Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 35. Structures of α-formyl-2,3-polymethylene-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-ones

The structures of the title compounds bearing a five-, six- or seven-membered A ring have been investigated by uv and ¹H and ¹³C nmr spectroscopy. The imine-enol-enamine (I-II-III) tautomerism of these compounds depends greatly on the ring size. A significant solvent-dependence is observed only for the five-membered-ring compounds 1 and 2 , which in ethanolic solution exist predominantly in the imine form I, and in chloroform solution in the enol form II. The compounds with a six-membered A ring, 3 and 4 , are mainly in the enamine form III. On protonation, 3 and 4 change into the E and Z isomeric mixture of the enol tautomer II. The seven-membered-ring compound 5 is a mixture of the imine I and the enamine III tautomers.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds,part 68. Studies on quinolizine derivatives. Part 2. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted-4H-quinolizine derivatives

Quinolizine compounds 1 and 2 or their monocyclic tautomers 3 and 4 have been synthesized using 2-pyri-dineacetic acid derivatives 6a, b, A, B and ethoxymethylenemalonic acid derivatives 7a, b, c in base catalyzed or thermic reaction. In the 6-unsubstituted series, both the 4-oxo and 4-imino derivatives could have been obtained, in the 6-substituted series, however the 4-oxo ones only, whereas instead of the 4-imino derivatives, their monocyclic tautomers 3, 4 have been isolated. In the 6-unsubstituted series, the primarily formed 4-imino compounds have been rearranged into 4-oxo ones under stronger conditions. The structure of the isolated compounds have been proved by ultraviolet, infrared and ¹H nmr spectra, that of 3B=C by X-ray analysis as well.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. IX. Synthesis and reactions of 2,3-disubstituted pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones

A series of 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones was prepared by the cyclization of substituted 2-aminopyridines with βketocarboxylic esters in polyphosphoric acid or in mixtures of the latter with phosphoryl chloride. Catalytic hydrogenation (over palladium on charcoal or Raney nickel) of the products afforded the corresponding 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyridopyrimidinones. Thermal treatment of the 6-substituted derivatives gave 1,8-naphthyridin-4-ones in high yields. Oxo to thio exchange was successful only with substrates unsubstituted at C-6.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 19. Synthesis of polymethylenepyrimidin-4-ones

Reaction of five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered cyclic amidines ( 1 n = 0-3) with diethyl ethoxy-methylenemalonate ( 2 ) yields isomeric 2,3-polymethylene-4(3H]- and 1,2-polymethytlene-4(1H)-pyrimidinones ( 3 and 4 ) respectively, n = 0-3). With 2-aminopyrroline the isomer ratio was dependent upon the reaction conditions. The structure of the isomers 3 and 4 was studied by uv, ir and ¹H-nmr spectroscopy. Both isomers contain an active methylene group which can be deuterated. Deuteration was investigated with ¹H-nmr spectroscopy.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 60. Unusual amination with sodium azide.

9-Bromo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4$\text{H}$-pyrido [1,2-$\text{a}$]pyrimidin-4-ones react with sodium azide to afford 9-amino-6,7-dihydroanalogues. A mechanism involving a tricyclic tetrazine intermediate formed by neighbouring-group participation is suggested.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds part 14. Acylation of ethyl 6-methyl-4-oxo- -6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-pyrido(1,2-a)pyrimidine-3-carboxilate with isocyanates

The 9-carbamoyl derivatives /$\text{3}$–$\text{9}$/ can be prepared from title compound /$\text{1}$/ with isocyanates /$\text{2}$/. $\text{3}$–$\text{9}$ are mixtures of the cis /Z/ and trans /E/ imines and the enamine /e/. The equilibrium depends on the substituents R,X and on the solvent.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 72 Straightforward synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrorutaecarpine and derivatives

In polyphosphoric acid, the Fischer indolization of 6-arylhydrazono-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octahydro-11H-pyrido-[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-ones, obtained from 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octahydro-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-ones by three pathways, afforded substituted 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydro-5H-13H-indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5-ones in high yields. The structures of the 6-substituted octahydropyridoquinazolinones and hexahydroindo-lopyridoquinazolinones were characterized by uv, ¹H and ¹³C nmr data.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds VIII . Ring transformations IV . Synthesis and reactions of 2,3-Cycloalkylene-4H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidin-4-ones

By condensing alicyclic β-ketocarboxylates with substituted 2-aminopyridines in polyphosphoric acid or phosphoryl chloride-polyphosphoric acid, numerous 2,3-tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexamethylene-4H-pvrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones were synthesized for pharmacological purposes. The stability and several reactions of the title compounds were studied. The 6-substituted-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones were transformed into 1,8-naphthyridines in good yields independent of the ring size of ring C . The characteristic differences in the ir and uv spectra of the pyrido-pyrimidines and the corresponding naphthyridines are discussed. Catalytic hydrogenation of the pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones furnished the corresponding 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido-[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives. It was found that the A and C rings attached to the pyrirnidinone ring in solutions of unsubstituted tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones are flexible, whereas in the 6-methyl derivatives the conformer containing the 6-methyl group in axial position predominates.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 65. Vilsmeier-haack formylation of 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones. Part 6

2-Substituted 3-formyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones can be synthethized by Vilsmeier-Haack formylation with the dimethylformamide-phosphoryl chloride complex only from those 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones which contain a substituent with electron-releasing resonance effect in position 2. The products were characterized by uv, ir and ¹H nmr spectroscopy.     

Chiral quaternary phosphonium salts: a new class of organocatalysts

Phase-transfer catalysis has widely been used as a prime synthetic tool for both laboratory and industrial processes. During the last twenty years, asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis using chiral organocatalysts has attracted widespread interest. However, the scope of chiral phase-transfer catalysis has been limited mostly to the quaternary ammonium salts. As an emerging area, the recent developments in the application of quaternary phosphonium salts as chiral phase-transfer catalysts are discussed in this article.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds part 12. The reaction of the ethyl 6-methyl-4--oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4h-pyrido [1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate with iminium chlorides.

The 9-formyl- and 9-ester derivatives /$\text{5}$,$\text{9}$/ can easily be prepared from the title pyrido [1,2-a]pyrimidine /$\text{1}$/ with iminium chlorides /$\text{2}$a,b/ via the 9-/dimethyliminium-methyl/-derivatives /$\text{3}$,$\text{6}$/.     

Preparation and characterization of 6-molybdocobaltate and 6-molybdoaluminate cobalt salts. Evidence of a new heteropolymolybdate structure

Molybdenum and cobalt based heteropolyanions (HPAs) could be used as an alternative to the conventional ammonium heptamolybdate and cobalt nitrate starting materials for friendly environmental preparation of Co-Mo/Al2O3 hydrotreating catalysts. In this aim, cobalt salts of molybdocobaltate and molydboaluminate Anderson HPAs have been synthesized and characterized by TGA, XRD, XAS, and vibrational spectroscopies. The crystal structure refinement provided evidence for the formation of a new heteropolyoxomolybdate derived from the well-known Anderson structure.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 85. Synthesis and reactivity of 3,4-dihydro-1H,6H[1,4]oxazino[3,4-b]quinazolin-6-ones

3,4-Dihydro-1H,6H-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-b]quinazolin-6-one 3 and its 1-methyl and 1-hydroxy derivatives 8 and 13 were prepared by different routes. The active methylene group of compound 3 was reacted with electro-hilic reagents (bromine, phenyldiazonium chloride, nitrous acid, a Vielsmeier-Haack reagent, aromatic aldehydes and diethyl oxalate) to yield 1-substituted-3,4-dihydro[1H,6H)-1,4-oxazino[3,4-b]quinazo-lin-6-ones. The reactivity of 1-hydroxy and 1-bromo derivatives 13 and 15 were also investigated in some reactions. The 3,4-dihydro-lH,6H-[1,4]oxazino[3,4-b]quinazolin-6-ones were characterized by means of uv, ¹H and ¹³C nmr spectroscopy.     

Preparation, characterization and application of ZnO sol containing quaternary ammonium salts

The zinc oxide sol containing quaternary ammonium salts (DMDAAC-ZnO) was synthesized by zinc acetate and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride via the sol–gel process. Effects of zinc acetate concentration, diethanolamine dosage and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride dosage on the absorbance-ratio and viscosity of the sol were investigated. Zinc oxide sols were characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. DMDAAC-ZnO was applied to cotton samples and cotton samples treated were tested by antibacterial activity, UV resistance and breaking strength. The antibacterial activity and UV resistance of samples treated by zinc oxide sol containing quaternary ammonium salt were both better than sample treated by zinc oxide sol.     

Preparation of quaternary pyridinium salts as possible proton conductors

On basis of earlier experimental experience, the transfer of protons in salts of the organic cation-inorganic anion type occurs primarily through directional arrangement of the anion-anion type short hydrogen bonds. The submitted work presents the preparation of quaternary pyridinium salts of inorganic hydrogen anions in the absence of solvent molecules in their crystal structure. These substances can form only the above-described anion-anion type hydrogen bonds; in addition, the absence of solvate anions increases the stability of the prepared compounds. A total of six substituted pyridinium salts were prepared, four of which have not been described yet: 1,2,4,6-tetraphenylpyridinium perchlorate, 1-benzyl-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium perchlorate, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium hydrogen sulphate, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium dihydrogen phosphate, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium hydrogen sulphate, and 1,2-dimethyl-5-ethylpyridinium dihydrogen phosphate. Three of these substances were characterised by X-ray structural analysis: 1,2,4,6-tetraphenylpyridinium perchlorate crystallises in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca; 1-benzyl-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium perchlorate crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/c; and 1,4-dimethylpyridinium dihydrogen phosphate crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c. This structure contains an oriented anion network bond by short anion-anion type hydrogen bonds with the donor acceptor lengths of 2.567(3) Å and 2.557(3) Å and thus fulfils the requirements of a good proton conductor.     

The adsorption of quaternary ammonium salts at a mercury solution interface: Part II. Non-symmetrical quaternary ammonium salts

The adsorption of triethyl alkyl (and allyl) ammonium bromides on a mercury electrode has been investigated. The isotherms and values of the free energy of adsorption yield information on the mode of adsorption of the cations. The formation of partial bimolecular films on the surface of mercury by the cations studied has been described and a simple explanation put forward concerning the mechanism of destruction of these films.     

Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 83 . Synthesis and ring transformation of 6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-acrylates

The thermal ring transformation of 2-substituted 4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-acrylates gave 2-substituted 1,8-naphthyridine-3-acrylates, pyrano-1,8-naphthyridines and anthyridine, depending upon the nature of the 2-substituent. A longer reaction period and a higher reaction temperature favored the formation of tricyclic products from 1,8-naphthyridine-3-acrylate after isomerization of the side-chain at position 3. The products were characterized by means of uv, ir and ¹H nmr spectroscopy.