国土资源部地质环境监测技术重点实验室挂牌

正国土资源部地质环境监测技术重点实验室通过了专家验收。地质环境监测技术重点实验室是国土资源部唯一从事监测技术研究与仪器研发的重点实验室,2012年被批准列入第3批国土资源部重点实验室建设计划。针对经济社会发展的重大需求和人类活动面临的重大地质环境问题,开     

加强环境监测机构管理和监督规范市场竞争秩序

正不久前,安徽省质监局联合省环保厅公布了2017年环境监测机构省级监督检查结果,30家环境监测机构受到处置。其主要问题为监测标准和方法未依法办理变更手续,实验室和仪器设备管理不规范,监测分析和原始报告记录不符合要求,体系运行管理不到位等。此次环境监测机构督查结果暴露了当前我国环境监测市场存在的乱象,这正是当前环境监测行业重点关注的部分。     

环境监测实验室内部质量审核之我见

根据漯河市环境监测站实验室内部质量审核的工作体会,分析了环境监测实验室开展内部质量审核的意义,着重探讨了如何开展质量体系内部审核工作.     

环境监测实验室测量不确定度的评估程序

提出环境监测实验室测量不确定度的评估程序、评估原则、注意事项。     

我国环境监测中的氨氮分析方法

对在我国环境监测中水中氨氮实验室分析方法和仪器分析方法进行了概述,并对其分析方法的改进和影响因素予以综述.     

浅析高校化学实验室废弃物的综合处理

化学实验室的环境污染问题不容忽视,必须防患于未然。实验过程中产生各种废气、废水和固体废物等污染物,对人体的危害极大。本文分析了目前我国高校化学实验室"三废"污染的现状,简单阐明了造成化学实验室环境污染的主要原因,同时提出了实验室污染的防治措施。     

环境监测实验室管理系统的开发与应用

基于2005版《计量认证/审查认可(验收)评审准则》要求,为满足环境监测实验室业务流程而设计开发了信息管理系统。该系统主要用于环境监测实验室的资源管理和日常自动化办公。系统采用B/S架构,实现全球化办公运作,能对监测样品的受理、分发、分析、原始记录、监测报告、数据三级审核、报告签发实现全程自动流转,并运用工作流和智能表单设计实现实验室程序文件中各类程序和日常办公事务流程的执行;原始记录和监测报告全部实现自动归档及智能查询;同时根据2005版准则中的要求,对人员、设备、材料、环境要素、记录、质量控制等所有要素全面实施网络化管理。     

新疆5监测站投2000万元购实验室检测仪器

新疆5个环境监测站日前获得了国家2000余万元的资助,用于加强监测能力建设。26日,新疆自治区环境监测总站有关负责人说,2008年年底,国家环保部和财政部批准了自治区环境监测总站编制的《新疆边境地区环境监测能力建设项目建设方案》,划拨专项资金2000余万元,资助新疆阿勒泰、塔城、伊犁、阿克苏和克州5个边境地区环境监测站的监测能力建设。目前,该项目资金已划拨到位,预计2009年年底完成建设内容。这是迄今为止新疆环境监测系统获得的最大一笔能力建设投资。这些资金主要用于这5个环境监测站购置目前急需的实验室检测分析仪器、应急监测设备、监测交通工具和监控平台搭建,迅速提高5个环境监测站的硬件装备水平。(现代实验室装备网)新疆5监测站投2000万元购实验室检测仪器     

环境样品水质监测数据的合理性检验

环境监测是环境保护工作的基础，监测数据的准确性直接关系到正确决策。本文介绍了试验监测数据的合理性的几种检验方法，以保证实验室出具数据的准确性和可靠性。     

我国首台环境监测仪器光学标定系统通过验收

不久前，我国首台环境监测仪器光学标定系统在安徽光机所通过了专家验收，这标志着我国环境监测技术产业检测规范化工作取得了重要突破。 “环境监测仪器光学标定系统”利用了光在反射腔中的多次反射来达到在较短反射腔中实现长光程的目的，在有效地提高气体长程吸收光谱测量灵敏度的基础上，通过抽真空和气体配气系统精确地控制腔体内的气体浓度，实现了在实验室进行模拟真空环境的长光程传输检测和标定，在测量气体的吸收截面及对长光程气体监测类仪器进行浓度的标定上有着广阔的应用前景。     

Long-term operation of a domestic wastewater treatment plant with membrane filtration

Possibilities of membrane technology and the use of membrane processes in wastewater treatment were investigated. The main focus was the monitoring of the starting phase of a domestic wastewater treatment plant. Experimental part of the study was realized at the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Devínska Nová Ves — Bratislava during the period from February 2005 to September 2006. The system was stable without any external chemical treatment of the membrane modules and the permeate quality was very high. Observed decrease of COD and BOD₅ values ranged between 91 % and 98 %. The process of nitrification was very successful considering its high efficiency (> 95 %). Presented at the 34th International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 21–25 May 2007.     

Entrapped mixed microorganisms to treat organic wastewater from food industry

Limited land and insufficient technicians to operate a wastewater treatment system are main restrictions for many factories. Therefore, an ideal wastewater treatment method for a small or land-limited factory must possess merits such as high performance efficiency, high organic loading rate, little odor, simple operation, easy maintenance, and little land required (simultaneously). An entrapment technique to immobilize mixed microorganisms to treat organic wastewater, which was developed in the present work, possesses these characteristics. This project was done on a laboratory scale. The microorganisms were activated sludge (an undefined mixture of microorganisms obtained directly from a domestic wastewater treatment plan) and the mixed microorganisms were immobilized in cellulose triacetate by means of an entrapment technique to treat organic wastewater from food industry. After wastewater was treated by this system, the SCOD (soluble COD) removal efficiency of 81% evaluated samples exceeded 80% in 1.5 ± 0.9 g SCOD/L/d of the volumetric loading rate and 7–10 h for the hydraulic retention time. This wastewater treatment method can be applied to other organic industrial wastewater.     

Phosphine Production Potential of Various Wastewater and Sewage Sludge Sources

ABSTRACT

A laboratory incubation procedure followed by gas chromatographic detection was used to measure phosphine production potential in representative wastewater and sewage sludge sources. Phosphine production potential was determined by measuring the rate of phosphine formation in samples incubated under laboratory conditions over a seven day period when both electron donors and the targeted electron acceptor were not limiting factors. Results of our experiments showed that except the primary effluent and secondary effluent wastewater samples all other samples studied (influent wastewater, various type of sludge and sediment sources) produced phosphine. The minimum phosphine production potential value (0.39 pg/ml wastewater/day) was measured in composite influent wastewater samples while the maximum (268 pg/g wet sludge/day) was measured in sediment samples collected from an open-air sewage treatment plant.     

城市污水处理过程中有机污染物三维荧光特性的变化规律

采用三维荧光光谱法研究了城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物的三维荧光特性变化规律。研究结果表明,生活污水中荧光类溶解性有机物主要以类蛋白有机物、UV腐殖质和可见腐殖质为主;污水生物处理前后特征荧光峰中心位置和强度均发生明显的改变,表明污水中有机物的相对组成和含量随生物处理过程而变化。三维特征荧光参数可以反映污水处理过程中污染物的种类、性质和含量变化等丰富信息。其测定迅速简便、灵敏度高,可用于污水处理效果的定性分析、定量评价,易于实现污水处理过程的实时在线监测,指导污水处理工艺的设计、运行、管理和控制。     

Determination and comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in primary,secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment plants

A concurrent comparison of the concentration, occurrence, and removal efficiency of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in wastewater from primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment plants was examined. The study area was composed of all three types of wastewater treatment plants in two countries, the United States of America and Mexico. Nineteen PBDEs were analyzed by an environmentally friendly technique, Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction coupled with thermal desorption and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. This method required no organic solvent and was proven to be effective and sensitive. The most detected PBDEs found in wastewater influent and effluent were BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100 and BDE-119. The total concentration of PBDEs (∑BDE_{47,99,100,119}) in the influents ranged from 115.3 to 595.0?ng?L^?1, and from below method detection limit to 388.2?ng?L^?1 in the effluent. It was observed that tertiary treatment was the most effective process to remove BDE-47, 99, and 100, while the primary treatment only rendered an average of 27% removal of total PBDEs. Owing to the incomplete removal in wastewater processes, PBDEs are constantly released into the environment, which implies possible hazardous effects on the environment and human health.     

印染废水的植物修复及在线监测技术研究

采用空心莲子草对印染废水进行修复,研究净化效果,并利用在线监测技术对植物修复前后的印染废水中氨氮、COD、TOC指标进行测定。结果表明：在线监测技术成熟,植物修复印染废水可行。     

微生物燃料电池处理餐饮废水及同步发电性能研究

针对食堂餐饮废水,建立微生物燃料电池实验系统,研究微生物燃料电池废水处理与同步发电性能。首先使用Fe(NO3)3溶液作为阴极电解液进行实验,证明餐饮废水生物降解及产电的可行性;分别采用NaCl溶液和K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液作为阴极电解液进行对比实验,研究不同运行环境下微生物燃料电池的发电性能和污水净化效果。结果表明,采用NaCl溶液和K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液作为阴极电解液时的COD去除率分别是30%和22%左右,平均电流密度分别为5.6和5.2mA/m2。在污水稀释比为2∶1、NaCl电解液浓度为0.4mol/L的情况下,微生物燃料电池系统的发电性能和净水效果达到最佳状态,稳态电流密度为8.8mA/m2,COD去除率为33.3%。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水的研究进展

综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在处理工业废水中的应用.壳聚糖及其衍生物可处理工业废水中的重金属离子,如Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）等;可处理含染料的工业废水,如处理直接紫B、直接绿BE以及甲基橙等染料;还可用于处理印染、造纸和含油废水.壳聚糖及其衍生物具有易分离、可生物降解,无污染等特点,是绿色的水处理剂,且我国壳聚糖资源极为丰富,探索其在工业废水处理中的应用有着重要的价值.     

Removal of pharmaceutical residues in a pilot wastewater treatment plant

Concern is growing over the contamination of the environment with pharmaceutical residues, among which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most abundant groups. Their widespread appearance in the aquatic environment is because of their high consumption and their incomplete removal during wastewater treatment. Because effective operation of wastewater-treatment plants is important for minimising the release of xenobiotic compounds, for example pharmaceutical products, into the aquatic environment, our study focuses on removal of commonly used NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac) and clofibric acid in a specially designed small-scale pilot wastewater treatment plant (PWWTP). This study shows that, except for diclofenac, steady-rate removal of NSAIDs over a two-year monitoring period has been achieved. Elimination of the compounds in the PWWTP was ≥87% for ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen but only 49–59% for diclofenac. We also studied clofibric acid. Results after one month of operation revealed 30% elimination with no sign of adaptation by the biomass. Also described are degradation products of diclofenac, which we were able to identify because of the similarity of their mass spectra with those in the NIST library and by comparing the retention times of different compounds. Although the structures of these compounds were confirmed with a high probability (99%), we still need to compare the fragmentation of authentic compounds with degradation products formed under our experimental conditions. Degradation products of ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and clofibric acid were found but these must be identified by use of high-resolution mass spectrometry and analysis of authentic compounds.     

Investigating the presence of omeprazole in waters by liquid chromatography coupled to low and high resolution mass spectrometry: degradation experiments

Omeprazole is one of the most consumed pharmaceuticals around the world. However, this compound is scarcely detected in urban wastewater and surface water. The absence of this pharmaceutical in the aquatic ecosystem might be due to its degradation in wastewater treatment plants, as well as in receiving water. In this work, different laboratory‐controlled degradation experiments have been carried out on surface water in order to elucidate generated omeprazole transformation products (TPs). Surface water spiked with omeprazole was subjected to hydrolysis, photo‐degradation under both sunlight and ultraviolet radiation and chlorination. Analyses by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF MS) permitted identification of up to 17 omeprazole TPs. In a subsequent step, the TPs identified were sought in surface water and urban wastewater by LC–QTOF MS and by LC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole. The parent omeprazole was not detected in any of the samples, but four TPs were found in several water samples. The most frequently detected compound was OTP 5 (omeprazole sulfide), which might be a reasonable candidate to be included in monitoring programs rather than the parent omeprazole. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.