g and 60 °C temperature. The equilibriumwas achieved within 30 min of contact time. It is remarkable that using the developed nanocomposite absorbent, more than 90% of Pb(II) can be removed under desirable experimental conditions. The efficiency of the ions adsorption was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data. The best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Desorption experiments by elution of the adsorbent with nitric acid show that the nanocomposite could be reused without significant losses of its initial properties.     

Preparation and Adsorption Ability of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microspheres for Malachite Green

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres were synthesized through precipitation polymerization using malachite green (MG) as template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as cross-linker. The microsphere structure of MIP was characterized by IR spectroscopy and SEM. The influence of preparation conditions such as monomer and cross-linker dosages on the polymer absorption of MG in acetonitrile solution was also explored. Under the optimum synthesis conditions (0.25 mmol MG, 1.5 mmol MAA, 2.5 mmol TRIM, 40 mL acetonitrile), the prepared MIP microspheres have a binding capacity as high as 2000 µg g^?1 of MG with an imprinting factor of above 4.0. The result suggests that the prepared MIP microspheres are promising material for the selective extraction of MG in complicated matrix solutions.