无机/有机复合载体负载乙酰丙酮铁/双亚胺基吡啶催化剂及其乙烯聚合

采用溶胶-凝胶法,将苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(PSA)包覆于955 Davison硅胶上得到无机/有机复合微球载体,并在2,6-二[1-(2-异丙基苯基亚胺基)乙基]吡啶/Fe(acac)3均相催化剂中浸渍后得到负载型双亚胺基吡啶铁催化剂.该催化剂在生产高结晶度(72%)聚乙烯的同时,还能生产一定量的α-烯烃.考察了不同膜材料以及聚合条件(不同助催化剂,压力,温度,Al/Fe摩尔比)对聚合活性以及聚合产物性能的影响,发现温度对聚合产物的α-烯烃与聚乙烯的质量比影响最大,助催化剂类型既影响催化剂的活性,也对最终产物的性质有着很大的影响.氯化镁处理的PSA作为膜材料时,负载2,6-二[1-(2-异丙基苯基亚胺基)乙基]吡啶/Fe(acac)3所得到聚乙烯分子量较低(Mw=11.9×104),结晶度较大(72%),熔融指数MI较高(2.35 g/10min),可作为双峰聚乙烯中的低分子量部分加以利用.     

锌活化Fe/Co/N掺杂的生物质碳基高效氧还原催化剂

为了推动清洁能源-燃料电池的广泛应用, 迫切需要研发成本低、 原料来源广泛的过渡金属基高效氧还原反应(ORR)催化材料, 来替代目前使用的贵金属铂基催化材料. 本文以铁和钴等非贵金属离子作为催化材料的主要活性位点, 通过金属-羧基/羟基螯合键原位预锚定在具有三维(3D)孔道结构、 富含羧基和羟基以及极易在水溶液中形成凝胶网络的海洋生物质材料海藻酸钠上, 经冷冻干燥得到气凝胶; 然后通过高温碳化, 得到活性位点均匀分布在具有多级孔结构的碳骨架中的高活性、 高稳定的Co/Zn/Fe/N@bio-C-2氧还原催化剂材料, 该催化剂包含2种不同的铁基活性材料(Fe₂O₃和Fe)以及2种不同的钴基活性材料(CoO和Co).利用硝酸锌作为活化剂来改善催化材料的孔道结构, 使制备碳材料的总面积从149.3 m²/g增加到325.3 m²/g. 通过一系列对比实验发现, Fe/Co双活性位点与合适比表面积的协同作用使得Co/Zn/Fe/N@bio-C-2获得了最佳的ORR催化活性.其在0.1 mol/L KOH溶液中起始电位达到0.99 V, 半波电位可达0.87 V.     

金属改性硅基介孔材料及其加氢脱硫研究进展

硅基介孔材料具有孔径分布均一、孔道结构独特、比表面积高等优点,其在石油产品加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂载体中的应用成为近年来研究的热点。但在实际应用过程中硅基介孔材料的耐硫性差、路径选择性低等局限性也逐渐显现出来,针对此类问题,近年来的研究集中在硅基材料的改性工作上。本文综述了近年来金属改性的硅基介孔材料应用于油品加氢脱硫的研究现状,重点讨论了铝、钛、锆等金属的引入对硅基介孔材料基本结构(比表面积、孔容和孔径)、酸性和HDS催化活性的影响。分析总结了经金属改性的硅基介孔材料作为HDS催化剂载体的优点和不足,并展望了其未来的应用前景。     

Synthesis of Nanoporous Carbon–Cobalt‐Oxide Hybrid Electrocatalysts by Thermal Conversion of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Nanoporous carbon–cobalt‐oxide hybrid materials are prepared by a simple, two‐step, thermal conversion of a cobalt‐based metal–organic framework (zeolitic imidazolate framework‐9, ZIF‐9). ZIF‐9 is carbonized in an inert atmosphere to form nanoporous carbon–metallic‐cobalt materials, followed by the subsequent thermal oxidation in air, yielding nanoporous carbon–cobalt‐oxide hybrids. The resulting hybrid materials are evaluated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) in a KOH electrolyte solution. The hybrid materials exhibit similar catalytic activity in the ORR to the benchmark, commercial, Pt/carbon black catalyst, and show better catalytic activity for the OER than the Pt‐based catalyst.     

杂原子掺碳材料氧还原催化剂研究进展

开发替代Pt类高活性、低成本的非贵金属燃料电池阴极氧还原催化剂是实现燃料电池商业化的必由之路. 研发催化活性高,稳定性好,价格便宜的非贵金属催化剂是当务之急. 碳纳米材料,尤其杂原子掺杂的碳纳米材料有其独特的结构和催化性能而备受瞩目. 本文结合作者课题组的研究工作,综述了近年杂原子掺杂碳纳米材料催化剂燃料电池阴极氧电催化还原方面的研究进展.     

Chemical Immobilization of Heteropolyacid Catalyst on Inorganic Mesoporous Material for use as an Oxidation Catalyst

Recent progress on the chemical immobilization of heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst on inorganic mesoporous material is reported in this review. Mesostructured cellular foam silica, mesoporous carbon, and nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon were used as supporting materials. The mesoporous materials were modified to have a positive charge, and thus, to provide sites for the immobilization of HPA catalyst. By taking advantage of the overall negative charge of heteropolyanion, the HPA catalyst was chemically immobilized on the surface-modified mesoporous material as a charge-compensating component. Characterization results showed that the HPA catalyst was finely and molecularly dispersed on the surface of mesoporous material via strong chemical immobilization, and that the pore structure of mesoporous material was still maintained even after the immobilization of HPA catalyst. The supported HPA catalysts were applied to the model vapor-phase ethanol conversion, 2-propanol conversion, and methacrolein oxidation reactions. The supported HPA catalyst showed a better oxidation catalytic activity than the unsupported HPA catalyst in the model reactions. The enhanced oxidation catalytic performance of the supported HPA catalyst was attributed to the finely dispersed HPA catalyst, which was chemically immobilized on the positive site of mesoporous material by sacrificing its proton (Brönsted acid site). The HPA catalyst chemically immobilized on mesoporous material served as an excellent oxidation catalyst.     

Preparation of nickel-mesoporous materials and their application to the hydrodechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds

Mesoporous materials have attracted considerable attention for use as a catalyst or a catalyst support due to their remarkable textural properties such as high surface area and large pore volume with a narrow pore size distribution. Many efforts have been made to design mesoporous materials for use in heterogeneous catalyst systems. Recent progress and results regarding the preparation of nickel-mesoporous materials and their application to the hydrodechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds were discussed in this review. Mesoporous materials were used as a support for nickel catalyst or a nickel-incorporated mesoporous catalytic material in this work. Two research areas were described and discussed in this review. One is the preparation of mesoporous alumina-supported nickel catalysts and their application to the hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloropropane and o-dichlorobenzene. The other is the preparation of mesoporous silica-supported nickel catalysts and their application to the hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane and chlorobenzene.     

Trial Test of Supported Nanosized Catalyst in Catalytic Reformate Hydrotreating Reaction

Nanostructured particles are a new kind of materials whose size is less than 100 nm. It is obvious that the properties(e.g. electronic, magnetic, catalytic, optical and themal etc) of nano-particles are more excellent than those of traditional materials because of high specific surface area and special structure. Up to now, nano-particles have been studied and will be developed as a new kind of catalysts in the oil and chemical industry as well as environment protection fields. In this paper, catalytic properties of the nano-Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied for catalytic reformate hydrotreating reaction.     

原子层沉积：一种多相催化剂“自下而上”气相制备新策略

多相催化剂是极为重要的一类催化剂,在许多重要工业反应中扮演关键角色。然而,传统的湿化学合成手段在很多情况下难以做到对催化剂活性位点的结构、组成以及其周围局部环境的原子级精细调控,继而给优化催化剂性能、理解多相催化机理带来较大的挑战。原子层沉积(ALD)是一种气相催化剂合成技术,其原理是基于两种前驱体蒸汽交替进样并在载体表面上发生分子层面上的“自限制”反应,实现目标材料在载体表面上的精准沉积。利用其分子层面上的“自限制”反应特性,并通过改变沉积周期数、次序和种类等方法可以实现对催化剂活性位结构的原子级精细控制,进而为人们提供了一种催化剂“自下而上”精细可控合成的新策略。在本文中,我们总结了利用ALD方法在负载型单金属和双金属催化剂精细设计方面的进展,讨论了ALD方法在设计高效催化剂方面的特点与优势。特别地,我们总结了利用ALD方法制备单原子和双原子结构金属催化剂的方法与策略。此外,我们总结了利用氧化物可控沉积精准调控金属催化活性中心周围的微环境,从而实现提升催化剂活性、选择性和稳定性的方法。最后我们展望了ALD技术在催化剂制备领域中应用的潜力。     

Supramolecular Strategies for the Recycling of Homogeneous Catalysts

Supramolecular approaches are increasingly used in the development of homogeneous catalysts and they also provide interesting new tools for the recycling of metal-based catalysts. Various non-covalent interactions have been utilized for the immobilization homogeneous catalysts on soluble and insoluble support. By non-covalent anchoring the supported catalysts obtained can be recovered via (nano-) filtration or such catalytic materials can be used in continuous flow reactors. Specific benefits from the reversibility of catalyst immobilization by non-covalent interactions include the possibility to re-functionalize the support material and the use as “boomerang” type catalyst systems in which the catalyst is captured after a homogeneous reaction. In addition, new reactor design with implemented recycling strategies becomes possible, such as a reverse-flow adsorption reactor (RFA) that combines a homogeneous reactor with selective catalyst adsorption/desorpion. Next to these non-covalent immobilization strategies, supramolecular chemistry can also be used to generate the support, for example by generation of self-assembled gels with catalytic function. Although the stability is a challenging issue, some self-assembled gel materials have been successfully utilized as reusable heterogeneous catalysts. In addition, catalytically active coordination cages, which are frequently used to achieve specific activity or selectivity, can be bound to support by ionic interactions or can be prepared in structured solid materials. These new heterogenized cage materials also have been used successfully as recyclable catalysts.     

Preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) by using a SbF5-attached catalyst

In this report, a simple process for preparing HFC-245fa through the reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (PCP) and anhydrous HF via two-step vapor-phase catalytic fluorination is described. The antimony pentafluoride catalyst was supported on inert porous materials to improve the catalytic activity. The resulting process catalyst not only exhibited high catalytic activity and excellent thermo-stability, but also improved the performance of SbF₅, in terms of hygroscopicity and corrosion.     

量子机器学习在催化化学研究中的应用

量子机器学习融合了量子化学与机器学习的优点,具有比传统密度泛函理论更快的计算速度和更高的准确性.量子机器学习可为复杂、多维、多尺度的催化化学提供更智能和有效的研究方式,通过训练可靠的数据及建立合理的模型和算法,快速、准确地预测最优的催化剂设计参数、最佳的催化剂材料的合成方法和反应条件、以及催化剂结构和性能之间的关系.作者就量子机器学习应用于催化材料的设计、催化反应性能和催化反应机理三方面的发展趋势进行了概述.     

光热催化还原二氧化碳反应器研究进展

光热催化还原技术是二氧化碳资源化的研究热点之一。设计高效的新型催化剂材料,是构建有效的光热催化反应体系的重要内容,而开发与催化材料适配的反应器,则可以最大化地发挥催化剂的性能,是光热催化放大反应的关键。本文综述了光热催化反应器的不同形式,讨论了光热催化关键变量温度、光照、给料类型和运行方式对反应器设计的影响。总结了反应器设计的局限性和挑战性,为光热催化还原二氧化碳的技术发展提出了展望。     

Design and applications of a home-built in situ FT-Raman spectroscopic cell

In the field of heterogeneous catalysis, in situ spectroscopy is one of the topics with growing interest. The characterization of a catalyst under working conditions is essential to identify the catalytic active site and to study the relation between the surface structure of a catalyst and its catalytic performance. For the first time, the design of an in situ spectroscopic cell for FT-Raman is presented and its performance is demonstrated by monitoring the thermal conversion of as synthesized mesoporous titanium and by characterizing the molecular surface structure of the vanadium oxides grafted on MCM-48 after exposure to a probe molecule. The results in both cases indicate that the in situ FT-Raman cell is a promising technique for characterizing the molecular surface structure of catalyst materials.     

稀土催化材料的应用及研究进展

稀土元素具有未充满电子的4f轨道和镧系收缩等特征,当用作催化剂的活性组分或载体时常常表现出独特的催化性能. 稀土催化材料的研究和发展为La和Ce等高丰度轻稀土元素的高质、高效利用提供了有效的途径. 目前稀土催化材料在石油化工、化石燃料的催化燃烧、机动车尾气净化、工业废气治理和固体氧化物燃料电池等领域发挥着重要的作用. 本文综述了稀土催化材料的应用以及理论研究进展,重点讨论了稀土元素对所涉及催化剂的结构、活性和稳定性等的影响.     

介孔硅材料及其负载型催化剂去除挥发性有机物的最新进展

介孔硅材料由于具有大的比表面积,均一的孔结构和大的孔径,常被用于分离、吸附和催化等领域.本文综述了近年来国内外介孔硅材料及其负载型催化剂去除各类挥发性有机物(VOCs)的研究进展,主要包括烃类、甲醇、甲醛、丙酮、苯、甲苯、萘、乙酸乙酯等.讨论了介孔硅材料的结构对VOCs吸附过程的影响;介绍了不同催化剂消除各类VOCs的催化性能及反应机理,并重点评述了甲苯在不同催化剂上的研究进展.分析结果表明,介孔硅材料的表面环境、孔道结构以及宏观形貌是影响VOCs分子在介孔硅材料上吸附的主要因素;贵金属催化剂的应用需要提高其抗中毒性以及降低成本;过渡金属的研究应着重于研发高活性的负载型过渡金属复合氧化物催化剂.最后对国内外介孔硅材料及其负载型催化剂的发展进行了展望,今后催化剂的设计可以从“氧化硅载体”和“介孔孔道”两个方面展开,这将为设计合适的催化剂处理各类VOCs污染物提供一定参考.     

LaMnO_3稀土纳米材料及催化性能

钙钛矿型复合氧化物（ ABO3）有稳定的结构和良好的高温性能,其中 La-Mn-O系列的钙钛矿材料具有很好的催化活性,但采用固相反应等方法制备的样品其比表面一般不超过 10 m2· g－ 1,反应活性受到限制 [1].纳米材料粒径较小,比表面较大,具有独特的物理化学性能,是一种有应用前景的新型催化材料 .目前,纳米材料的制备方法有喷雾冷冻干燥法 [2]、 共沉淀法 [3]或溶胶-凝胶法 [4－ 7]等 .本文用 NaOH-Na2CO3共沉淀法制备出纳米级 LaMnO3钙钛矿,并研究了其对 CO、 HC和 NO的催化性能 .1实验1.1样品制备　　纳米钙钛矿粉末制备方…     

Catalytic enantioselective peroxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones

Despite the potential of chiral peroxides as biologically interesting or even clinically important compounds, no catalytic enantioselective peroxidation has been reported. With a chiral catalyst not only to induce enantioselectivity but also to convert a well established epoxidation pathway into a peroxidation pathway, the first efficient catalytic peroxidation has been successfully developed. Employing readily available alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and hydroperoxides and an easily accessible cinchona alkaloid catalyst, this novel reaction will open new possibilities in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral peroxides. Under different conditions a highly enantioselective epoxidation with the same starting materials, reagents, and catalyst has was also established.     

离子液体接枝的有机介孔催化剂的制备及催化碳酸丙烯酯水解反应

以甲基咪唑和3-氯-1丙醇为原料合成离子液体（1-羟丙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,NpmimBF4）,并将其接枝固载到有机介孔材料（FDU-15）上,合成制备了有机介孔催化剂（NpmimBF4- FDU）。采用热重、Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱及透射电子显微镜等技术手段对催化剂结构进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在碳酸丙烯酯（PC）水解反应中的催化性能,结果表明,该催化体系在常压下能有效催化碳酸丙烯酯水解生成1,2-丙二醇。在催化剂的质量分数为4%、温度80 ℃、反应时间2 h的条件下,1,2-丙二醇的产率大于99%。经简单分离后催化剂可重复使用5次,但活性变化较大。同时对催化碳酸丙烯酯水解生成1,2-丙二醇（PG）的反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

层状材料及催化

LDHs（1ayered double hydroxides）是一类结构可调的阴离子层状及插层结构功能材料,近些年来在催化领域得到了广泛的关注．本文综述了有关LDHs材料构筑原则的理论研究、组装方法及其在多相催化领域应用的最新进展．