Isolation of bioactive preparations from alcoholic extracts ofChlorella vulgaris

Summary Three groups of bioactive substances (provitamins of the A group, vitamins of the F group, and sodium chlorophyllin) have been isolated from alcoholic extracts of the micro algaChlorella vulgaris. The conditions of separating these substances are given. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the groups isolated have been investigated by paper chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and spectral analysis.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 213–216, March–April, 1979.     

The composition of the organic acids of CO2 extracts of some spice-aromatic plants

Summary 1. It is desirable to analyze the composition of the organic acids of CO₂ spice extracts after their preliminary separation into individual groups according to their physicochemical properties: steam-volatile, ester-bound obtained after the hydrolysis of esters of nonglyceride nature, and acids forming components of the triglycerides.2. Characteristic for the fraction of steam-volatile free acids and for the ester-bound acids in the CO₂ extracts obtained after the hydrolysis of esters of nonglyceride nature are the C₁–C₇ low-molecular-weight saturated acids of the alipatic series: formic, isovaleric, valeric, caproic, etc. The higher fatty acids present include acids with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms from C₈ to C₁₈ and also acids with saturated and unsaturated bonds.3. The compositions of the lower acids in the extracts of all the samples studied are qualitatively very similar. Their quantitative compositions differ fundamentally. At the same time, differences both in the qualitative and in the quantitative compositions of the glyceride acids of the samples investigated are more pronounced. This is due to the circumstance that fruit was subjected to extraction in one case and leaves and rhizomes in another.Krasnodar Scientific-Research Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 763–767, November–December, 1977.     

Products of phototransformation of provitamin D4 obtained from a mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. II. Irradiation in heptane

The composition of the photolytic mixture formed on the irradiation of provitamin D₄ in heptane has been studied. In addition to the main reaction products — vitamin D₄ and previtamin D₄ — a number of by-products were formed the structures of which have been determined by spectral methods. In contrast to that formed in ethanol, the photolytic mixture obtained in hexane contained only small amounts of by-products. The solvent therefore has an influence on the occurrence of phototransformation in the preparation of vitamins of the D group.Lensovet Leningrad Technological Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 398–404, May–June, 1989.     

Liquid-liquid partition of cobalt between trilaurylamine N-oxide and aqueous thiocyanate solutions

In an attempt to gain an understanding of factors affecting the extraction of cobalt by trilaurylamine oxide, the equilibria between HX+SCN^– (where X=NO ₃ ^– , Cl^–, SO ₄ ^2– ) and benzene solutions of trilaurylamine oxide have been studied. Cobalt is quantitatively extracted by the oxide from aqueous 0.01–1M KSCN in 0.01M concentration of the acids. The extraction mechanism and the possible compositions of the extracted species are discussed. The effect of several anions on the extraction of the element from optimal aqueous solutions are reported and separation factors for a number of metal ions are given. The solvent has a potential for the group preconcentration of toxic metal ions from dilute aqueous solutions.     

Improvements in the determination of vitamins in food through intercomparisons and preparation of RMs for vitamin analysis within the BCR1 programme

Summary In order to improve the methods for the determination of vitamins in food for nutritional purposes, the Commission's Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has initiated a comprehensive research programme consisting of intercomparisons of methods to identify and eliminate sources of error and the preparation of reference materials (RMs). Six food RMs have been prepared to date including brussels sprouts, mixed vegetables and pigs' liver (all in the lyophilised form), vitamin enriched milk powder, wholemeal flour and margarine. The first five materials have been packaged into heat sealable, aluminium-laminate sachets under an inert atmosphere; margarine is a canned product. The initial homogeneity results have indicated no detectable signs of inhomogeneity for the vitamins/RMs investigated. Stability testing has monitored both short-term stability at elevated temperatures (+25 to 40°C, 8 weeks) and long-term stability –30 to +20°C, 36 months). The former was used to evaluate the effect of adverse shipment conditions on vitamin stability. Vitamins C and B₁, two of the more labile vitamins, have been found to be stable for up to 4 weeks at +25°C and 8 weeks at +37°C in brussels sprouts (RM 431) and wholemeal flour (RM 122), respectively.The results of long-term stability testing of vitamins C and B₁ in these RMs indicate there was no significant degradation of vitamin C in RM 431 for up to 24 months at –18 and +4°C when the data was expressed on the basis of the –30°C data (analytical control). Similarly, no significant degradation for vitamin B₁ in RM 122 was found at +4 and +20°C for up to 12 months, again after expressing the data on the basis of the analytical control (–20°C). Once acceptable homogeneity and stability results have been found, certification studies for each vitamin/RM are planned.     

Fragmentation of some 1,2-epoxyguaianolides

The mass spectra of four guaianolides with epoxy groups of C₁–C₂ have been studied. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of the main ions. The origin of the secondary fragments has been confirmed by measurements of elementary compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 796–800, November–December, 1980.     

Scandium fluorophosphate glasses: a structural approach

A systematic investigation on glass formation in the ternary system InF₃–BaF₂–Sc(PO₃)_3n has been carried out. Scandium polyphosphate Sc(PO₃)_3n has been used as a third component in order to investigate the possibilities of obtaining new stable glasses. The above long-chain polyphosphate has been prepared using a specially elaborated cryo-technique, which allowed the preparation of high-purity product. Stable ternary compositions have been obtained within the compositions range (in mol%): 5–75 InF₃, 0–80% BaF₂, 0–50% Sc(PO₃)_3n. Glasses were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, vibrational spectroscopy (Raman) and ³¹P NMR. Structural features for the glass were put forward. Isolated P(O,F)4 groups or fluoroindated metaphosphate units could be identified depending on glass compositions.     

Tracer (self)-diffusion of potassium ion in NaCl−KCl−H2O mixtures at 25°C

Tracer (self)-diffusion coefficients of K⁺ have been measured using the diaphragm cell in seven compositions of the NaCl–KCl–H₂O system. These data complete the full set of isothermal vector transport properties for five of these compositions.     

Copper(II) complexes of isobutyl methyl ketone semicarbazone

Summary Copper(II) complexes of isobutyl methyl ketone semicarbazone have been prepared and characterised by magnetic moments, i.r., electronic and e.s.r. spectral studies. The complexes were found to have CuL₂X₂ and CuL₂X₂ · 2H₂O compositions. The electronic and e.s.r. spectra suggest a five-coordinated trigonal bipyramidal geometry, for the CuL₂X₂ complexes, (X=Cl^–, Br^–, NO ₃ ^– , and 1/2 SO ₄ ^2– ) and six-coordinate octahedral geometry has been suggested for CuL₂X₂ · 2H₂O (X=Cl^–, Br^–, NO ₃ ^– , SO ₄ ^2– ).     

Composition of the triacylglycerols of the seeds of some representatives of the family labiatae

The fatty acid compositions of five species and the compositions of the triacylglycerols of 22 species of the family labiatae have been studied for the first time. Octadeca-12,13-dienoic acid has been detected in five species. The typical compositions of the triacylglycerols differs from those of known plant oils with a similar set of fatty acids by the absence of triacylglycerols of the S₃ type and the presence of the S₂U type (0.1–1.6%). The main types are SU₂ (5–24%) and U₃ (74–95%). In a comparison of the position-species composition of the oils studied it was found that the oils of the plants of this family are distinguished by a greater diversity of species of triacylglycerols and also by the nature of the distribution of the unsaturated acyl residues between the 1,3- and 2-positions. In the majority of oils studied, the 2- position is enriched with the 18:1 acid, while the 18:2 acid is distributed predominantly in the 1,3- positions, and the nature of the distribution of the 18:3 acid is determined by its proportion in the total.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 618–625, September–October, 1979.     

Phospholipids of the cotton plant of variety Tashkent-3. II. Structure of the main phospholipid fractions

Summary 1. Individual fractions of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, and the X₂ and X₃ phospholipids have been obtained from the combined phospholipids, freed from carbohydrates, of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of variety Tashkent-3.2. The compositions and position distributions of the fatty acids in the main fractions of phospholipids have been studied.3. The possible molecular composition of the phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols have been calculated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 155–158, March–April, 1976.     

Buffer Standards for the Physiological pH of Zwitterionic Compounds,MOBS and TABS from 5 to 55°C

The values of the second dissociation constant, pK₂, and related thermodynamic quantities of 4-(N-morpholino)butanesulfonic acid (MOBS) and N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-4-aminobutanesulfonic acid (TABS) have already been reported over the temperature range 5–55°C including 37{°}C. This paper reports the pH values of twelve equimolal buffer solutions at designated pH (s) with the following compositions: (a) mixtures of MOBS (0.05 mol-kg^–1) + NaMOBS (0.05 mol-kg^–1); (b) MOBS (0.08 mol-kg^–1) + NaMOBS (0.08 mol-kg^–1); (c) MOBS (0.08 mol-kg^–1) + NaMOBS (0.08 mol-kg^–1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg^–1); (d) TABS (0.05 mol-kg^–1) + NaTABS (0.05 mol-kg^–1); and (e) TABS (0.08 mol-kg^–1) + NaTABS (0.08 mol-kg^–1); and (f) TABS (0.08 mol-kg^–1) + NaTABS (0.08 mol-kg^–1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg^–1). Two buffer solutions have ionic strengths I= 0.05 mol-kg^–1, another two have I=0.08 mol-kg^–1, and the remaining two buffer solutions have I= 0.16 mol-kg^–1, which is close to that of the clinical fluids (blood serum). These buffers have been recommended as a useful pH standard for the measurements of physiological solutions. Conventional pH values of all six buffer solutions from 5–55°C, as well as those obtained from the liquid junction potential correction at 25 and 37{°}C have been calculated. The flowing-junction calomel cell has been utilized to measure E_j, the liquid junction potential.     

Thermocatalytic transformations of wood and cellulose in the presence of HCl, HBr, and H2SO4

The compositions of the liquid organic products formed from aspen wood and cellulose at 150, 200, and 250° C in the presence of 1, 3, and 5% of HCl, HBr, and H₂SO₄ have been studied. The yield of levulinic acid from wood reached 13.0–15.5%, and from cellulose 28.8%.Institute of the Chemistry of Natural Organic Raw Material, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, fax (3912) 43 93 42. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 107–112, January–February, 1997.     

Characterization of europium(III) carbonate complexes in simulated groundwater by solvent extraction

The complex formation of Eu(III) by bicarbonate/carbonate ions has been studied at 0.1 M ionic strength and 25°C using synergistic solvent extraction system of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol and 1,10-phenanthroline in chloroform. Concentrations of bicarbonate (5·10^–3 to 1·10^–1 M) and carbonate (5·10^–4 to 1·10^–2 M) ions in the aqueous phase have been varied in the pH range of 8.0 to 9.1 to simulate ground and natural water compositions. Under these conditions, the following species have been identified: Eu(HCO₃)²⁺, Eu(HCO₃)₂ ⁺, Eu(CO₃)⁺ and Eu(CO₃)₂ ^–. Their conditional formation constants (log ) have been calculated as 4.77, 6.74, 6.92 and 10.42, respectively. These values suggest that the carbonate complexes of Eu(III) are highly stable.     

Lipids of elaeagnus fruit

The composition of the classes of lipids of the fruit of three morphological forms of the elaeagnusElaeagnus angustifolia L. have been studied. Their compositions were identical. The amounts of the main lipid classes of extracts of the seeds and pericarps, the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids, and the compositions of the carbohydrates and sterols have been determined. The fatty oil of the seeds contained linoleic acid, while the main fatty acids of the pericarp extracts were the 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acids. The 16:1 acid that is characteristic for sea buckthorn oil was detected in the elaegnus fruit in insignificant amounts. The class of sterols, both in the free and in the esterified states, was represented by -sitosterol. The main hydrocarbon of the pericarps and seeds was nonacosane.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 17–21, January–February, 1990.     

Lipids of the vegetative and generative organs ofHibiscus sp.

The lipids of the leaves, stems, and roots ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. Their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids was present in the glycolipids of the leaves and the stems. More than 25% of low-molecular-mass C₁₀-C₁₂ fatty acids have been found in the neutral lipids of the roots.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 705–708, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted March 11, 1996.     

Growth and Structure of Lanthanum Polysulfide Crystals

Single crystals of lanthanum polysulfide were grown under nearly equilibrium conditions according to the P _S ndash;T–x diagram of the LaS_1.5–LaS₂ system described in the literature, and quenched from a temperature of 820°C. The structure of these crystals was determined. Their compositions are LaS_1.96(2) and LaS_2.00(2). The crystals of both compositions belong to the rhombic Pnma space group with a slight variation in lattice parameters in the ranges a = 8.133–8.124, b = 16.345–16.334, and c = 4.128–4.131. The nonstoichiometric polysulfide LaS_1.96 is treated as a spatially averaged, disordered individual phase. Arguments are given that these polysulfide phases have compositions intermediate between LaS_1.5 and LaS₂.     

Ubiquinones of marine invertebrates

The quantitative and qualitative compositions of the ubiquinones of 28 species of marine invertebrates representing five main types have been studied. The amount of ubiquinones did not exceed 5 µg per 1 g dry weight. For all species the main component is Q₁₀, except for ascidians, which produce only Q₉.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 715–718, November–December, 1981.     

The structures of chimganin and chimgin

Summary The roots ofFerula tschimganica Lipsky have yielded two new compounds with the compositions C₁₈H₂₄O₄ (mp 85°C) and C₁₇H₂₂O₃ (mp 155°C), which have been calledchimganin andchimgin. On the basis of their UV, IR, and NMR spectra and the products of alkaline hydrolysis, it has been shown that chimganin is the ester of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid and chimgin that of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with (+)-borneol.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1972.     

Coordination Germanium(IV) Compounds with Nitrosubstituted Benzoylhydrazones of Salicylaldehyde

New germanium(IV) complexes with N-[X-benzoyl]hydrazones of salicylaldehyde (X-H₂L, where X = 2-, 3-, and 4-NO₂; H₂L = C₆H₄–CO–NH–NCH–C₆H₄OH) with the compositions [Ge(2-NO₂–L)₂], [Ge(3-NO₂–L)₂], and [Ge(4-NO₂–L)₂] were synthesized. The data of IR, UV, and ¹H, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy showed that the complexes had an octahedral structure and ligand coordination through the nitrogen atom of the azomethine group and two oxygen atoms of the doubly deprotonated form of the ligand. The thermal stability of the complexes was studied. The specific features of the mass spectrometric behavior of the substances in the gas phase under electron impact were considered.