Direct alkylation of heteroaryls using potassium alkyl- and alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates

A direct alkylation of various heteroaryls using stoichiometric potassium alkyl- and alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates has been developed. This method leads to the synthesis of complex substituted heterocycles, which have been obtained with yields up to 89%.     

Cross-coupling of mesylated phenol derivatives with potassium alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates

Cross-coupling of mesylated phenol derivatives with various potassium alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates has been achieved. The corresponding aryl and heteroaryl alkoxymethyl compounds have been obtained with equal facility with both electron-rich and electron-poor substituents on the activated alcohol.     

Preparation of potassium alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates and their cross-coupling with aryl chlorides

A wide variety of alkoxymethyltrifluoroborate substrates were prepared via SN2 displacement of potassium bromomethyltrifluoroborate with various alkoxides in excellent yields. These alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates were effectively cross-coupled with several aryl chlorides. This method provides a unique dissonant disconnect that allows greater flexibility in the design of new and improved synthetic pathways.     

Polarographic determination of diffusion coefficient values of In(III) in potassium chloride and nitrate supporting electrolytes

The diffusion coefficient values of In(III) in potassium chloride and potassium nitrate supporting electrolytes have been determined by polarography. Also, the half-wave potential, E(1/2), and the |E(3/4)-E(1/4)| values have been calculated. The results show ionic strength and chloride concentration effects on electrode kinetics in the reduction of In(III).     

The first nitro-substituted heteroscorpionate ligand

The new dihydridobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate ligand, [H2B(tzNO2)2]-, has been synthesized in dimethylacetamide solution, using 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and KBH4 through careful temperature control, and characterized as its potassium salt. The zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes, {M[H2B(tzNO2)2]Cl(H2O)2}, have been prepared by metathesis of [H2B(tzNO2)2]K with ZnCl2 and CdCl2, respectively. The complexes likely contain a metal core in which the ligand is coordinated to the metal ions in the K2-N,N' or K4-N,N',O,O' fashion. A single-crystal structural characterization is reported for the potassium dihydrobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate. The potassium salt is polymeric and shows several K...N and K...O interactions.     

Silver(I)-organophosphane complexes of electron withdrawing CF3- or NO2-substituted scorpionate ligands

New silver(I) complexes have been synthesized from the reaction of AgNO(3), monodentate tertiary phosphanes PR(3) (PR(3) = P(C(6)H(5))(3), P(o-C(6)H(4)CH(3))(3), P(m-C(6)H(4)CH(3))(3), P(p-C(6)H(4)CH(3))(3), PCH(3)(C(6)H(5))(2)) and two novel electron withdrawing ligands: potassium dihydrobis(3-nitropyrazol-1-yl)borate and potassium dihydrobis(3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, ESI-MS and multinuclear ((1)H, (19)F and (31)P) NMR spectroscopy. Solid state structures of the potassium salts K[H(2)B(3-(NO(2))pz)(2)] and K[H(2)B(3-(CF(3))pz)(2)] have been reported. They form polymeric networks due to intermolecular contacts of various types between the potassium ion and atoms of the neighboring molecules. The silver adducts [H(2)B(3-(NO(2))pz)(2)]Ag[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](2) and [H(2)B(3-(NO(2))pz)(2)]Ag[P(p-C(6)H(4)CH(3))(3)] have pseudo tetrahedral and trigonal planar silver sites, respectively. The bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligand acts as a kappa(2)-N(2) donor. The nitro-substituents are coplanar with the pyrazolyl rings in all these adducts indicating efficient electron delocalization between the two units. The [H(2)B(3-(CF(3))pz)(2)]Ag[P(C(6)H(5))(3)] complex has been obtained from re-crystallization of {[H(2)B(3-(CF(3))pz)(2)]Ag[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](2)} in a dichloromethane-diethyl ether solution; it is a three-coordinate, trigonal planar silver complex.     

Simultaneous reduction of arsenic and lead to hydrides by sodium tetrahydroborate(III) for inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry: An investigation into the reaction medium

Nitroso R salt and potassium ferricyanide, in hydrochloric acid, have been used as the reaction medium for simultaneous generation of arsine and plumbane, combined with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric detection. Both of the reagents enhance the lead signal and neither reagent inhibits the arsenic signal, provided that the potassium ferricyanide is mixed on-line with the analyte solution. Potassium iodide, which is used to prereduce As(V) to As(III), does not interfere with plumbane generation in both reaction systems. Various parameters affecting the signals have been studied, and the hydrochloric acid-potassium ferricyanide system has proved to be a better reaction medium. Detection limits of lead and arsenic are 1.1 and 2.8 ng/ml, respectively, have been obtained in the HClK(3) Fe(CN)(6) system at a sample uptake rate of 1.5 ml/min.     

苯酚钾及对位取代苯酚钾的电离势

在我们以前的研究工作中发现,酚类钾盐是很好的电荷给体,可以和顺丁烯二酸酐、三硝基苯以及醌类等电荷受体生成电荷转移(CT)络合物。表示分子的给电子能力的参数是分子的第一电离势(简称为电离势I_p)。对于苯酚的I_p值,近年来已有文献记载,但苯酚钾     

Cross-coupling of mesylated phenol derivatives with potassium ammonio- and amidomethyltrifluoroborates

A large array of aryl and heteroaryl mesylates have been successfully employed as electrophiles in a Csp(2)-Csp(3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with potassium ammonio- and amidomethyltrifluoroborates to afford the corresponding products in high yields.     

Electron transfer reactions. Reaction of tetracyclone,tetraphenylfuran and related substrates with potassium

The reaction of tetracyclone (1) with potassium in THF gave a mixture of benzoic acid (4), tetraphenylfuran (5) and cis-1,2-dibenzoylstilbene (6). The reaction of 1 with potassium in oxygen-saturated THF gave a mixture of 2-hydroxy-2,4,5-triphenyl-3(2H)furanone (3), 4, 5 and 6, whereas the reaction of 1 with potassium superoxide gave a moderate yield of 3,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-2-pyrartone (7), besides 3, 4, 5, and 6. The reaction of tetraphenylfuran (5) itself with potassium in THF gave a mixture of 6, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylbutan-1-one (9), 2,3-diphenyl-1-indenone (10) and 2,3-epoxy-4-hydroxy-2,3,4-tnphenyltetralone-l (11), whereas practically no reaction occurred on treatment of 5 with potassium superoxide. Treatment of 10 with potassium in THF, however, gave a mixture of 4, dibenzo[a,c]-13-fluorenone (13), 2,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyl-1-indanone (14) and 2,3-diphenylbenzofuran (15). A similar mixture of products consisting of 4, 13, 14 and 15 was obtained when the reaction of 10 with potassium was carried out in oxygen-saturated THF or when 10 was treated with potassium superoxide. Treatment of 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxy-1-indanone (16) with potassium on the other hand, gave 10 in excellent yield. Cyclic voltammetric studies have been carried out to measure the reduction potentials of 1, 5, 10 and 16 in the generation of their radical anions. The radical anions of 1, 5, 10 and 16 were also generated pulse radiolytically in methanol and their spectra showed absorption maxima in the region 320–380 nm.     

两个新的氮杂环基氢硼酸根及其金属配合物的研究

以硼氢化钾、咪唑、苯并三唑为原料,合成了一氢三(1-咪唑基)硼酸钾和二氢双(1-苯并三唑基)硼酸钾,并以它们为配体合成了一些金属配合物。     

A stable chiral diaminocyclopropenylidene

The chiral carbene bis[bis(R-1-phenylethyl)amino]cyclopropenylidene 2 and its dicarbene-silver complex [Ag(2)2]BF4 (3) have been isolated in good yields from the reactions of bis[bis(R-1-phenylethyl)amino]cyclopropenylium tetrafluoroborate (1)BF4 with potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or with Ag2O, respectively; the molecular structures of (1)ClO4, 2 and 3 have been determined by X-ray diffraction analyses.     

Highly enantioselective conjugate additions of potassium organotrifluoroborates to enones by use of monodentate phosphoramidite ligands

The use of phosphoramidite ligands in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of potassium organotrifluoroborates to various enones in the absence of water is described. A systematic search for effective catalysts has been performed by use of high-throughput screening methods. Initially, we have screened reaction conditions, catalyst precursors, and focused ligand libraries. In the next stage we have used the monodentate ligand combination approach, and finally we have made a library of 96 different phosphoramidites by parallel synthesis in the robot (instant ligand libraries) and have tested these in the vinylation of cyclohexenone (up to 88% enantiomeric excess, ee) and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (up to 42% ee). Arylation of cyclohexenone by use of potassium phenyltrifluoroborate gave 3-phenylcyclohexanone with 99% ee.     

Ultramicrostructural characteristics of some intercalates of graphite: An electron microscopic study

The ultramicrostructure of certain graphite-intercalate residue compounds known to exhibit ordering has been investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Some novel ternary graphite-intercalates formed as a result of interactions between existing intercalates and other guest species have also been investigated. The superlattice patterns associated with the ordering of the intercalating species are readily interpretable, and it has been possible to obtain direct lattice images of the{101¯0} graphite (0.21 nm) of the {100} intercalated FeCl₃ (0.52 nm) and of{101¯0} intercalated potassium (0.36 nm). It is shown that potassium acts as an effective reducing agent, and, in the graphite-ferric chloride-potassium system, free iron and potassium chloride are formed. The catalytic activity of this ternary intercalate is probably associated with highly dispersed free iron.     

Chiral Phosphine Ligands with Amino Acid Moieties

Abstract

Amino acids containing functionalized aromatic substituents are of considerable interest as building blocks for the syntheses and the design of new types of proteins and pharmacologically active compounds. In contrast to amino acids bearing phosphonated phenyl substituents [1], phosphinophenyl derivatives have been reported only very recently[2]. We have been able to synthesize phosphinophenyl amino acids of type 1 or 2 by nucleophilic phosphination [3] of the potassium salts of 2-and 4-fluoro-a-phenylglycine and-alanine with potassium phosphides Ph(R')PK in high yields.     

Open, cyclic, and bicyclic compounds of double silylated phosphorus and boron

Salt elimination reactions of tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl potassium (1), and two 1,4-dipotassiooligosilanes (3, 5) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinodichloroborane and diethylaminodichlorophosphane have generated open (2), cyclic (4) and bicyclic (6) bora- and phosphaoligosilanes. A monosilylated phosphane and the two five-membered cyclosilanes have been subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Isostructural potassium and thallium salts of sterically crowded triazenes: a structural and computational study

Because of their similar cationic radii, potassium and thallium(I) compounds are usually regarded as closely related. Homologous molecular species containing either K(+) or Tl(+) are very rare, however. We have synthesized potassium and thallium salts MN3RR' derived from the biphenyl- or terphenyl-substituted triazenes Tph2N3H (1a), Dmp(Mph)N3H (1b), Dmp(Tph)N3H (1c), and (Me4Ter)2N3H (1d) (Dmp=2,6-Mes 2C6H3 with Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2; Me4Ter=2,6-(3,5-Me2C6H3)2C6H3; Mph=2-MesC6H4; Tph=2-TripC6H4 with Trip=2,4,6-(i)Pr3C6H2). The potassium complexes 2a- d were obtained in almost quantitative yield from the reaction of 1a- d with potassium metal in n-heptane. Metalation of 1a- d with TlOEt afforded the thallium triazenides 3a- d in high yields. All new compounds have been characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography and for selected species by melting point (not 3b), IR spectroscopy (2a, 2d, 3a, 3c, 3d), and mass spectrometry (2a, 3c). In the solid-state structures of monomeric 2a and 3a, quasi-monomeric 2b, 3b, 2c, and 3c, and dimeric 2d and 3d additional metal-eta (n)-pi-arene-interactions to the flanking arms of the biphenyl- and terphenyl groups in the triazenide ligands of decreasing hapticity n are observed. Remarkably, all homologous potassium and thallium complexes crystallize in isomorphous cells. For 2a and 3a, the nature of the M-N and M...C(arene) bonding was studied by density functional theory calculations.     

Ion pair cooperative binding of potassium salts by new rhenium(I) bipyridine crown ether receptors

The new rhenium(I) bipyridine crown ether receptors 1-4 have been prepared and their ion pair recognition properties examined. The crystal structure of [1.KCl](2).2H(2)O demonstrates that potassium is coordinated by benzo-18-crown-6 and chloride is hydrogen bonded to the amide groups. Receptor 3 extracts solid KCl and KOAc into chloroform via ion pair complexation. NMR and emission titration studies with receptors 1-4 and KCl/KOAc show that cobound potassium enhances anion binding strength by electrostatic and conformational effects. Significant cooperative interactions are observed between the anion and cation sites for host 4 in CH(3)CN. This molecule coordinates potassium to form a 1:1 intramolecular sandwich complex, which preorganizes the host for acetate binding.     

Potentiometric study on the complex equilibria between ni(ii) and mn(ii) and 3-(2-furyl)-2-mercaptopropenoic and 3-(2-furyl)-2-mercaptopropanoic acids

Complex formation between Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) and 3-(2-furyl)-2-mercaptopropenoic and 3-(2-furyl)-2-mercaptopropanoic acids has been studied using glass electrode potentiometry. Ligand-metal ion mixtures in 10% (v/v) ethanol-water containing 0.1 mol dm^–3KNO₃ were titrated with potassium hydroxide. The e.m.f. data obtained have been analyzed using the linearization method, and initial estimates of protonation constants for the ligands and complex formation constants have been refined with the MINIQUAD program.     

Reactions of Benzoyl Isothiocyanate with Active Methylene Reagents: A Novel Synthesis of Thiophene,Thiazoline and Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives

Various derivatives of thiophene, thiazoline and thienopyrimidine have been synthesized via the reaction of active methylene reagents (la-j) with benzoyl isothiocyanate in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by the subsequent treatment of the potassium salt intermediates 2a-j with phenacyl bromide or ethyl chloroacetate. The stability of the formed adducts 3 and 12 or their selective cyclization depends on both the nature of the active methylene reagent and the α-halocarbonyl compounds.