Rh6G流动注射法在线快速测定食盐中的碘

根据KIO3与过量的KI在盐酸中反应生成I3-,I3-进一步与罗丹明6G(Rh6G)生成离子型缔合物,从而使整个体系的吸光度显著降低,提出了流动注射法测定食盐中碘含量(以碘酸根计)的方法。实验对泵管、反应圈、进样环及显色体系中各物质的浓度进行了试验及优化。在常温下,当碘化钾浓度为0.01 mol·L-1、盐酸浓度为0.1 mol·L-1、Rh6G浓度为0.004 g·L-1时,实验条件最佳,方法的线性范围为40~800μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为13μg·L-1,用于食盐中碘含量的测定,回收率在98.6%~101.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=12)为0.93%(400μg·L-1的碘酸根)。     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定微量碘

基于在稀磷酸介质中,痕量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化甲基红的的阻抑作用,提出了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学分光光度分析的方法.测定碘离子的线性范围在0.66 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3Sb/K)为7.5×10-6g·L-1.用于海带及食盐中微量碘的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%～2.2%之间,测得方法的回收率为99.7%～100.1%.     

苯胺蓝增色光度法测定食盐中的碘

在H2SO4介质中,KIO3与苯胺蓝反应增色程度与IO3-量在一定范围内呈线性关系,从而建立了增色光度法测定碘的新方法.实验结果表明,该体系最大吸收波长为603 nm,IO3-在0.91～4.55 μg/L范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.00×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.本法可直接测定食盐中的碘.     

吸光光度法测定微量碘

对于微量碘的测定,目前报道的方法有很多,这些方法都是在一定条件下将I~-氧化为IO_3~-,再加碘化钾吸出碘,用硫代硫酸钠标准液滴定,消除过量氧化剂和减少滴定带来的误差.在以往的方法中还有砷-铈比色法,此法条件严格,操作繁琐.四氯化碳萃取比色法较麻烦且试剂易挥发、有毒害.因此本法建立了无污染、不需消除过量氧化剂的双氧水氧化比色法,该方法可应用于加碘化钾碘盐的定量监测.1 试验部分1.1 主要仪器与试剂72型分光光度计(上海分析仪器厂)碘化钾标准液:100μg·ml~(-1),准确称取碘化钾(GR)0.1308g溶于水,定容至1L.氯化钠溶液:200g·L~(-1),称取氯化钠(GR)100.0g溶于水,定容至500ml.淀粉溶液:10g·L~(-1),称取淀粉1g,加入水5ml搅拌成浑浊液,再缓慢倒入沸水50ml,然后加入甘油至100ml,加热并微沸片刻,此淀粉溶液可保存数     

在线化学蒸气发生ICP-AES法测定水中痕量碘

建立了抗坏血酸-亚硝酸钠-ICP-AES测定水中痕量碘(I-+IO3-)的方法。采用自制的化学蒸气发生器,通过在线化学蒸气发生技术进样提高了灵敏度,选用183.038nm作为分析线消除了磷的干扰,检出限为4.0μg.L-1,样品加标回收率在90.6%~105.0%之间,RSD(n=6)在8%以内。     

用维多利亚蓝BO作显色剂光度法测定微量碘

在盐酸溶液中,且在溴水的存在下,试样溶液中的碘化物离子转化为IO3-,加入甲酸钠溶液除去多余的溴后加入过量碘化物(以KI形式加入)使与IO3-反应释出I2且与过量I-离子络合形成I3-。在pH 2左右的磷酸-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液中并在非离子表面活性剂OP存在下,I3-络阴离子与维多利亚蓝BO(VB-BO)反应生成呈艳蓝色的离子缔合物,吸收峰在580 nm波长处。表观摩尔吸光系数为1.84×105L.mol-1.cm-1。碘化物浓度在0~0.5 mg.L-1范围内遵守比耳定律。应用此法测定食盐中微量碘,试验结果的RSD均小于2%,回收率在98.7%至100.6%之间。     

热解吸收-冷原子荧光光谱法测定水泥中痕量汞

将热解吸收技术应用于冷原子荧光光谱法测定水泥样品中痕量汞含量。采用自制的石英管加热550℃处理样品,用0.01mol·L-1高锰酸钾溶液作为吸收液吸收释放出的汞蒸气,用盐酸羟胺还原过量的高锰酸钾后直接进样测定。试验中优化了仪器的工作参数和试验条件。分析中采用载气及屏蔽气的流量依次为400mL.min-1及1 000mL.min-1。荧光强度与汞的质量浓度在2μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3σ)为0.020μg·L-1。应用此法分析土壤标准样品(GBW 07405),测定值(0.30μg.g-1)与证书值(0.29±0.03μg.g-1)相符;方法用于测定水泥中汞含量,加标回收率在97.0%～107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～4.1%之间。     

高锰酸钾-甲醛-碘化学发光新体系的研究

在甲醛存在下 ,高锰酸钾在酸性溶液中可以氧化碘离子 ,产生很强的化学发光。根据这一发现 ,采用流动注射技术 ,建立了利用高锰酸钾 -甲醛 -碘化学发光体系测定碘的化学发光分析法。方法的检出限为 1 .8× 1 0 -8g/m L,相对标准偏差为 1 .3% (1 .0× 1 0 -6g/m L ,n=1 1 ) ,线性范围为 1 .0× 1 0 -7～ 8.0× 1 0 -6g/m L。方法已用于食品中碘含量的测定。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定天然水及化妆品中痕量铅

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法应用于天然水及化妆品中痕量铅的测定,对分析的条件进行了试验并予以优化,所用的铁氰化钾在配制溶液时须用酸洗的活性碳处理以除去试剂中可能存在的包括铅在内的杂质.在0.25 mol·L-1的硝酸介质中,当硼氢化钾浓度为30 g·L-1时,荧光强度与铅(Ⅱ)浓度之间在1 000 μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,其检出限为0.62 μg·L-1,在此浓度区间,测得的RSD值(n=8)在1.25%～1.29%之间,所得的回收率试验的结果在90.4%～104.4%之间.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定饮用水中碘酸根和碘离子

提出了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定饮用水中碘酸根和碘离子的方法。饮用水样品通过Dionex IonPac AS14阴离子交换柱及AG14保护柱分离碘酸根和碘离子,用50mmol.L-1碳酸铵溶液(用氨水调至pH 9.9)作流动相进行淋洗。于洗脱液中用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分别测定碘酸根和碘离子的含量,两者的线性范围均为0.20～300μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.09μg.L-1和0.13μg.L-1。以饮用水为基体加入两个不同浓度水平的标准溶液按方法分析后,求得方法的回收率及精密度为①碘酸根回收率在100.5%～113.0%,相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.2%～2.8%之间;②碘离子回收率在101.9%～110.7%,相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.3%～2.0%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。