磁记录式计时器设计方案

磁记录式计时器设计方案杨菊秋（中南林学院）在中学力学实验中，打点计时器占有很重要的地位．但是在实际使用（特别是在学生分组实验）过程中，打点计时器的效果往往不能令人满意．本人设计一种磁记录计时器，改电磁机械式计时方法为电磁光照式计时方法．磁记录式计时器...     

落球法测定重力加速度实验的改进

简述落球法测定重力加速度等实验中，采用自制激光光电计时器，提高了测量时间的准确度，该计时器具有定位准、抗干扰能力强等优点。     

电火花计时器周期的讨论

众所周知,电火花计时器的周期是0.02 s,频率为50 Hz,也就是说,它在使用时每隔0.02 s打一个点.笔者在执教高一时,学生在物理课上第一次接触电火花计时器,对于电火花计时器的周期,笔者作如下解释.     

打点计时器的一种新用法

打点计时器通常的用法是把纸带穿过计时器,一头固定在运动物体上,让运动物体拖着纸带走。因此纸带与运动物体有相互拖累的弊病。这里介绍一种变通的巧妙用法,纸带不是让运动物体拖着走,而是由实验者从容的拉动纸带,而且时间的记录与纸带的运动速度或速度变化无关。如图若要测记金属小球(或小车)滚过轨道的A与B两点间所经历的时间,可按如下办法使用计时器。先给打点计时器加一个附加电路,就是把一个5—10欧姆的可变电阻R与4.5伏电池和电键K串联,再与打点计时器连接如图。使打点计时器的     

自制“数字计时器”

自制“数字计时器”孙宝平（山东枣庄市第二卫校）在物理实验中，数字计时器测量精度高。更由于配合了光电门，能完成自动测定物理过程的时间量，减少了人工计时的偶然误差。特别对短暂过程的时间量的测量，尤其显示出它的优越性。但市售的数字计时器价格昂贵，一般学校配...     

打点计时器的正确使用与调整

Ｊ０２０３型电磁式打点计时器是研究物体运动规律的一种实验仪器．它价格比气垫导轨便宜的多，结构比气垫导轨简单的多．而且省去了气垫导轨的复杂调整．也不存在气垫导轨的导轨变形、气孔阻塞、滑块磨损，光电门失效，计时器故障，气源故障等．电磁打点计时器也没有气垫...     

电火花计时器的两点改进

电火花计时器是教学实验用计时仪器,可代替电磁打点计时器,它能够把物体运动情况定时的记录在纸带上.电火花计时器配合斜面小车、电火花描迹仪、钩砝等实验仪器可以做匀速直线运动、匀加速直线运动、牛顿第二运动定律、自由落体运动、动能定律,机械能守恒定律等实验.     

电磁打点计时器针头的改进

在使用电磁打点计时器进行实验教学时,有时复写纸片不易自行转动,针头都打在复写纸片的同一点上,打了几点之后,复写纸上该点的油墨就耗尽了,再打出的点就不易辨认出来了。我们对打点计时器的针头进行了改进,     

电磁打点计时器的调整

电磁打点计时器是研究物体运动规律时经常要用到的实验仪器．在实验过程中，学生反映经常会出现“打点不清、打点无规律”等问题．因此，学会调整打点计时器是正确使用的前提，本文针对打点计时器的调整等问题进行分析，以供广大师生参考。     

用数字计时器探究机械能守恒定律

1 数字计时器计时功能有待完善之处 J0201数字计时器能准确地测量出物体运动的时间、但仍有一些功能需要完善.     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPC Ⅱ

BEPC Ⅱ,the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC),is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity,so an efficient and stable injector is required.Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used.A new diagnostic instrument--wire scanner,has been designed and will be used to nleasure the profile of the linac beam of BEPC Ⅱ.This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire.Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software-ANSYS(R),2) are presented and discussed.     

陕北侏罗纪富镜煤和富惰煤分子结构的FTIR，XPS和13C NMR表征

侏罗纪优质煤炭资源为煤制油、制气等清洁高效利用提供了丰富的物质基础,其显微组分以富集惰质组为特征,而镜质组与惰质组大分子结构在很大程度上决定了煤的物理化学性质和工艺性能,进而决定了煤炭资源的综合利用效率及附加值。采集并制备了陕北侏罗纪煤田小保当煤矿和柠条塔煤矿的原煤(XR)、富镜质组煤(XV、NV)和富惰质组煤(XI、NI)样品,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、固体13C核磁共振谱(13C NMR)等手段,结合煤质分析结果,定量表征了不同显微组分富集物分子结构的差异。研究结果表明：XI和NI煤中芳烃结构芳环取代程度低,主要以3个相邻、4~5个相邻的氢原子形式存在,苯环上氢原子较少被其他官能团取代,同时其结构中芳烃C═C骨架振动明显,脂肪结构中亚甲基伸缩振动强度较低,并且甲基含量略高于富镜煤,C═O基团相对含量略高,表明富惰煤有较多含氧桥键相连的芳香结构,其结构中脂族链、脂环基团脱落、断裂以及芳烃富集,支链相对较少且长度较短,芳碳率、芳香度、芳环缩合程度及成熟度较高。XV和NV煤中表面结构中碳的赋存形态“C—C,C—H”,“C—O”的相对含量高于富惰煤,反映其结构中应含较多的芳环取代的脂肪族侧链,XI和NI煤表面结构中氧的赋存形态以“C—O”为主,“C═O”和“COO—”明显高于富镜煤。XV和XI煤的芳碳率分别为57.91%和66.02%,脂甲基碳分别为10.02%和7.84%,质子化芳碳为非质子化芳碳的两倍,XV煤的羰基和羧基碳相对含量较高,两者桥碳和周碳之比分别为0.25和0.40,芳香核结构平均缩合环数分别为2.68和3.03,平均尺寸分别为0.448和0.676 nm,XI煤结构中芳香核以萘和蒽为主,支链化度L_γ分别为0.22和0.19,表明XV比XI存在较多脂肪侧链、饱和环结构,生烃(油)潜力大。     

Spectroscopic and nano-molecular modeling investigation on the binary and ternary bindings of colchicine and lomefloxacin to Human serum albumin with the viewpoint of multi-drug therapy

Combination of several drugs is often necessary especially during long-term therapy. The competitive binding drugs can cause a decrease in the amount of drug bound to protein and increase the biological active fraction of the drug. The aim of this study is to analyze the interactions of Lomefloxacin (LMF) and Colchicine (COL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate the mechanism of simultaneous binding of LMF and COL to protein. Fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the effect of drugs on the protein fluorescence and to define the binding and quenching properties of drugs-HSA complexes. The binding sites for LMF and COL were identified in tertiary structure of HSA with the use of spectrofluorescence analysis. The analysis of fluorescence quenching of HSA in the binary and ternary systems show that LMF does not affect the complex formed between COL and HSA. On the contrary, COL decreases the interaction between LMF and HSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra of binary and ternary systems show that binding of LMF and COL to HSA can induce micro-environmental and conformational changes in HSA. The simultaneous presence of LMF and COL in binding to HSA should be taken into account in the multi-drug therapy, and necessity of using a monitoring therapy owning to the possible increase of the uncontrolled toxic effects. Molecular modeling of the possible binding sites of LMF and COL in binary and ternary systems to HSA confirms the spectroscopic results.     

二阶导数荧光分光光度法同时测定色氨酸和酷氨酸

本文描述了用二阶导数荧光光度法同时测定色氨酸和酪氨酸。在 p H 7.4的条件下 ,用 2 2 1nm作为激发波长 ,记录色氨酸和酪氨酸的发射光谱 ,并进行二阶导数处理。色氨酸在 318nm处 ,酪氨酸在 2 83nm处 ,二阶导数峰高与浓度成线性关系。色氨酸工作曲线的线性回归方程为 c =0 .0 0 0 7H - 0 .0 0 4,r =0 .996 4,线性范围为 0 .0 0 4到 0 .2 0 0μg . m L- 1 。酪氨酸工作曲线的线性回归方程为 c =0 .0 0 12 H -0 .0 0 40 ,r=0 .9971。线性范围为 0 .0 0 2到 0 .2 5 0 μg· m L- 1 。实验了 p H、温度和干扰离子对测定的影响 ,测定了苹果中的色氨酸和酪氨酸的含量 ,回收率分别为 (92 .0～ 10 4.0 ) %和 (98.70～ 10 2 .0 ) % ,相对标准偏差分别为 3.5 %和 2 .8%。     

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

Modeling Gain Dynamics in EDFAs: Space-Resolved Versus Lumped Models

We present a detailed comparison of dynamic space- and frequency-resolved and lumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) models. The space- and frequency-resolved models are based on an iterative solution of propagation equations for pump, multiple signals, and spectral components of forward and backward propagating amplified spontaneous powers and rate equations for pump, metastable, and ground energy level population densities of erbium ion. In contrast to space-resolved models, the lumped model solves a single ordinary differential equation for time evolution of the length-averaged metastable level population and is therefore substantially less computer time consuming. Both the space, and frequency-resolved and the lumped models give almost identical results when used for an analysis of surviving channel power excursions in concatenated EDFAs fed by multiwavelength signal and add/drop scenarios. For a statistical analysis of output power and signal-tonoise ratio fluctuations in EDFA cascades fed by burst-mode packet traffic, only lumped models can be used.     

镧和铕与邻菲罗啉谷氨酸配合物的NMR和IR研究

合成了稀土镧和铕与谷氨酸，邻菲罗啉形成的二元及三元配合物，经元素分析确定该配合物的组成为Ｌｎ（ｐｈｅｎ）（Ｇｌｕ）３．７Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｅｕ）；Ｅｕ（Ｇｌｕ）３；１２Ｈ２Ｏ。用核磁共振和红外光谱研究与配体与稀土离子的配位方式，讨论了稀土离子的顺磁性及屏蔽效应对配合物的ＮＭＲ谱图的影响。     

Influences of Quantum and Disorder Effects on Solitons Excited in Protein Molecules in Improved Model

Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants, except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.     

基于多光谱图像分析的温室黄瓜叶片营养元素检测与诊断

采用CCD照相机加滤光片的方法,进行了基于多光谱图像分析的温室黄瓜叶片营养元素检测与诊断研究。对近红外光波段的叶片图像分别采用遗传算法和分水岭算法进行阈值选取,对两种算法二值化的效果进行对比分析,结果表明采用分水岭方法分割的图像,边界清晰,噪音小,与原图像更接近,背景和叶片分离的效果更好。NDVI与叶面积、叶片含氮量之间有明显的线性关系,R2分别为： 0.820 9和0.701 7。GNDVI与叶面积、叶片的含氮量之间也有较高的线性关系,R2分别为： 0.762 5和0.676 2。RVI与叶面积之间有明显的线性相关关系,R2为0.857 7,但与叶片的含氮量之间则包含了非线性成分,R2为0.598 8。以上结果表明,CCD照相机加滤光片可以作为一种作物含氮量信息的快速诊断方法。