平面型卟啉类衍生物吸收光谱的密度泛函计算

用于光动力疗法（PDT）中的光敏剂是一类吸收一定波长的光后达到激发三重态,然后将三重态能量转移给生物体内的氧分子使得基态氧激发为单线态氧的一类物质。目前,临床应用的光敏剂大部分是以卟啉为主的平面型分子。平面分子一般具有较大的共轭键,被光激发后系间窜跃小,三重态寿命较长,因此可以获得高产率的单线态氧。然而临床使用的这类光敏剂吸收波长位于紫外区域,照射光会对人体组织造成光损伤,因此改善临床光敏剂光毒性特征,合成具有可见光区域吸收波段的光敏剂是光动力疗法研究的重要内容之一。该研究依据密度泛函(DFT)及其含时理论(TD-DFT),对三类平面型卟啉衍生物[耳坠型卟啉(a), 三磺酸基酞菁(b), 三磺酸基酞菁合Ni(Ⅱ)(c)]的基态和激发态性质进行了严格的密度泛函计算。几何优化计算显示：分子(a)的最稳定构型中,所有原子都处于一个平面,分子直径大约是7 Å, 分子空穴达到5 Å。分子(b)所有的原子也处于同一平面,分子直径达到8 Å,但是分子空穴只有4 Å。分子(c)的最稳定构型与平面结构发生了偏离,这是由于金属Ni的四配位倾向形成变形四面体,分子的空穴变得更小。几何优化结果说明耳坠型卟啉分子大的空穴有助于其捕获更多的基态氧并进行能量传递。前线轨道能量和轨道布局计算显示：耳坠型分子(a)最高占据能量是最高的,即电子更易被激发。三类分子的最高占据轨道与最低空轨道的能级间隔分别为0.072, 0.076和0.075 a.u.,可以看出耳坠型分子(a)有最低的能级间隙。从轨道布局来看,三类分子中所有原子的p轨道参与了共轭大π键的形成,其中分子(c)中金属d轨道也参与了大π键的形成。对三类分子的吸收光谱进行了模拟,三类分子都具有卟啉特有的Soret带和Q带。(a)分子Q带位于450～900 nm,(b)分子和(c)分子的Q带位于400～800 nm, 其中(a)分子的最大吸收波段是939 nm。该研究从分子结构,轨道能量以及吸收光谱对三类卟啉类光敏剂的微观特性进行了理论计算和讨论,研究结果将为发现和开发近红外吸收的卟啉类高效光敏剂提供理论依据。     

Si6N2团簇结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论（DFT）中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法，在6—31G（d）的水平上对Si6N2团簇的可能结构进行了几何结构优化和电子结构计算，得到了16个可能的异构体．Si6N2团簇的最稳定结构是有4个Si-N键和4个Si—Si键的三维结构．自然键轨道方法分析成键性质的结果表明，Si—N键中Si原子向N原子有较大的电荷转移，因此Si-N原子间有较强的电相互作用；最强的IR和Raman谱峰分别位于1359．14cm^-1和1366．29cm^-1处；并计算了Si6N2团簇的最稳定结构的极化率和超极化率．     

氢卟啉, N-/Neo-混杂卟啉结构和吸收光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

卟啉类化合物是一类重要的光化学材料,其衍生物特殊的光电特性在各个领域中得到了广泛的应用。利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了(free base porphyrin, FBP)及其异构体(neo-confused porphyrin, NECP)和(n-confused porphyrin, NCP)三种卟啉环的几何结构和分子轨道能级。采用TDDFT方法计算真空和溶剂场极化连续模型下三者的吸收光谱。计算表明由于N原子位置变化,FBP,NECP和NCP在Soret带和Q带两个特征吸收峰也有不同。按FBP,NECP和NCP顺序,分子轨道能级LUMO依次降低,HOMO轨道依次升高,从而造成吸收光谱红移。HOMO和HOMO-1轨道能级的分裂造成了FBP和NECP的Soret带的多个吸收峰,而NCP的LUMO和LUMO+1 的能级差与其HOMO和HOMO-1能级差几乎相等造成Soret带只有一个最高吸收峰。计算结果表明不同溶剂(苯、氯仿、乙腈和水)条件下三者的Soret带和Q带特征吸收峰均有显著变化。为此重点讨论了N原子位置的变化及在不同性质溶剂下FBP,NCP和NECP三类化合物Soret带/Q带吸收光谱性质的变化规律和机理。     

密度泛函理论研究具有手性侧链的卟啉液晶分子几何结构与电子光谱

采用量子化学密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-31G水平上对具有手性侧链的卟啉液晶分子进行几何结构优化,在此基础上使用含时密度泛函理论方法计算了分子第一激发态的电子垂直跃迁能,得到最大吸收波长λmax.计算表明,手性侧链取代基对λmax的影响不大,Zn络合导致最大吸收波长兰移,与实验结果一致.     

Si6N2团簇结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)的水平上对Si6N2团簇的可能结构进行了几何结构优化和电子结构计算,得到了16个可能的异构体.Si6N2团簇的最稳定结构是有4个Si-N键和4个Si-Si键的三维结构.自然键轨道方法分析成键性质的结果表明,Si-N键中Si原子向N原子有较大的电荷转移,因此Si-N原子间有较强的电相互作用;最强的IR和Raman谱峰分别位于1359.14cm-1和1366.29cm-1处;并计算了Si6N2团簇的最稳定结构的极化率和超极化率.     

氯化四苯基铁卟啉和氯化四全氟代苯基铁卟啉的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函B3LYP／STO-3G*和B3LYP／6-31G*方法对血红素模拟物分子铁卟啉分子Fe(TPP)Cl和Fe(TPPF20)Cl进行了几何结构优化和单点能量计算,对它们的分子轨道、电荷密度和自旋密度分布做了详细分析．数据表明,有部分自旋电子由Fe原子向卟啉环转移,同时有部分自旋与Fe原子3d轨道上单电子自旋相反的电子由卟啉环向Fe原子迁移．两个铁卟啉分子的最高占有轨道结构相似,电子和自旋在卟啉环与Fe原子之间的转移是由于Fe-卟啉环间的π键和σ键相互作用引起的,氯化四全氟代苯基铁卟啉分子中的这种转移更强一些、稳定性更强一些．另外,还根据分子轨道对称性讨论了催化活化分子O2的机理．     

质子与羟基碰撞的含时密度泛函理论研究

采用将含时密度泛函理论和分子动力学非绝热耦合的方法,研究了不同入射速度下质子与羟基碰撞的反应动力学.计算了碰撞前后质子动能和羟基动能的变化及羟基电子和质子的运动.计算结果表明,质子沿垂直羟基分子轴方向入射时,质子与羟基碰撞后,质子被反弹且动能损失并俘获了羟基中氧的一部分电子,而丢失部分电子的羟基则获得动能以伸缩振动的形式向计算边界平动.随着入射质子的初动能增加,质子从羟基中俘获的电子增多,碰撞后羟基的键长变长,羟基振动变强而伸缩振动频率降低.此外,还发现质子的入射方向对碰撞过程的激发动力学有很大的影响.质子从不同的方向入射时,质子的入射初动能越大,其损失的动能越多且损失的动能与入射初动能呈线性关系,而入射方向对质子动能损失的影响很小.在质子入射初动能较低(小于25 eV)的情况下,羟基获得的动能与质子入射初动能呈线性关系且与入射方向无关;在质子入射初动能较高(大于25 eV)时,当质子沿羟基分子轴方向入射时,羟基动能的增量远大于质子沿垂直于羟基分子轴方向入射时羟基动能的增量.     

CdS掺Mg和Ni电子结构和光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对闪锌矿结构CdS和CdS∶M(M=Mg,Ni)几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度和光学性质进行了系统的研究。几何结构研究对掺杂后体系晶格常量进行了优化计算,结果表明Mg和Ni原子掺入CdS后晶格常量均减小,晶格发生局部畸变。进一步研究了掺杂对体系电子结构的影响,能带结构和电子态密度分析表明由于Ni 3d电子的引入使CdS∶Ni成为半金属铁磁半导体,而Mg 3s电子的引入CdS∶Mg带隙变宽。另外,体系掺杂后,吸收系数分析表明掺杂导致吸收峰在可见光波长区域变化显著,且掺Ni导致吸收峰进一步向长波方向移动。     

含时密度泛函理论及应用的最新发展

密度泛函理论在材料计算研究领域得到了广泛的应用,然而它无法处理含时问题和材料的激发态性质。Runge-Gross定理奠定了含时密度泛函理论的基础,为研究这两类问题提供了有效的手段。经过三十多年的发展,含时密度泛函已被应用到量子化学、材料计算等多个领域,人们也更加了解其优势和不足。目前,含时密度泛函理论和方法仍在迅速发展。本文简要回顾含时密度泛函方法的发展历史,介绍近年来含时密度泛函在理论和应用方面的一些重要进展,总结当前在含时密度泛函领域存在的重要难题以及面临的挑战,展望其发展方向和趋势。     

功能化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝染料吸附的密度泛函理论研究

由于染料在食品,印刷,纺织等行业的广泛应用,水中的染料被广泛发现,染料污染是造成水污染的重要原因之一,因此,对于水中染料进行前处理变得尤为重要.石墨烯和功能化石墨烯的吸附性能可以被应用于水中染料的检测和去除.本研究采用密度泛函理论方法详细探讨了纯石墨烯和功能化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝有机染料污染物的吸附机理.研究结果表明,纯的石墨烯和功能化石墨烯表面对亚甲基蓝染料均有一定程度的吸附,其中环氧原子,羧基和羟基功能化的石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力较纯石墨烯吸附能力强,其次是环氧,羧基和羟基三者共同功能化的石墨烯吸附能力最强.研究结果有望为石墨烯材料在有机染料的吸附应用方面提供有意义的理论指导.     

DFT and TD-DFT study on structure and properties of organic dye sensitizer TA-St-CA

The geometry, electronic structure, polarizability and hyperpolarizability of organic dye sensitizer TA-St-CA, which contains a π-conjugated oligo-phenylenevinylene unit with an electron donor–acceptor moiety, was studied using density functional theory (DFT), and the electronic absorption spectrum was investigated via time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) with several hybrid functionals. The calculated geometry indicates that the strong conjugated effects are formed in the dye. The TD-DFT results show that the hybrid functional PBE1PBE and MPW1PW91 are more suitable than B3LYP for calculating electronic absorption spectra. The features of electronic absorption spectra were assigned on account of the qualitative agreement between the experiment and the calculations. The absorption bands in visible and near-UV region are related to photoinduced electron transfer processes, and the diphenylaniline group is major chromophore that contributed to the sensitization, and the interfacial electron transfer are electron injection processes from the excited dyes to the semiconductor conduction band. Compared with the similar dye D5, the good performance of TA-St-CA in dye-sensitized solar cells may be resulted from the higher energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the larger oscillator strengths for the most excited states with intramolecular electron transfer character.     

DFT and TD-DFT approach for the analysis of NLO and OLED applications of 9-anthraldehyde

The geometric parameters characterization and ground state energies for 9-anthraldehyde have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT). NBO analysis has been done on the same level to investigate the hyper conjugative interaction. HF/6-31G (d) method is adopted to calculate the first order hyperpolarizability (β). Frontier molecular orbital analysis has also been done in support of β. The excited state energies, as well as absorption wavelengths, are computed using time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT). For the emission wavelength the excited state geometry optimization has been carried out using configuration interaction singlets (CIS). The emission wavelength has been calculated in TD-DFT approach. The theoretical data so obtained is analyzed for the applications of NLO and OLED. One of the important conclusions from our study is that this material is suitable for both the applications. The macroscopic second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency has also been identified through Kurtz–Perry powder technique.     

Pressure effects on structural,electronic, absorption,and thermodynamic properties of crystalline 2,4,6‐triamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine‐1‐oxide: A DFT study

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the structural, electronic, absorption, and thermodynamic properties of crystalline 2,4,6‐triamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine‐1‐oxide (TANPyo) in the pressure range of 0–50 GPa. The variation trends of the lattice constants, bond lengths, bond angles, intramolecular H‐bonds, and dihedral angles under compression show that there are two structural transformations at 17 and 38 GPa, respectively. The remarkable changes in the bond lengths indicate that there are two possible initiation decomposition mechanisms of TANPyo under compression. As the pressure increases, the intramolecular H‐bond strengthens. The obvious changes of the dihedral angles show that the planar structure of the TANPyo molecule is damaged under compression. Its absorption spectra show that as the pressure increases, the absorption coefficient of the N–H stretching decreases, while that of the O–H stretching increases. TANPyo has relatively high optical activity at high pressure. An analysis of thermodynamic properties indicates that both two structural transformations are endothermic and not spontaneous at room temperature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Benzotriazole-based dyes containing a low band gap for dye-sensitised solar cells: a theoretical study

In this study, we investigated a series of metal-free benzotriazole-based organic dyes. The geometries, electronic properties, light harvesting efficiency, and electronic absorption spectra of these dyes were studied using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The optimised geometries indicate that these dyes are non-planar and thereby effectively inhibit close intermolecular π–π aggregation. The band gap of these dyes ensures a positive effect on the process of electron injection and dye regeneration. The band gap trend corroborates well with the predicted spectra data. Our theoretical calculations reveal that the designed metal-free organic dyes can be used as potential sensitisers for solar cells compared to the best known organic sensitiser (Y123) to date.     

Optical properties of dye sensitized TiO2 nanowires from time‐dependent density functional theory

We present a computational study based on time‐dependent density functional theory of the optical absorption spectra of TiO₂ nanowires sensitized with organic dye molecules. We concentrate on catechol and squaraine dyes. For those molecules, we compute adsorption geometries and energies and investigate the optical properties of the combined dye– nanowire system. We find that although the molecules have qualitatively different optical spectra in the gas phase, both lead to an enhancement of the absorption in the visible frequency range when adsorbed on a nanowire.

     

Phonons in SiAs: Raman scattering study and DFT calculations

We present experimental Raman scattering results on single‐crystal silicon monoarsenide (SiAs). Based on a comparison between Raman measurements and first‐principles density functional theory calculations, we found evidence that SiAs will occur in a monoclinic crystal structure rather than an orthorhombic one as has been discussed in the literature. Further, we provide a detailed discussion of the vibrational properties of the monoclinic structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectral study on the molecular orientation of a tetracationic porphyrin dye on the surface of layered silicates

Tetracationic porphyrin dyes TMPyP and ZnPyP were intercalated into hydrophobized layered silicate films of three smectites. The smectites represented the layered silicate specimens of high (Fluorohectorite, Corning; FHT), medium (Kunipia F montmorillonite; KF) and low layer charge (Laponite, Laporte; LAP). The molecular orientations of the dye cations were studied by means of linearly-polarized ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The spectral analysis and consequent calculations of tilting angles of the transition moments at the wavelengths of Soret band transitions were in the range of 25°-35°. The determined angles indicated molecular orientation of the dye cations being almost parallel to the surface of the silicates. Slightly higher values (above 35°), determined for a FHT film, indicated either a slightly tilted orientation of the dye cations or the change of molecular comformation after the intercalation of the dye. Presented at 5-th International Conference Solid State Surfaces and Interfaces, November 19–24, 2006, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia     

基于密度泛函的伪麻黄碱拉曼光谱性质研究

研究伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱和吸附在纳米银基底上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),利用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311G++(d, p)方法对伪麻黄碱分子进行了计算,得到了分子构型信息和理论拉曼光谱,用Gaussview软件对分子振动模式进行了全面的归属,在伪麻黄碱的表面增强拉曼光谱中,采用了自组装方法获得了团簇银纳米表面增强基底,实现了很好的增强效应.实验结果表明：伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱计算结果和实验结果基本一致,理论计算为伪麻黄碱分子振动峰位的归属提供了重要的依据,伪麻黄碱分子与银纳米表面化学吸附,苯环垂直于纳米基底表面,研究结果为伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱检验分析提供了理论依据,也为苯丙胺类毒品的光谱分析研究提供了参考.     

DFT study on the structure and spectra of GasP5 cluster

In this paper, possible structures of GasP5 cluster were optimized by using density functional method with generalized gradient correction （B3LYP）. The electronic structure of the isomers with lower energy was studied. The most stable structure obtained for GasP5 is a distorted pentaprism. The Ga-P bond formed in the cluster is strongly ionic. Based on NBO analysis, an average value of 0.59 electron transfers from Gallium to Phosphorus. The bond length 2.33-2.43 is around the value in bulk GaP. The HOMO-LUMO gap is about 2.2 eV. The dipole moment and polarizability are calculated, and the IR and Raman spectra are also presented.     

DFT study of electronic structure and optical properties of some Ru- and Rh-based complexes for dye-sensitized solar cells

The paper reports Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD DFT) calculations providing the structure, electronic properties and spectra of [Ru(II)(bpy)_{3? n} (dcbpy) _n ]²⁺ and [Rh(III)(bpy)_{3? n} (dcbpy) _n ]³⁺ complexes, where bpy?=?2,2′-bipyridyl, dcbpy?=?4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl, and n?=?0,?1,?2,?3, studied as possible pigments for dye-sensitized solar cells. The role of the metallic ion and of the COOH groups on the optical properties of these complexes are compared and contrasted and their relevance as dyes for hybrid organic–inorganic photovoltaic cells is discussed. It was found that the optical spectra are strongly influenced by the metallic ion, with visible absorption bands for the Ru(II) complexes and only ultraviolet bands for the Rh(III) complexes. Upon excitation, the extra positive charge of the Rh³⁺ centre tends to draw electrons towards the metal ion, facilitating some charge transfer from the ligand to the metal, whereas in the case of the Ru²⁺ ion the electron transfer is clearly from the metal to the ligand. The carboxyl groups play an important role in strengthening the absorption bands in solution in the visible region. Of the complexes studied, the most suited as pigments for dye-sensitized solar cells are the [Ru(II)(bpy)_{3? n} (dcbpy) _n ]²⁺ complexes with n?=?1 and 2. This is based on the following arguments: (i) their intense absorption band in the visible region, (ii) the presence of the anchoring groups allowing the bonding to the TiO₂ substrate and the charge transfer, and (iii) the good energy level alignment with the conduction band edge of the semiconducting substrate and the redox level of the electrolyte.