大分子拥挤条件下光诱导细胞色素C还原的光谱研究

稀溶液中高铁细胞色素C（ferric cytochrome c,Fe（Ⅲ）-Cyt c）能被光照还原成亚铁细胞色素C（ferrous cytochrome c,Fe（Ⅱ）-Cyt c）,但这一研究忽略了生物体细胞的真实环境是高度拥挤的,因此采用紫外可见、同步荧光及圆二色谱光谱法研究了大分子拥挤环境中光诱导Cyt c的还原过程及其对外界环境的依赖情况. UV-Vis光谱和同步荧光光谱结果表明,拥挤试剂葡聚糖70（Dextran70）和聚蔗糖70（Ficoll70）的加入利于Cyt c光还原的进行,且Ficoll70存在时Cyt c光还原程度远高于Dextran70存在时;Dextran70和Ficoll70环境中光诱导Cyt c还原的最适温度分别为37 ℃和25 ℃,定波长280 nm光照射利于Cyt c还原;Cyt c的光还原程度随着Dextran70浓度增加而增大,Ficoll70环境中Cyt c的最适光还原浓度为100 g·L^-1;拥挤环境下Met,Trp,Tyr和Phe的存在对光诱导Cyt c的还原过程依Phe> Tyr> Trp> Met顺序有催化促进作用;CD光谱结果表明光照射稀溶液中Cyt c蛋白还原后,其α-螺旋含量降低,β-折叠含量升高,而光照射拥挤环境中Cyt c还原后蛋白的二级结构基本没变化. 结果表明拥挤试剂具有稳定蛋白质二级结构的作用,且影响光还原Cyt c的电子传递过程及效率.     

手性Salen FeⅢ配合物与咪唑配体轴配反应热力学

手性Salen FeⅢ配合物与咪唑配体轴配反应热力学;手性Salen FeⅢ配合物; 热力学; 圆二色光谱     

μ-联硫六羰基二铁与芳炔基Grignard试剂加成反应的研究 - “开环”和“闭环”铁硫原子簇配合物的合成、结构及形成机理

芳炔基溴化镁断裂μ-S2Fe2(CO)6的S-S键生成“开环”中间物(μ-ArC≡CS)(μ-BrMgS)Fe(CO)6D及“闭环”中间物μ-[S(Ar)C=C(MgBr)S]Fe2(CO)6E的平衡混合物. 该混合物用Cp(CO)2FeI或某些卤代物处理后生成相应的“开环”铁硫配合物;用CF3CO2H, HBr气体及CH3HgCl处理则得相应“闭环”铁硫配合物; 在与易消除卤化氢的卤代烃反应时也生成“闭环”配合物, 这类卤代烃可能是按消除HX过程而起作用; 对可能的机理进行了讨论.     

草酸根桥联的CuⅡ2FeⅢ、NiⅡ2FeⅢ、CoⅡ2FeⅢ异三核配合物的合成、表征及抗菌活性

合成了7种草酸根桥联的CuⅡ2FeⅢ、NiⅡ2FeⅢ、CoⅡ2FeⅢ异三核配合物[M2Fe(C2O4)3Lx](ClO4),(M=Cu,L=bpy,Me2phen,NO2phen,x=2;M=Ni,Co,L=bpy,Me2phen,x=4).经元素分析、摩尔电导和磁性的测定以及红外光谱和电子光谱等方法对这些配合物进行了表征,确定了配合物的组成和结构.初步生物活性试验表明形成异三核配合物后其杀菌活性明显提高.     

用同步荧光光谱法定量测定细胞色素C

采用同步荧光光谱技术研究了细胞色素C(Cyt C)的同步荧光光谱特性,发现在波长差Δλ=20nm时表现为酪氨酸(Tyr)残基的荧光峰,在Δλ=80nm时为色氨酸(Try)残基的荧光峰。同时考察了浓度对Cyt C同步荧光光谱的影响,为Cyt C的定量测定打下基础。     

细胞色素C的薄层光谱电化学研究

细胞色素C(Cyt. C)在电极界面上的电子传递十分缓慢,只有在适当的电子迁移中介体(Mediator)或促进剂(Promoter)参与下才能以较快的速度进行反应,本文报道了以4,4′-二硫基联吡啶(PySSPy)作电极反应促进剂,用薄层光谱电化学技术研究细胞色素C在金微网栅薄层透光电极界面上的电化学过程,测定了电极反应的热力学参数E~(o′)及n,并与循环伏     

稀土叶绿素a配合物(RE=La,Ce,Eu,Y)的合成及表征

在丙酮溶液中分别合成了叶绿素a镧、叶绿素a铈、叶绿素a铕和叶绿素a钇等稀土叶绿素a配合物 ,并研究了它们的紫外可见光谱 (UV Vis)和Fourier红外光谱 (FT IR)。稀土叶绿素a配合物的UV Vis谱均呈现Soret带分裂 ,Oy( 0→ 0 ) 带紫移 ,其它Q带消失的特征。这类配合物的FT IR谱与叶绿素a(含镁 )的光谱性质极为相似 ,但与脱镁叶绿素a的光谱性质差异很大。证明了La3 ,Ce3 ,Eu3 ,Y3 均可以配位到脱镁叶绿素的卟啉环上 ,形成稀土叶绿素a的配合物。叶绿素a镧的MCD谱在Soret带有特殊峰 ,表明叶绿素a镧是三明治夹心配合物。     

无氧条件下Pd/CeO2催化剂表面NH3还原NO过程中N2O形成机理研究

氮氧化物(NO_x,主要包括NO和NO_2)是主要的大气污染物之一,造成酸雨,光化学烟雾和臭氧层破坏等环境问题,甚至直接危害人体健康.化石燃料燃烧和汽车尾气排放是NO_x的主要来源,严格控制火力发电厂,大型锅炉,汽车尾气等污染源中NO_x的排放刻不容缓.以NH_3为还原剂选择性催化还原NO_x(NH_3-SCR)是目前公认的最有效的NO_x脱除技术,然而在催化NO_x还原为N_2的过程中往往伴随着副产物N_2O的生成,降低了催化剂的选择性,造成温室气体效应和破坏臭氧层等环境问题.因此充分理解NH_3-SCR过程中N_2O的形成机理对于抑制N_2O的产生、提高催化剂的选择性十分重要.本文将高度分散的Pd纳米团簇负载在Ce O_2纳米棒上制成Pd/Ce O_2催化剂,结合NH_3-TPD, NO-TPD和原位傅里叶转换红外光谱等表征手段研究了无氧条件下该催化剂上利用NH_3催化还原NO过程中N_2O的产生路径.结果表明, N_2O的形成途径与反应温度和反应气体的浓度相关.当反应气体中NH_3含量大于化学计量比时,在反应温度低于200°C时,由NH_3活化产生的吸附态H·自由基与催化剂表面吸附的NO反应先生成中间产物HON,两个HON分子进一步反应生成N_2O;过量的吸附态的H·自由基也可以与HON反应生成N_2,所以低温下(200°C)随着反应气氛中NH_3的增加,解离生成的H·也随之增加,促进反应向着生成N_2的方向进行,从而抑制了N_2O的产生.随着反应温度增加, NH_3解离产生的H·被CeO_2表面的O捕获形成羟基,中间产物HON的生成被切断,从而阻断了N_2O的生成.同时由于体系中含有大量的NH_3,吸附态的NO会优先与活化态的NH_3物种反应生成N_2,阻碍了NO解离生成N_2O这一过程的发生,因此NH_3过量情况下在高温下观察不到N_2O的产生,可获得100%的N_2选择性.但是当反应气体中的NH_3含量不足时,即体系中含有过量的NO,当反应温度高于250°C, NO可在催化剂表面解离生成吸附态的N·自由基和O·自由基, N·自由基可进一步与吸附态的NO反应生成N_2O, NO的解离是N_2O生成的速控步,还原性吸附物种对O·自由基的捕捉将有利于N_2O的生成.当反应温度介于200–250°C, NH_3解离产生的H·自由基既可以与NO结合生成HON中间产物,又能被CeO_2表面的O捕获形成羟基,两个反应之间存在竞争,此时N_2O产生与反应气体浓度之间的关系不再呈单调变化.     

胞嘧啶稀土配合物的振动光谱和结构研究

在无水体系中首次合成三种胞嘧啶稀土配合物Ln(Cyt)2(NO3)3(Ln=La, Ce, Gd)。振动光谱的实验频谱分析以及SAS值和量子化学计算结果, 表明该系列配合物以两个胞嘧啶分子在N(3)和C(2)=O(1)位同稀土配位, 两个硝酸根双齿配位, 形成八配位稀土配合物, 属C2h分子点群。     

双核铁配合物模拟甲烷单加氧酶催化烃类的分子氧氧化

以 [Fe2 Dhist(OAc) 2 ]BPh4·3H2 O为模型配合物、Zn粉为电子给体、HOAc为质子给体、甲基紫精 (MV2 +)为电子传递剂作为甲烷单加氧酶 (MMO)模拟体系在室温下实现了分子氧的还原活化和烃类的分子氧氧化 ,并用电子顺磁共振 (EPR)研究了分子氧的络合和活化过程 .结果表明 ,苯乙烯主要生成环氧苯乙烷 ( 1 396mol/1 0 0molFe2 配合物 )、苯甲醛 ( 1 6 1 6 0 )和苯乙酮 ( 986 ) ;环己烷生成环己醇 ( 9370 )和环己酮 ( 2 6 70 ) .FeⅣFeⅣ O是反应的活性中间体 ,由FeⅢFeⅢ 经还原、载氧、质子化形成 ,并与CC或C—H作用分别得到各氧化产物 .反应现象、EPR研究和产物分布与蚯蚓血红蛋白、MMO的有关过程十分相似 ,是一个良好的MMO模型体系 .相应的Mn2 ,FeZn及单Fe核配合物无活性 ,表明Fe2 核对产生催化活性是必需的 .     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.