三元系等值线自动绘制软件的开发

三元系或伪三元系等值线在冶金物理化学中有广泛的应用,但目前国内对三元系等值线自动绘制的研究较少.本文以VB6.0为基础对三元系等值线的自动绘制进行了研究,解决了三元系及伪三元系中等值线的自动绘制问题.     

锕系异核双金属化合物

锕系金属有机化合物的研究已成为金属有机化学研究领域的热点之一,其化合物的合成和分离极具挑战性,其中锕系异核双金属化合物在催化和小分子活化方面有潜在的应用前景。随着人们对锕系独特电子结构及其性质的深入认识,锕系异核双金属化合物的研究也取得了一些进展。本文总结了锕系异核双金属化合物近30年的研究成果,主要包括锕系-过渡金属体系和锕系-主族金属体系的实验和理论研究。     

环氧树脂中磷系阻燃剂协效体系的研究进展

近年来,出于环保等方面的考虑,一些卤系阻燃剂被逐渐淘汰,磷系阻燃剂作为卤系阻燃剂的替代品备受关注。然而,高效的磷系阻燃剂通常会在提高阻燃性能的同时产生更多的烟雾,因此需要与协效剂搭配使用。本文介绍了磷系阻燃剂在环氧树脂中的阻燃机理,综述了环氧树脂中磷系阻燃剂的协效体系的研究进展,包括无机协效剂、有机协效剂及有机-无机杂化协效剂等,并对环氧树脂体系中磷系阻燃剂的协效体系的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

具高耐热性多芳烃结构环氧树脂的研究

综述了近年来具耐热性多芳烃结构环氧树脂的发展概况,包括萘系、蒽系和芘系环氧树脂,着重介绍了其合成途径、反应活性及结构与性能的关系.认为多芳烃结构环氧树脂具有良好的耐热耐湿性,颇具发展潜力.其中,萘系环氧树脂与蒽、芘系环氧树脂相比 ,具有较高的反应活性和耐热性,具有较高的实际应用价值.因此,近年来萘基环氧树脂受到研究人员和厂商的关注,并且一些萘系环氧树脂已经应用于生产.     

典型锕系超分子组装体的构筑原理及研究进展

锕系超分子化学是锕系元素化学的重要研究领域,可以为乏燃料后处理的配位化学基础研究提供重要信息,并为探索锕系功能材料在发光、传感、催化和分离等方面的功能应用提供关键材料体系。本文介绍了基于锕系金属离子的金属-有机超分子组装体这一新兴领域的最新研究进展。从锕系超分子组装体的构筑原理出发并结合笔者自身研究情况,对基于主客体准轮烷配体的锕系-轮烷配位聚合物、具有闭合结构的锕系配位组装体和基于超分子相互作用的锕系超分子聚合物这三类典型的锕系超分子组装体的研究进展进行了梳理和总结阐述。期望为未来新型锕系超分子组装体的设计合成提供参考,促进相关领域的进步和发展。     

铋系半导体光催化材料

近年来,铋系半导体材料因其在可见光辐照下对难降解有机物具有良好的催化作用而成为新型光催化材料的研究热点之一。本文综述了国内外铋系光催化剂的研究动态和主要成果。铋系光催化剂在可见光范围内有明显的吸收,具有较好的光催化活性。此外,大多数铋系光催化剂在反应过程中具有较高的稳定性。通过改进制备方法、掺杂负载、构建异质结等技术,可以有效提高铋系半导体材料的可见光吸收性能或抑制光生电子和空穴的复合,从而进一步提高其光催化性能。尽管铋系光催化剂由于其导带位置比氢的氧化还原电位低,但是通过设计合成新的能带结构可使其满足氧化和还原水的能带要求,从而实现铋系光催化剂在光解水制氢中的应用。最后,对铋系光催化剂未来的发展趋势进行了展望,并强调针对特殊用途和结合量化计算方法对开发新型铋系光催化剂的重要性。     

二茂基镧系硝基甲烷阴离子衍生物的合成及其热稳定性

自从1954年首次合成了三茂基镧系化合物以来,人们已大量合成和研究了茂基镧系衍生物。如何合成新型稳定的茂基镧系衍生物,以便进一步研究它们的各种性质,一直是金属有机化学家十分感兴趣的课题。而迄今为止,仍未见茂基镧系硝基衍生物的文献报道。我们按文献方法通过三茂基镧系化合物与硝基甲烷反应,成功地合成了五个新的茂基镧系硝基甲烷阴离子衍生物。即:Cp_2Nd(CH_2-NO_2)(1),Cp_2Sm(CH_2NO_2)(2),Cp_2Gd(CH_2-     

微孔镧系配位聚合物

微孔配位聚合物与通常的微孔无机材料相比, 具有非常明显的优势. 而镧系离子特殊的光学和磁学性质, 更使得微孔镧系配位聚合物的研究成为热点. 本文简要地报道了微孔镧系配位聚合物的研究现状, 对一些微孔镧系配位聚合物的结构特点进行了描述, 讨论了影响微孔配位聚合物形成的主要因素. 一般来说, 线型配体往往能很好地将金属离子连接起来, 得到理想的微孔镧系配位聚合物; 选择合适的第二配体, 有利于构筑结构新颖的微孔镧系配位聚合物; 镧系收缩对能否形成微孔配位聚合物的影响并不明显, 只是轻稀土离子往往倾向于多结合一些小分子配体来满足更高的配位数.     

丙酮酸脱氢酶系：除草剂品种的新靶标

丙酮酸脱氢酶系抑制剂;综述;丙酮酸脱氢酶系：除草剂品种的新靶标     

分子周期系

分子周期系刘秉兰（烟台师范学院化学系山东２６４０００）自１８６９年Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｅｅｖ提出元素周期表以来，对于分子周期系的研究一直是各国化学家所关注的热点，并在此领域内作出了较大贡献，取得了一定的进展。一、分子周期系的分类分子周期系通常分为两类：一是化...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.