Influence of Pr ions on the properties of Pd/SiO2 and Pt/SiO2 catalysts in oxidation of n-butane

It has been established that (M_VIII+Pr)/SiO₂ catalysts (M_VIII=Pd or Pt) obtained from organometallic precursors, have increased the dispersity of Pt, but their TN in deep oxidation of n-butane is by 3–6 times lower than that of unmodified M_VIII/SiO₂.

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(M_VIII+Pr)/SiO₂ ( M_VIII=Pd, Pt), , Pt, 3–6 - M_VIII/SiO₂.

     

Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the oxidation of sulfanilic acid by peroxomonophosphoric acid

Oxidation of sulfanilic acid to the corresponding azoxy derivative by peroxomonophosphoric acid (PMPA) has been studied in aqueous medium. The observed bell-shaped pH-rate profile has been rationalized on the basis of protonation of the amino group and ionization into different PMPA species and a suitable rate law has been proposed. The mechanism of oxidation involves the nucleophilic attack of nitrogen on the electrophilic peroxo oxygen.

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- (PMPA) . pH— , PMPA . .

     

Effect of medium composition on the monooxygenase activity of immobilized hemin in aniline oxidation

The effect of the composition of the reaction medium on the rate of aniline oxidation to p-aminophenol by hydrogen peroxide on hemin immobilized on -propylimidazole-modified silica has been studied. Organic solvent additives (alcohols, esters and nitriles) are shown to increase the reaction rate. The observed effect is attributed to the decrease of the medium dielectric constant.

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- , , --. , (, , ) . .

     

Some peculiarities in ESR spectra of titanium complexes in catalysts for isoprene polymerization in excess A1R3

It has been established that at low temperatures of TiCl₄+AOC catalyst preparation in solution (with Ti/Al1/15), ESR spectra exhibit rhombic anisotropy of the g-factor. Experiments with the sample having 61 % concentration of⁴⁷Ti isotopes suggest the formation of associates of Ti³⁺ with magnetic ordering, apparently due to the Jahn-Teller cooperative effect.

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TiCl₄+ AOC ( Ti/Al1/15) g-. ⁴⁷Ti (61%) Ti³⁺ , , -.

     

Determination of acid sites on carbon surface

Pyridine chemisorbed on acid sites of active carbon was displaced by n-butylamine and the displaced amount was measured spectrophotometrically. This amount, supposed to be proportional to the surface concentration of carboxy groups, depends on the chemical pretreatment of active carbon.

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, , . , , .

     

On the possibility of formation of Ti?Mo heteropolyacids on Ti?Mo catalysts

According to IR spectroscopic studies, a Ti–Mo heteropolyacid is formed on the surface of Ti–Mo catalysts prepared from ammonium paramolybdate and TiO₂.

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- , Ti–Mo TiO₂ Ti–Mo .

     

Tracer study of complete oxidation complexes in the oxidative dehydrogenation of butylene

A tracer technique using divinyl-¹⁴C was used to determine the butylene and divinyl contents in the surface complexes of complete oxidation during the oxidative dehydrogenation of butylenes over Bi–Mo, Fe–Sb and Fe₂O₃ catalysts. The rate of decomposition of the surface complexes was found to be independent of their relative butylene and divinyl content.

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–C¹⁴ Bi–Mo, Fe–Sb Fe₂O₃ ., .

     

Acid properties and stability of operation of vanadium catalysts in benzene oxidation to phenol

Catalytic properties of V₂O₅/SiO₂ in benzene oxidation by N₂O were examined. Sodium additive was shown to affect the catalyst operation stability.

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V₂O₅/SiO₂ N₂O. .

     

Ceramics — new applications in a traditional field of thermal analysis

Ceramics is by tradition one of the main fields of application for methods of thermal analysis. Changing technology and environmental problems have provided new reasons for the extensive use of highly-developed TA instrumentation. It is shown that TA can solve difficulties in production processes, provide new information for the optimum use of raw materials and select further fields of application for ceramics.

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Zusammenfassung Die Keramik ist traditionsgemäss ein Hauptanwendungsgebiet der thermoanalytischen Methoden. Veränderungen in der Technologie und in dem Umweltschutzproblemen geben neuen Anlass für die extensive Anwendung hochentwickelter TA-Geräte. Es wird gezeigt, dass die TA Schwierigkeiten im Produktionsprozess lösen kann, neue Informationen über den optimalen Gebrauch von Rohmaterialien liefert und weiters Anwendungsgebiete für die Keramik erschliesst.

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. . , TA .

     

Effect of the state of vanadium cations on the IR spectra of adsorbed carbon monoxide

ESR and IR-spectrosocpic studies of the effect of the state of vanadium ions on the IR-spectra of adsorbed CO have revealed complex formation of CO with V⁴⁺ (vCO at 2192 and 2205 cm^–1) and V³⁺ (vCO at 2178 and 2185 cm^–1) ions.

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-- - CO. CO V⁴⁺ (vCO 2192, 2205 cm^–1) V³⁺ (vCO 2178, 2185 cm^–1).

     

Kinetics of homogeneous hydrogenation of cyclohexene catalyzed by complexes of rhodium and iridium with a terdentate ligand

Complexes of the composition MC1HN (CH₂CH₂AsPh₂)₂ (M= =Rh(I), Ir(I) were used as catalysts for the homogeneous hydrogenation of cyclohexene over the temperature range 20–50 °C and 0.4 to 1 atm hydrogen partial pressure. The dependence of rate of hydrogenation on temperature, hydrogen concentration, catalyst concentration and substrate concentration is reported. The activation parameters of the reaction, H* and S* have been evaluated.

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MC1HN (CH₂CH₂AsPh₂)₂ (M=Rh(I) Ir(I) 20–50°C 0,4 1 atm. , , . H^* S^*.

     

Studies of immobilized V?P/SiO2 catalysts

It has been revealed by the ESR method that complexes of O ₂ ^– with palladium compounds are formed during the interaction of H₂O₂ with palladium acetate in various solutions.

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H₂O₂ O ₂ ^– .

     

Comparative study of single-crystal dehydration of LiCOOH.H2O and Li2SO4·H2O

The kinetics of isothermal dehydration of two crystal hydrates with equivalent water molecule sublattices (LiCOOH.H₂O and LiSO₄.H₂O) was investigated in vacuum with a quartz crystal microbalance, and the dynamics of structural reorganization of the substances was studied by the synchrotron radiation method. Differences were found both in the nucleation stage and in the stage of reaction interface advance. The results indicate that the kinetic behaviour of isothermal decomposition of solids is determined by the structural reorganization of a metastable intermediate.

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Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der isothermen Entwässerung zweier Kristallhydrate mit gleichartigen Teilgittern der Wassermoleküle wurde untersucht mittels isothermer TG im Vakuum und Synchrotron-Röntgenbeugung. Unterschiede zwischen beiden Materialien werden sowohl in der Keimbildungswie- wei in der Ausbreitungsphase gefunden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kinetik der isothermen Zersetzung fester Stoffe durch die strukturelle Reorganisation eines metastabilen Zwischenprodukts bestimmt wird.

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HCOOLi.H₂O Li₂SO₄.H₂O . , — . , . , .

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The authors would like to thank N. Kosova for experimental assistance.     

Interaction of methanol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of K2WO4/Al2O3

Kinetic data show that in the presence of K₂WO₄/Al₂O₃, methanethiol is largely produced by the reaction of H₂S with metanol and partly with dimethyl ether. Dimethyl sulfide is formed during the interaction of methanethiol with methanol, of H₂S with dimethyl ether and as a result of methanethiol disproportionation. Methane and carbon oxides are the decomposition products of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide and of methanol and dimethyl ether, respectively.

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, K₂WO₄/Al₂O₃ H₂S — . , H₂S . , — .

     

Chemiluminescent method to measure generation rates of active centers in reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hemin and pyridinehemichrome

A chemiluminescent method was used to measure generation rates of active intermediates in the interaction of hemin with hydrogen peroxide with and without pyridine at pH=8–9. The effect of various inhibitors in these two cases has been examined.

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pH=8+9. .

     

IR spectra of oxygen adsorbed on SnO2

IR spectra of oxygen adsorbed on SnO₂ with and without lattice defects have been studied. At low temperatures oxygen is adsorbed on defect SnO₂ in two forms of O ₂ ^– . This supports the earlier results obtained by ESR. The low-temperature forms of adsorbed oxygen (unrevealed in ESR spectra) were detected on defectless SnO₂. High-temperature forms of adsorbed oxygen appear in the IR-spectra as bands due to vibrations of the cation-oxygen bond.

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- SnO₂. , O ₂ ^– , . SnO₂ .

     

Thermische Zersetzung von Blei(II)-Acetat

Zusammenfassung Die Zersetzung von Pb(CH₃COO)₃ · 3 H₃O wurde im Bereich von Raumtemperatur bis 450° unter N₃ mittels TG, DTA verfolgt und die Produkte wurden analytisch charakterisiert. PbO ist das hauptsächliche feste Endprodukt, neben dem im wesentlichen nur Pb entsteht. Als feste Zwischenprodukte wurden neben Pb(CH₃COO)₃ die basischen Acetate Pb(CH₃COO)₂ · PbO und Pb(CH₃COO)₂ · 2 PbO gefunden und durch Röntgenpulveraufnahmen identifiziert; diese basischen Acetate wurden durch isotherme Zersetzung bei 240 bzw. 305° dargestellt. Unter den durch GC und MS erfaßten und quantitativ bestimmten flüchtigen Zersetzungsprodukten sind CO₂ und Aceton Hauptbestandteile. Verschiedene Bildungsweisen der übrigen Produkte, CH₃COOH, (CH₃CO)₂O, Acetylaceton und des Zwischenproduktes Keten werden aufgezeigt.

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The decomposition of Pb(CH₃COO)₃ · 3 H₂O under N₂ has been studied by TG and DTA between room temperature and 450° and the products have been characterized analytically. PbO is the main solid product, besides which essentially only Pb is produced. As solid intermediates, aside from Pb(CH₃COO)₃ the basic acetates Pb(CH₃COO)₂ · PbO and Pb(CH₃COO)₂ · 2 PbO have been found and identified via their X-ray powder diagrams; these basic acetates have been prepared by isothermal decomposition at 240 and 305°, respectively. Among the volatile decomposition products analyzed by GC and MS and determined quantitatively, CO₂ and acetone are the main products. Different routes for the formation of the other products, CH₃COOH, (CH₃CO)₂O, acetylacetone and the intermediate ketene are shown.

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Résumé On a suivi, par TG et ATD sous N₂, dans l'intervalle de températures allant de l'ambiante jusqu'à 450°, la décomposition de Pb(CH₃COO)₂ · 3 H₂O dont on a caractérisé les produits par des méthodes analytiques. PbO est le principal produit final solide, en dehors duquel il ne se forme essentiellement que du Pb. Comme produits intermédiaires solides, on a trouvé, à part Pb(CH₃COO)₂, les acétates basiques Pb(CH₃COO)₃. PbO et Pb(CH₃COO)₂ · · 2 PbO qui ont été identifiés par analyse de poudres aux rayons X. Ces acétates basiques se sont formés, par décomposition isotherme, respectivement à 240 et à 305°. Parmi les produits de décomposition volatils décelés par GC et MS et dosés par des méthodes quantitatives, CO₃ et l'acétone sont les composants principaux. On montre les différents modes de formation des autres produits, comme CH₃COOH, (CH₃CO)₃O, l'acétylacétone et le cétène formé transitoirement.

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Pb(CH₃COO)₂. 3₂O 450°. . PbO , , . , Pb(CH₃COO)₂, Pb(CH₃COO)₂. PbO Pb(CH₃COO)₂. 2PbO, . , , 240 305°. , -, CO₂ . , CH₃COOH, (CH₃CO)₂O, .

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Dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie danken wir für finanzielle Unterstützung.