Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011)

The review brings a comprehensive survey of the recent developments of high-performance electroseparation methods in capillary and microchip formats: zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography and electrochromatography. Applications of these techniques to analysis, isolation, purification and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides are described. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides, and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, EOF control and detection, are presented. New developments, in particular, CE and CEC modes are reported and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are described: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide relevant physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.     

(S)-(-)-5-对苄氧基苄基-2,4-噁唑烷二酮的合成

L-酪氨酸经O-苄基化和重氮化反应得到关键中间体--手性3-(对苄氧基苯基)-α-羟基丙酸(4); 4经酯化、氨化和环化反应合成了(S)-(-)-5-对苄氧基苄基-2,4-噁唑烷二酮,总收率10%, 95.4%e.e.,其结构经1H NMR和HR-MS表征.     

(S)-(-)-norlaudanosine和(S)-(-)-O,O-dimethylcoclaurine的合成

以高藜芦胺为起始原料,经N-磺酰化反应制得高藜芦磺酰胺(2);2分别与芳乙烯甲醚经对甲苯磺酸催化的Pictet-Spengler反应后用金属钠脱除Ts基团合成了(±)-norlaudanosine(5a)和(±)-O,O-dimethylcoclaurine(5b);使用半量拆分法,以N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸为拆分剂,制得(S)-(-)-5a和(S)-(-)-5b,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,MS和HR-ESI-MS确证。