第六讲 电视系统的测试及精度分析

一、电视系统的试测(一)一般电视的测试1.一般电视系统的组成我们在这里谈的电视系统,指的是闭路电视系统,不包括开路电视系统。具体地说,闭路电视系统包括工业电视系统和工程上用的电视系统,开路电视系统多指广播电视系统。     

广义Birkhoff系统与一类组合梯度系统

提出一类组合梯度系统, 即将梯度系统与斜梯度系统相加而组成的一个系统, 并研究组合梯度系统的重要性质. 将广义Birkhoff系统在一定条件下化成组合梯度系统, 并利用组合梯度系统的性质来研究广义Birkhoff系统的积分和稳定性.     

非线性振动系统的预测同步方法研究

对于非线性振动系统,如果通过线性耦合可以实现派生系统与原系统的同步,则可以建立相应的预测派生系统,使得预测派生系统的响应与经τ时间以后的原系统响应同步,实现对原振动系统的非线性响应,特别是混沌响应的预测.也可以建立多级的预测派生系统,预测较长一段时间以后的振动系统未来的非线性响应.对于Duffing系统建立了6级的预测派生系统,可以比较精确地预测3s左右的原系统混沌响应. 关键词： 预测同步 派生系统 响应     

基于无源化的细胞神经网络超混沌系统同步

根据细胞神经网络超混沌系统的特点，求得混沌驱动系统与响应系统之间的误差系统.基于该误差系统，提出了混沌系统的同步条件：使同步误差大范围渐近稳定，然后采用非线性系统的无源化方法设计了使误差系统大范围渐近稳定的反馈镇定器.四阶细胞神经网络超混沌系统的计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 混沌同步 误差系统 无源化 细胞神经网络超混沌系统     

一阶Lagrange系统的梯度表示

研究一阶Lagrange系统的梯度表示. 给出一阶Lagrange系统可成为梯度系统的条件. 利用梯度系统的性质研究系统的稳定性. 给出例子说明结果的应用. 关键词： 一阶Lagrange系统 梯度系统 稳定性     

计算全息法检测离轴凸非球面照明镜组初始结构设计

设计一种特殊的应用于计算全息法(CGH)高精度检测离轴凸非球面系统的照明系统。该照明系统一方面用作参考系统,另一方面将检测光近似垂直投射到待检测镜面上,使得检测系统为近似共光路系统,降低照明系统的制造精度。分析了照明系统的几何光路模型,将复杂的两用途系统简化,得到照明系统工作距离、照明系统焦距以及参考面曲率半径三个特征参量之间的关系。设计时,通过控制这几个特征参量,得到满足检测要求的系统初始结构。设计结果表明,该方法可以满足系统使用要求。     

双级热管转轮除湿空调系统性能研究

转轮除湿空调系统是将转轮除湿机与常用冷却方式相结合实现空调制冷的新型空调系统。为降低转轮除湿空调系统的再生能耗以及提高系统的冷却能力,本文提出双级热管转轮除湿空调系统,系统利用重力热管的冷凝段实现转轮除湿机的再生,蒸发段实现处理空气的冷却。建立了双级热管除湿转轮空调系统传热传湿模型,模拟分析了系统在不同工况下系统的降温除湿特性。研究表明,处理空气进口温度越高,系统的冷却能力越强但系统的除湿能力降低;处理空气湿度越高,系统的除湿能力越强,但系统的冷却能力降低;再生温度越高,系统除湿能力越强,系统热力性能系数越低,但冷却能力降低。综合降温除湿能力及节能要求,双级热管转轮除湿空调系统的再生温度不宜过高,推荐≤80℃。     

飞行模拟器用投射系统设计

研究了一种瞄准镜用飞行模拟器投射镜头的设计,并给出了模拟器投射镜头的设计实例。模拟器由显示系统、屏幕、投射系统、反射镜组成,模拟图像信号送入模拟器的显示系统,显示系统将视景仿真模拟图像信号投射到屏幕上,屏幕位于投射系统的焦平面上,瞄准镜对由模拟器进入的光线成像实现成像模拟。投射系统由周边系统、中心系统共9路光学镜头组成,投射系统周边系统、中心系统对应于瞄准镜的中心系统与周边系统,中心系统与周边系统的物面位置重合即共物面;中心系统采用摄远物镜镜形式缩短了镜头长度结构更加紧凑。周边系统焦距为f=263．02mm,视场角为2ω=17°,全视场畸边〈0．4％,在屏幕的Nyquist频率处全视场的MTF〉0．9,系统长度330mm;中心系统焦距为f=295．00mm,视场角为2ω=17°,全视场畸变〈0．37％,在屏幕的Nyquist频率处全视场的MTF〉0．9,系统长度283．2mm。投射系统采用全口径出光,同时系统通光口径略大于敏感器的通光口径,降低了系统装配的精度。     

中低轨可见光遥感器光学系统方案的优化

可见光遥感器光学系统可以采用折射系统、折反系统和反射系统来实现。长焦距,宽光谱,体积小是中低轨可见光遥感器光学系统设计的难点,针对f=400mm,F=2.0,2W=3°的可见光遥感器系统的要求,分别设计了折射系统,R-C改进型折反系统和离轴三反系统的遥感器光学系统,这三个系统均能满足遥感系统的技术要求,并分析了每个系统的特点。     

构造准正则变换的方法

给出构造Hamilton系统的准正则变换的方法,首先将Hamilton系统变换成Birkhoff系统,然后将Birkhoff系统作规范变换并实现Hamilton化. 指出对一个Hamilton系统存在多种准正则变换. 举例说明所得结果的应用. 关键词： Hamilton系统 准正则变换 Birkhoff系统 规范变换     

Numbers,scale and symbols: the public understanding of nanotechnology

Nanotechnology will be an increasing part of the everyday lives of most people in the world. There is a general recognition that few people understand the implications of the technology, the technology itself or even the definition of the word. This lack of understanding stems from a lack of knowledge about science in general but more specifically difficulty in grasping the size scale and symbolism of nanotechnology. A potential key to informing the general public is establishing the ability to comprehend the scale of nanotechnology. Transitioning from the macro to the nanoscale seems to require an ability to comprehend scales of one-billion. Scaling is a skill not common in most individuals and tests of their ability to extrapolate size based upon scaling a common object demonstrates that most individuals cannot scale to the extent needed to make the transition to nanoscale. Symbolism is another important vehicle to providing the general public with a basis to understand the concepts of nanotechnology. With increasing age, individuals are able to draw representations of atomic scale objects, but these tend to be iconic and the different representations not easily translated. Ball and stick models are most recognized by the public, which provides an opportunity to present not only useful symbolism but also a reference point for the atomic scale.     

Ohmic Contacts to ZnSe-Based Materials

The formation of ohmic contacts to n- and p-type ZnSe is reviewed. The mechanisms for forming reasonable low-resistance ohmic contacts to n-ZnSe are well understood. This results from the fact that the Fermi energy level of ZnSe is unpinned and metals with sufficiently large work functions can make contact to n-type material. However, the situation is reversed for p-ZnSe where a large band gap and large electron affinity make it impossible to find metals with sufficiently large work functions to create an ohmic contact. Instead, the use of HgSe to form low barrier height Schottky contacts and of ZnSe/ZnTe multiple quantum wells (MQWs) to form ohmic contacts is reviewed. Although the MQWs can be used to form ohmic contacts to p-ZnSe, they degrade at high temperatures and high current densities. This is reviewed and shown to be a serious problem for applications to laser diodes.     

做实验的主人--写给学习物理实验的学生

在学习实验时应注意学习探索,本文从实验课上学什么,如何在探索中学习,如何进行误差分析,实验结果如何评价,怎样认识验证性实验,怎样理解实验的物理思想,怎样在实验过程中提出问题等几方面讨论了学生怎样做实验的主人.     

Stokes integral of economic growth: Calculus and the Solow model

Economic growth depends on capital and labor and two-dimensional calculus has been applied to economic theory. This leads to Riemann and Stokes integrals and to the first and second laws of production and growth. The mathematical structure is the same as in thermodynamics, economic properties may be related to physical terms: capital to energy, production to physical work, GDP per capita to temperature, production function to entropy. This is called econophysics. Production, trade and banking may be compared to motors, heat pumps or refrigerators. The Carnot process of the first law creates two levels in each system: cold and hot in physics; buyer and seller, investor and saver, rich and poor in economics. The efficiency rises with the income difference of rich and poor. The results of econophysics are compared to neoclassical theory.     

电动力学教学改革与实践

文章结合“电动力学”课程内容的特点，采用课内内容与课外内容相结合，理论与实践相结合，吸引学生对自己感兴趣的内容作深入的了解与研究，并写出一份研究性论文或理论性较强的综述性的报告，从而使学生具有初步的分析问题和解决问题的科研能力．这一教学尝试，不仅提高了学生独立从事研究能力，而且也提高了教师的业务水平．     

Review of LDA and PIV applied to the measurement of sound and acoustic streaming

A review of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) with their application to the measurement of sound is presented. The fundamental principles behind LDA and PIV are discussed and extended to the application of sound measurement. Special attention is paid to analysis of LDA signals including the Hilbert transform, which enables amplitude information to be obtained about various frequency components of a signal and wavelet analysis, which allows non-stationary signals to be accurately analysed. The influence of the refractive index variations in a medium due to a sound wave on the laser beams of an LDA signal is discussed. Attention is also paid to acoustic streaming which arises due to high-intensity sound, and PIV results are presented to demonstrate the effect.     

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EAST运行中的温度改变会导致磁体及冷屏产生形变和位移。为了测量此位移的变化,利用一个延长臂,把位移转移到较易测量的位置,然后采用直滑式电位器把位移变化转换成电压变化并测量出其值,最终转换成位移的变化值。该测量系统解决了EAST装置中磁体和冷屏位移测量的难题。     

浅谈光电实验室的教学管理改革

实验教学是帮助学生将理论知识转化为实践技能的重要途径。因此在重视理论教学的同时,必须加强实验环节。针对光电实验室的现状,有必要进行教学方法和管理制度的改革。强化实验室仪器管理,创造好的硬件条件为实验教学服务;改革创新教学方法,使实验效果在传统实验教学的基础上更上一层楼;因材施教,满足各层次学生的不同需求;全方位展开改革实践,建立适合科技发展的教学新体系,培养理论知识扎实,实践技能过硬的复合型人才,以适应社会的发展。     

A multiple function sonar rangefinder for divers

The rangefinder described here is a self-contained instrument for hand-held operation by a diver for searching, tracking, navigation and surveying applications. It has four modes: 1 — to measure range to a passive target directly to ± 1 m; 2 — to measure range to a passive target indirectly to ± 0.1 m; 3 — to measure range to a coded transponder to either ± 1 m or ± 0.1 m; 4 — to indicate the presence of multiple targets downrange where each target occurs in a selected range interval. The pulse echo principle is employed, with pulses typically 250 μs long. The carrier frequency of 300 kHz can be altered easily if required by changing the transducer array.     

Generalizing Boltzmann Configurational Entropy to Surfaces,Point Patterns and Landscape Mosaics

Several methods have been recently proposed to calculate configurational entropy, based on Boltzmann entropy. Some of these methods appear to be fully thermodynamically consistent in their application to landscape patch mosaics, but none have been shown to be fully generalizable to all kinds of landscape patterns, such as point patterns, surfaces, and patch mosaics. The goal of this paper is to evaluate if the direct application of the Boltzmann relation is fully generalizable to surfaces, point patterns, and landscape mosaics. I simulated surfaces and point patterns with a fractal neutral model to control their degree of aggregation. I used spatial permutation analysis to produce distributions of microstates and fit functions to predict the distributions of microstates and the shape of the entropy function. The results confirmed that the direct application of the Boltzmann relation is generalizable across surfaces, point patterns, and landscape mosaics, providing a useful general approach to calculating landscape entropy.