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以壳聚糖荷正电改性的氧化石墨烯为无机添加剂,以聚醚砜为膜材料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为致孔剂,以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用相转化法制备了有机无机杂化纳滤膜.考察了不同改性氧化石墨烯添加量对膜分离性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着改性氧化石墨烯含量的增加,荷正电纳滤膜的断面形态结构并未发生明显改变,但杂化膜的纯水通量、分离选择性明显增加.从研究结果可以看出,改性氧化石墨烯的最佳添加质量分数在0.5%左右. 相似文献
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紫外辐照接枝制备亲水性荷正电纳滤膜 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过在酚酞基聚芳醚酮超滤膜表面紫外辐照接枝亲水性单体二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)制备了一种表面荷正电的纳滤膜. ATR-FTIR和表面水接触角的研究结果表明膜表面的接枝率和亲水性随着辐照时间和单体在接枝溶液中的浓度的增加而增加. 荷正电纳滤膜对盐溶液有很好的截留, 对盐溶液中的高价阳离子和低价阳离子的截留率分别为95%和65%. 但当溶液中存在高价负离子时, 膜的截留性能会明显下降. 表明静电效应在荷电纳滤膜的分离过程中起了重要的作用. 相似文献
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纳滤是一种介于超滤与反渗透之间的重要膜分离过程,具有工作压力低、无相转变及分离效率高等独特优势。膜污染及渗透性/选择性之间的平衡是纳滤膜在使用和研发过程中面临的亟待解决的两个主要问题。膜材料是膜与膜分离技术的核心,开发新型的纳滤膜材料是解决上述问题的重要手段。本文从新型纳滤膜材料的设计与选择的角度出发,总结归纳了近年来新型材料在纳滤膜的制备与应用研究现状,包括新型有机纳滤膜材料、新型无机纳滤膜材料和新型有机-无机杂化纳滤膜材料三个方面,拓展了对纳滤膜材料的认知,探讨了新型纳滤膜材料的共性及其存在的主要问题,并对未来高性能纳滤膜材料的研制方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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以聚苯并咪唑(PBI)为原料,采用配位诱导相转化法制备具有图灵结构的纳滤膜.通过改变聚合物的含量调控图灵膜的形貌,探究图灵膜的纳滤性能,并对图灵膜在有机溶剂中的稳定性进行测试.使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等对制备的图灵膜的表面形貌及结构进行表征.首次将配位诱导相转化法制备的图灵膜应用于耐溶剂纳滤中.研究结果表明:制备的图灵膜具有优异的纳滤性能和溶剂稳定性,该膜对玫瑰红(RB)、溴百里香酚蓝(BTB)及亚甲基蓝(MB)的截留率均可达到99%以上,在强极性溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中过滤时间长达40 h时,对RB的截留率仍达到86.66%以上,在耐溶剂纳滤(SRNF)中具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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解读纳滤:一种具有纳米尺度效应的分子分离操作 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纳滤膜是20世纪80年代末期发展起来的一种广泛用于液体分离的新型分离膜。早期研究中,先后提出的基于筛分效应的细孔模型,基于静电效应的电荷模型,以及同时考虑上述两种效应的静电位阻模型和道南位阻模型等为人们更好地理解纳滤膜分离机理和指导纳滤膜过程应用发挥了十分重要的作用。然而由于这些具有“疏松型反渗透膜”特点的纳滤膜没有相应的膜性能预测评价软件,使得针对具体应用过程的纳滤膜的大规模标准化应用受到了一定的制约。为此,结合上述模型,根据一些特定实验拟合确定混合盐体系同号离子间的竞争作用和异号离子间的调节作用,提出了一个适于混合盐体系的纳滤膜分离性能评价模型,促进了纳滤膜技术在水处理过程的大规模推广。最近,根据纳滤膜对离子选择性分离性能及其伴随的动电性质的细致而深入的实验研究,发现仅考虑筛分效应和静电效应并不能完全合理地解释纳滤膜的分离性能,且在动电性质的解析上也存在一定缺陷,进而对纳滤膜纳米级孔径引起的特殊效应和溶液体系中复杂相互作用引起的荷电性质变化有了更为深刻的认识和理解,提出并定量分析了离子透过纳滤膜时存在的介电排斥效应。 相似文献
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聚电解质层层自组装纳滤膜* 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
层层自组装技术能够方便地对膜的微观结构和组成进行调控,已在制备复合型纳滤膜方面取得了迅速的发展。本文综述了近年来用于聚电解质层层自组装纳滤膜的制备方法,种类以及影响因素。介绍了静态层层交替沉积、压力驱动自组装和电场强化自组装等三种制备方法;归纳了均聚型、共聚型和有机/无机杂化型等三类用于层层自组装纳滤膜的聚电解质的特点;讨论了聚电解质的荷电性、电荷密度和电离程度等因素对其自组装膜分离性能的影响。总结了聚电解质自组装纳滤膜在水处理和有机溶剂中物质的分离等方面的应用。同时,对提高聚电解质自组装纳滤膜的组装效率,分离性能和发展方向提出了设想和建议。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
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N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
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Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
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《Tetrahedron》2014,70(21):3377-3384
The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative. 相似文献
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Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献