Binding of naproxen to bovine serum albumin and tryptophan-modified bovine serum albumin

Two classes of binding sites, a single high-affinity site with an association constant of 4·8×10⁶ M⁻¹ and two low-affinity sites with association constant of about 0·05×10⁶ M⁻¹ have been observed in the interaction of Naproxen with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Chemical modification of two tryptophan residues in BSA with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide has led to a reduction in the association constant of the high-affinity site by 89% and its number of binding sites by 66% suggesting the involvement of tryptophan residues in the high-affinity site. In contrast, the two low-affinity sites were not affected by the modification. Binding of Naproxen to the low-affinity sites of BSA induces microdisorganisation of the albumin structure leading to conformational changes as evident from fluorescence measurements with 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulphonic acid as the probe.     

Binding interaction of gatifloxacin with bovine serum albumin.

The binding of gatifloxacin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and absorbance spectra, Further, the interactions influenced by Fe3+ and Cu2+ were also explored in this work. Based on Scatchard's site-binding model and florescence quenching, practical formulas for small molecule ligands to bio-macromolecules have been proposed. The binding parameters were measured according to suggested models, and the binding distance and the transfer efficiency of energy between gatifloxacin and BSA were also obtained in view of the F?rster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The effect of gatifloxacin on the conformation of BSA has also been analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

蒽醌及黄酮类化合物与牛血清白蛋白结合的反应研究

用离心超过滤法测定了十四种不同结构的蒽醌及黄酮类化合物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的结合常数和结合部位数目,发现这些化合物与BSA 的结合能力随其脂溶性增加而增大,龙胆苦苷不与BSA结合,研究了L-色氨酸,油酸与大黄素对BSA 的竞争结合反应,结果表明L-色氨酸和大黄素拥有一个相同的强结合部位,可以发生1:1 置换反应.低浓度油酸存在下使大黄素等同的6个结合部位区分为两类:n~1=2,n~2=4, 结合部位数目不变,但结合常数显著减小,油酸浓度足够大时,大黄素完全不与BSA结合,测得大黄素与BSA结合的△H≈0.根据上述结果,对蒽醌及黄酮类化合物与BSA结合反应的机理进行了初步探讨.     

Binding of oxovanadium(V) anion to bovine serum albumin,human serum albumin and bovine pancreatic trypsin

The binding of vanadium(V) to bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), and bovine pancreatic trypsin in the absence and presence of urea has been studied at different pH values and temperatures by spectrophotometric and equilibrium dialysis methods. The binding data were found to be pH and temperature dependent. The binding data at pH 5.57, studied by the absorbance method, were found approximately identical with those obtained from the equilibrium dialysis method at this pH. The enthalpy change at pH 5.57 for vanadium(V)-protein was −368.4 cal Mole⁻¹ for BSA, −328.8 cal Mole⁻¹ for HSA and −1372 cal Mole⁻¹ for trypsin respectively. The association constants and the number of binding sites were calculated from Scatchard plots and found to be at maximum at lower pH and at lower temperature. The free energy of the combining sites was lowest at higher pH and highest at low pH. Therefore, a lower temperature and a lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for interaction with vanadium(V) ions. Statistical effects seem to be more significant at lower vanadium(V) ion concentrations, and electrostatic effects more significant at higher concentrations.     

Binding of chloroquine-conjugated gold nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin

We have conjugated chloroquine, an anti-malarial, antiviral and anti-tumor drug, with thiol-functionalized gold nanoparticles and studied their binding interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. Gold nanoparticles have been synthesized using sodium borohydride as reducing agent and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid as thiol functionalizing ligand in aqueous medium. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed from the characteristic surface plasmon absorption band at 522 nm and transmission electron microscopy revealed the average particle size to be ~7 nm. Chloroquine was conjugated to thiolated gold nanoparticles by using EDC/NHS chemistry and the binding was analyzed using optical density measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chloroquine-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-Chl) were found to interact efficiently with BSA. Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the binding is driven by both enthalpy and entropy, accompanied with only a minor alteration in protein's structure. Competitive drug binding assay revealed that the GNP-Chl bind at warfarin binding site I in subdomain IIA of BSA and was further supported by Trp212 fluorescence quenching measurements. Unraveling the nature of interactions of GNP-Chl with BSA would pave the way for the design of nanotherapeutic agents with improved functionality, enriching the field of nanomedicine.     

蒽醌及黄酮类化合物与牛血清白蛋白结合的反应的光谱研究

用停留技术研究了大黄素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合反应的动力学.发现在25℃,pH10.0时结合在场100ms即可达到平衡.大黄素等7种蒽醌及黄酮类化合物与BSA 结合后,可见区最大吸收波长红移.吸收强度增加. 荧光光谱研究表明. 这些化合物对BSA荧光有很强的猝灭作用.根据猝灭结果, 求出了它们与BSA 的结合常数, 并基于Forster非辐射能量转移机理,计算了它们的第一结合部位与BSA中212- 色氨酸残基的距离.提出了蒽醌及黄酮类化合物与BSA形成复合物的结构模型.     

Aggregation of two carboxylic derivatives of porphyrin and their affinity to bovine serum albumin

Aggregation of two porphyrin derivatives with carboxylic groups, 4-oxo-4-((4-(10,15,20-triphenyl-21H,23H-porphin-5-yl)phenyl)amino)butanoic acid (MAC) and 4,4',4',4'-[21H,23H-porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayltetrakis(4,1-phenyleneimino)]tetrakis(4-oxo-butanoic acid) (TA4C), and their affinity to bovine serum albumin were investigated via absorption spectrometry, (1)H NMR and fluorescence spectrometry. MAC and its complexes with beta-cyclodextrin could form aggregates in an aqueous solution while TA4C was self-associated loosely. From the absorbance profiles of MAC in the titration of bovine serum albumin, hypochromicity was observed without any shift of the maximum absorbance wavelength. In both absorption spectra of TA4C in aqueous solutions and in solid state, three Q bands appeared in the visible region. In the measurements of absorption and fluorescence spectra upon titration of BSA, some spectral changes of TA4C were observed. The whole procedure of titration could be divided into three successive stages. The three-banded profiles of TA4C might be explained according to a loose dimer model.     

Binding of naproxen and amitriptyline to bovine serum albumin: biophysical aspects

Binding of the drugs naproxen (which is an anti-inflammatory) and amitriptyline (which is an anti-depressant) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), in combination with fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Naproxen is observed to bind more strongly to BSA than amitriptyline. The temperature-dependent ITC results indicate the interaction of one molecule of naproxen with more than one protein molecule. On the other hand, amitriptyline binds to BSA with a reaction stoichiometry that varies from 1:1.2 to 1:2.9. The van't Hoff enthalpy, which is calculated from the temperature dependence of the binding constant, agrees well with the calorimetric enthalpy in the case of naproxen binding to BSA, indicating adherence to a two-state binding process. However, their disagreement in the case of amitriptyline indicates conformational changes in the protein upon ligand binding, as well as with the rise in temperature. The spectroscopic results did not suggest appreciable conformational changes as a result of binding; hence, the discrepancy could be attributed to the temperature-induced conformational changes. With increases in the ionic strength, a reduction in the binding affinity of naproxen to BSA is observed. This suggests the prevailing electrostatic interactions in the complexation process. The preponderance of the hydrophobic interactions in the binding of amitriptyline to BSA is indicated by the absence of any dependence of the ionic strength. A predominance of electrostatic interactions in the case of naproxen binding to BSA and that of hydrophobic interactions in the case of amitriptyline binding to BSA is further strengthened by the results of the binding experiments performed in the presence of ionic and nonionic surfactants. The binding parameters indicate that Triton X-100 blocks the hydrophobic binding sites on BSA, thereby altering the binding affinity of amitriptyline toward BSA. A partial overlap of the binding sites for these drugs is indicated by the binding parameters obtained in the titration of naproxen to the amitriptyline-BSA complex and vice versa. Thus, the results provide a quantitative understanding of the binding of naproxen and amitriptyline to BSA, which is important in understanding their effect as therapeutic agents individually and in combination therapy.