皂化提取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定油炸食品中5种多环芳烃

建立了皂化提取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定油炸食品中苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽及苯并[g,h,i]苝等5种多环芳烃的检测方法。油炸食品样品经皂化法处理,用正己烷提取,经浓缩处理后,用乙腈溶解,经高效液相色谱荧光定量检测。分离柱为Waters PAH C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm);流动相为水-乙腈体系,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长:苯并(a)蒽:λex=290 nm,λem=400 nm;其它4种目标物:λex=290 nm,λem=430 nm。不同基质样品中5种多环芳烃的定量限为0.1~0.6μg/kg。不同基质样品中5种多环芳烃的回收率为84.7%~106.3%,RSD为1.1%~3.2%(n=6),在相应浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。     

气相色谱/质谱法测定熏肉中的多环芳烃

建立了熏肉中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法。样品经正己烷-丙酮(体积比为1∶1)超声波提取、氧化铝柱净化后,用GC/MS分离测定。优化了25种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物的分离测定条件。结果 25种PAHs回收率范围为48.5%-106.5%;日内(n=7)相对标准偏差为3.75%-7.95%。方法具有灵敏度高、准确度好、能同时分离测定20余种多环芳烃化合物的优点,适合于熏肉中多环芳烃化合物的分析测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定橡胶及其制品中16种多环芳烃

经粉碎的橡胶样品用正已烷及丙酮(1+1)的混合溶剂萃取,所得萃取液蒸至近干后加入正己烷2 mL溶解残渣,将溶液经硅胶固相萃取柱分离并净化,吸附于柱上的多环芳烃用由正己烷及二氯甲烷(3+2)组成的淋洗液解吸,洗出液蒸至近干加入一定量的内标溶液使之溶解并用高效液相色谱法测定.选用LC-PAH色谱柱作固定相,用乙腈和水以不同比例混合的溶液作为流动相进行梯度淋洗,紫外检测器的测定波长为210 nm,以苝-d12作为内标进行定量测定,在优化的试验条件下16种多环芳烃可有效分离并测定.研究结果表明:16种多环芳烃的检出限(3S/N)、平均回收率及测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)依次在0.05～0.10 mg·L-1,65.1%～101.7%及1.8%～7.3%之间.     

高效液相色谱法测定河道底泥中的多环芳烃

用高效液相色谱法分离测定河道底泥中的多环芳烃，通过梯度淋洗使多种多环芳烃完全分离，并分别得到14种多环芳烃的检出限和线性范围，被试验的4种多环芳烃的回收率为94.1％～103．1％，相对标准偏差为1.00％。2．87％（n=7）。用该方法对小清河东营段的实际底泥样品中多环芳烃的含量进行了测定。     

竹炭固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用对环境水样中16种多环芳烃的测定

以竹炭为固相萃取吸附材料,考察了其对环境水样中16种多环芳烃的吸附富集能力,采用DB-35MS弹性石英毛细管色谱柱对16种多环芳烃进行分离,气相色谱-质谱联用法对多环芳烃进行定性及定量分析.结果表明,1 000 mg竹炭作为固相萃取吸附剂,10 mL二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂,上样速率5 mL/min,水样中甲醇体积分数为15%的条件下,16种多环芳烃有较好的回收率,竹炭固相萃取柱的穿透体积大于500 mL,通过实验比较竹炭的萃取回收率优于商品化的C18固相萃取柱.16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在10 ～500 ng/L范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好(苯并(k)荧蒽,苯并(a)芘,二苯并(a,h)蒽,苯并(g,h,i)苝为25 ～500 ng/L),相关系数为0.983 6 ～0.998 4.方法的检出限为0.6 ～8.0 ng/L,实际水样的加标回收率为67% ～113%,相对标准偏差为2.1% ～11.3%.通过对白沙河河水的分析表明,该方法能够满足实际水样的测定,竹炭可以作为固相萃取材料应用于水中16种多环芳烃的分析测定.     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法检测环境空气中的多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测环境空气中多环芳烃的方法,并利用同位素稀释法对多环芳烃进行了测定。将该方法应用于华南地区某大型石化企业周边环境空气中多环芳烃的检测,并与气相色谱-质谱方法进行了对比。结果表明,该方法的仪器检出限（0.01~0.15 μg/L）和定量限（0.03~1.5 μg/L）均优于气相色谱-质谱法（0.1~0.8 μg/L和0.3~3.5 μg/L）,并有更好的灵敏度与选择性。当利用气相色谱-质谱作为检测手段时,回收率指示物氘代菲和进样内标六甲基苯均受到了杂质的严重干扰,影响了定量结果的准确性,而三重四极杆串联质谱很好地解决了这些问题。实际样品分析时,标准曲线中16种多环芳烃相对响应因子的相对标准偏差为2.60%~15.6%,氘代化合物的回收率为55.2%~82.3%,空白加标样品的回收率为98.9%~111%,平行样品的相对标准偏差为6.50%~18.4%,采样空白含量范围为未检出~44.3 pg/m³,实验室空白含量范围为未检出~36.5 pg/m³。上述研究表明,分析环境空气中的多环芳烃时,气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱方法值得推广。     

分散固相萃取净化/高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿奶粉与米粉中15种多环芳烃

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定婴幼儿奶粉和米粉中15种多环芳烃的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,PSA分散固相萃取净化;乙腈-水梯度洗脱,Waters PAH专用柱分离,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。在最优条件下,15种多环芳烃均得到有效分离,线性范围为1.0~50μg/L,相关系数均大于0.995,方法检出限(LODs,S/N=3)为0.05~0.3μg/kg,回收率为86.5%~106.8%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为0.7%~7.5%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,适用于婴幼儿奶粉和米粉中多环芳烃的检测。     

pH侬赖型脂肪酸辅助的分散液-液微萃取与高效液相色谱仪联用测定水样中3种多环芳烃

建立了pH依赖型脂肪酸辅助的分散液-液微萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定水中菲、芘、苊3种多环芳烃(PAHs)的新方法。对影响前处理方法的因素进行了考察,在55μL正庚酸、50μL 28%(质量分数)浓氨水、500μL 98%(质量分数)浓硫酸、离心时间3 min的萃取条件下,采用Diamonsil C_(18)柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,乙腈-水等度洗脱的方式测定了自来水、井水和海水样品中的3种多环芳烃。结果显示,3种多环芳烃在20～500μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不小于0.999 3,3种目标化合物的检出限为9.18～13.11μg/L。实际样品中3种多环芳烃在3个浓度水平的加标回收率为87.9%～110%,RSD均不大于3.0%。该方法将脂肪酸作为萃取剂,与HPLC联用实现了多环芳烃的富集与检测,为环境水样中多环芳烃的检测提供了新的前处理方法。方法简便、快速,实验过程仅需6 min即可实现水样中多环芳烃的定量测定。     

高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外串联测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

采用高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外检测器串联测定土壤中16种多环芳烃。通过液相色谱柱、荧光激发和发射波长等条件的优化,实现16种多环芳烃组分基线完全分离来和15种多环芳烃荧光高灵敏度检测,并通过荧光-紫外串联检测来提高定性的准确度等。在优化的实验条件下,荧光检测器的检出限为0.015~0.8μg/L;紫外检测器检出限为0.4~30μg/L;方法精密度为0.58%~1.36%(荧光)、1.13%~5.48%(紫外);样品加标回收率为76.4%~111%。     

HPLC/FLD法测定环境样品和食品中的苯并[а]芘

样品用环己烷提取,提取液经硅镁型吸附剂-氧化铝柱净化后上机分析.色谱条件:Ultimate-C18柱,梯度洗脱,A相为水-乙腈(体积比40 : 60),B相为乙腈,荧光检测器(λex=350 nm,λem=430 nm).在此色谱条件下,比较了Waters-PAHs(多环芳烃)柱与Ultimate-C18柱分离16种PAHs(多环芳烃)的异同,发现苯并[a]芘在Ultimate-C18柱上与其他多环芳烃同样有良好的分离效果.仪器检出限为2 pg,方法检出限:气体样品0.1 ng/m3;水样0.2 ng/L;食用油0.2 μg/kg;海洋生物、陆地生物、家禽等生物样品为0.02 μg/kg.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.