过渡金属乙烯齐聚与聚合催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来过渡金属配合物催化乙烯齐聚与聚合的最新进展;介绍了乙烯齐聚或聚合的反应时间、反应温度、乙烯压力、助催化剂用量等反应条件及配体上不同取代基对前过渡金属(铬,锆,钛,钒)和后过渡金属(铁,钴,镍,铜)配合物的催化活性和齐聚或聚合产物的影响;分别以钛和镍配合物催化剂为例,介绍了前过渡金属和后过渡金属催化乙烯齐聚或聚合的机理。     

镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和聚合的进展

继SHOP催化体系采用镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚制备端烯烃在研究和应用中获得成功以来,由于后过渡金属上容易产生β-氢消除反应,镍配合物催化乙烯的研究搁置了近二十年。然而,近十年里,镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和聚合研究再次受到催化剂研究者的重视,进入了飞速发展的新时期。本文综述近三年间这个领域的发展,特别是我国学者在这个领域的贡献,展示了镍配合物在乙烯齐聚和乙烯聚合制备支化聚烯烃中的巨大潜力,促进该领域研究的发展。     

后过渡金属催化乙烯齐聚与聚合进展

石化工业最重要的产品是聚烯烃,其中大部分与聚乙烯相关,α-烯烃不仅是重要的共聚单体,也是精细化工的基本原料,乙烯工业发展程度代表了一个国家石化技术的水平。后过渡金属催化剂作为新型催化体系,能够高效催化乙烯齐聚和聚合,并且乙烯聚合可制备新型聚乙烯树脂。通过对配体的修饰,提高后过渡金属配合物催化活性,增加催化体系的热稳定性,仍然是当前催化剂设计的重要课题;实现对所得聚乙烯微观结构的控制,提高聚烯烃宏观性质是产业化的重要基础。本文基于配合物催化剂配体骨架设计为基础,集中讨论了铁、钴和镍配合物用于乙烯聚合和齐聚的性质比较;特别是集中展示了我们近期研究工作,综述了后过渡金属催化剂的新进展。     

苯并咪唑类过渡金属配合物:新型乙烯齐聚与聚合催化剂

苯并咪唑杂环具有良好的配位选择性,能与多种金属形成配合物.这些配合物往往具有优良的生理、荧光、催化等性能.综述了近年来含有苯并咪唑衍生物的过渡金属配合物的合成方法及其在催化乙烯齐聚和聚合方面的研究进展,并讨论了配合物的结构因素如取代基的电子效应、位阻效应等对配合物催化性能的影响规律.     

Ind2Zr(OC6H4Me-P)2和EtnAICL3-n催化乙烯齐聚的研究

茂金属催化剂 ( Kaminsky催化剂 )是 80年代发展起来的烯烃聚合高效催化剂 [1] ,有关其催化烯烃聚合的研究很多 [2～ 4 ] .近年来 ,Kaminsky型催化剂催化乙烯齐聚合成低碳α烯烃的研究已有报道 [5] .由乙烯齐聚得到的直链低碳α烯烃是生产线性低密度聚乙烯 ( LL DPE)和高密度聚乙烯 ( HDPE)的共聚单体 .以茚基锆化合物与烷基铝组成的 Ziegler- Natta催化体系催化乙烯齐聚尚未见报道 .本文考察了Ind2 Zr( OC6H4 Me- p) 2 和各种乙基铝组成的二元催化体系对乙烯齐聚的催化性能 .1　实验部分　　二茚基锆配合物 Ind2 Zr Cl2 和 Ind2 …     

乙烯齐聚催化剂研究进展

综述了乙烯齐聚催化剂的研究进展.按照碳链的原子数目,简要介绍了α-烯烃的用途.按照后过渡金属催化剂和前过渡金属催化剂分类介绍了乙烯齐聚催化剂的研究情况,并重点介绍了乙烯三聚催化剂的研究进展,给出了部分聚合机理.文章最后介绍了α-烯烃除用乙烯齐聚催化剂方法外,还有石蜡热裂解、烷烃催化裂解、烷烃脱氢、烯烃二聚和歧化等方法制备.乙烯齐聚法所得产品线性化程度高,聚合度分布窄,分离费用低,产品质量好.在我国,石蜡裂解法为主要生产方法,因此在我国开展乙烯齐聚的研究,开发具有自主知识产权的齐聚催化剂,具有十分重要的意义.     

同核双金属烯烃聚合催化剂

与单核金属配合物催化剂相比,双核金属配合物催化剂所具的双金属活性中心对烯烃聚合催化活性和所得聚合物的性能(包括聚合物微结构、分子量大小和分子量分布)产生了重要影响。本文综述了双金属配合物作为均相催化剂催化乙烯聚合及共聚合的最新研究,归纳思路包括不同的金属类型,即基于前过渡金属(Zr, Ti, Hf) 和后过渡金属(Ni, Fe, Co) 的双核金属组合; 不同的配体化合物,即CGC配体、酚氧亚胺配体、氮杂环胺配体、α-二亚胺和亚胺吡啶配体等。这些研究表明,前过渡金属催化剂不仅解决了乙烯自聚还实现了乙烯与α-烯烃共聚;后过渡金属催化剂高效催化乙烯自聚合,其中铁和钴催化剂获得高度线性聚乙烯,镍催化剂则产生多支链聚乙烯。     

P^N^P三齿铬配合物合成和结构及其催化乙烯齐聚与聚合

合成了系列的2-(二苯基膦)-N-[2-(二芳基膦)亚苄基]苯胺(P^N^P)和2-(二苯基膦)-N-[2-(二芳基膦)苄基]苯胺(P^N^P)铬(Ⅲ)配合物,经过元素分析和光谱分析进行了表征,并使用X射线单晶测试确定两类铬(Ⅲ)配合物都具有六配位的变形八面体构型.在MAO或AlEtCl2作用下,这些铬配合物可高活性地催化乙烯齐聚或聚合,其催化乙烯反应特征依赖于配体中桥联胺的键联形式.2-(二苯基膦)-N-[2-(二芳基膦)亚苄基]苯胺铬配合物1a～1e催化乙烯聚合,无齐聚物生成;而2-(二苯基膦)-N-[2-(二芳基膦)苄基]苯亚胺铬配合物2a～2e表现出较高的乙烯三聚选择性.     

Ind2Zr（OC6H4Me—p）2和EtnAlCl3—n催化乙烯剂聚的研究

茂金属催化剂（Kaminsky催化剂）是80年代发展起来的烯烃聚合高效催化剂,有关其催化烯烃聚合的研究很多,近年来,Kaminsky型催化剂催化乙烯齐聚合成低碳α烯烃的研究已有报道。由乙烯齐聚得到的直链低碳α烯烃是生产线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的共聚单体。以茚基锆化合物与烷基铝组成的Ziegler-Natta催化体系催化乙烯齐聚尚未见报道,本文考察了Ind2Zr(OC6H4Me-p)2和各种乙基铝组成的二元催化体系对乙烯齐聚的催化性能。     

氯化钕配合物在4—乙烯吡啶聚合反应中的催化作用

氯化钕配合物是双烯烃聚合催化剂组分之一 ,与烷基铝所构成的二元体系对丁二烯聚合具有较佳活性 [1,2 ] ,但用氯化钕配合物催化极性单体的聚合反应尚未见报导 .极性单体的聚合是人们感兴趣的课题 ,例如 Benito等 [3 ]用过渡金属化合物 (VCl3-Al Et3)体系催化聚合 4-乙烯吡啶 (4VPy)极性单体 .但是它的催化活性较低 ,催化效率为 3.1×1 0 -4 kg· mol-1· h-1.我们研究了将含少量的氯化钕配合物催化剂用于该聚合反应 ,催化活性得到很大提高 ,催化效率达到 50 .71 Kg· mol-1· h-1.表明氯化钕配合物催化体系不仅对双烯烃而且对极性单体聚…     

过渡金属络合物催化乙烯齐聚

综述了乙烯齐聚的最新成果,重点阐述了用于乙烯齐聚的新型催化剂,讨论了烯烃高聚与齐聚催化剂的关系,烯烃高聚与齐聚的反应机理相同,。差别主要在于烯烃插入与β－H消除反应的速率,第IV副族金属络合物主要催化乙烯齐聚,第Ⅲ副族金属主要催化乙烯高聚,改变茂金属催化体系的助催化剂和反应条件可得到齐聚产物,选择体积较小配体的第Ⅷ族金属络合物,有利于β－H消除得到齐聚产物。     

Advances in late transition metal catalysts for olefin polymerization/oligomerizarion

In this review article, we have consolidated our recent studies on late transition metal catalysts (mainly Fe, Co) for olefin polymerization/oligomerization. A series of bisiminopyridyl Co(II) and Fe(II) complexes were synthesized. These catalysts when activated with MAO in aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, oligomerize or polymerize ethylene to α-olefins or high molecular weight polymers with exceptionally high activities and selectivities. The electronic and steric effects of allyloxy and benzyloxy substituted bisiminopyridyl Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes were also investigated. The influence of catalyst structure and temperature on the polymerization activity, thermal properties and molecular weight were discussed. The effects of heterogenization of these catalysts on silica and modified SBA-15 were analyzed. The polymerization of polar monomers such as vinyl ethers and methyl methacrylate was tested and no specific trends in activity and polymer molecular weight with changes in steric bulkiness around the metal center were observed with the same catalyst system.     

Influence of The P,O-Bidentate Ligand on Ethylene Oligomerization Catalyzed by Iron Complexes

IntroductionA new area of organometallic catalysis in macromolecular chemistry has been unveiled by the discovery of the catalytic activity of late transition metal complexes containing bi- or tri-dentate ligands for the polymerization and the oligomerization of ethylene and α-olefins[1-5].As for the oligomerization of ethylene, the nickel catalysts based on phosphorus-oxygen, sul-fur-sulfur and nitrogen-nitrogen chelates have been widely investigated[6-8]. But there are on-ly limited reports…     

Our variations on iron and cobalt catalysts toward ethylene oligomerization and polymerization

Iron and cobalt complexes are a new family of catalysts for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization. The extensive researches on bis(imino)pyridyl metal complexes have been carried out with the aim of synthesizing their derivatives and finding suitable reaction parameters for the optimum activity. Beyond the modification works of bis(imino)pyridyl metal complexes, several alternative models with similar coordination sphere have been developed in our group. This review article describes our experiences in innovating new models of iron and cobalt complexes as catalysts for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization.     

Prospects and crucial problems in oligomerization and polymerization with iron and cobalt complex catalysts

<正>The discovery of highly active 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl iron and cobalt complexes provided a milestone of latetransition metal catalysts for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization with being currently investigated for the scale-up process.The crucial problems are remaining in the catalytic systems:the catalytic systems targeting ethylene polymerization produce more oligomers at elevated reaction temperatures,however,there is a recognizable amount of high-molecular-weight polyethylene remained in the modified catalytic system for the oligomerization process.Beyond the modification of bis(imino)pyridyl metal complexes,several alternative procatalysts' models have been developed in our group.This review highlighted the achievements in exploring new iron and cobalt complexes with tridentate NNN ligands as procatalysts for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization.     

多氮螯合配位后过渡金属络合物烯烃聚合催化剂

A2二亚胺镍、钯络合物和吡啶二亚胺铁、钴络合物是近几年来发现的新一代烯烃均相聚合后过渡金属催化剂。这类催化剂具有活性高、选择性易调变、聚合物性质可控制的特点, 尤其是对官能团中的杂原子的稳定性方面优于前过渡金属催化剂。本文将近年来的有关报道归纳为4 个方面进行评述: 络合物的合成和结构; 配体结构因素对络合物催化性能的影响; 催化烯烃高聚、齐聚和共聚以及催化反应机理。     

Influence of electronic effect on catalytic activity of salicylaldiminato nickel(II) complexes

A means of correlation between the activity and the net charge, the metal atom net charge correlation (MANCC), which was successful in the activity prediction of the early‐transition metal catalysts, has been used to study the catalytic activities of salicylaldiminato Ni(II) complexes, the late‐transition metal catalysts, in olefin polymerization or oligomerization. A comparison with the available quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculation data suggests that even without a detailed mechanism, MANCC results mostly agree with QM/MM calculation data regarding insertion barrier data and enthalpy change. Eight experimental complexes were further built up by modeling; their catalytic activities predominantly increased in line with the net charges on the metal atoms. The same results were obtained for the other four complexes synthesized in the present work. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4765–4774, 2004