钡铁氧体纳米复合材料的制备及其微波吸收性能

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)凝胶法制备了Ba(Zn1－xCox)2Fe16O27复合氧化物纳米材料，用X射线衍射分析对产物进行了表征.将制得的材料与传统的微波吸收剂铁粉结合起来，制成双层复合的吸波涂层，进行测试.实验结果表明，所制材料对微波具有良好的吸收性能.并进一步对纳米复合材料的吸波机理进行了探讨.     

Synthesis of Magnetic Nickel Ferrite Microspheres and Their Microwave Absorbing Properties

NiFe₂O₄ microspheres were synthesized using a solvothermal method. The morphologies and structures of NiFe₂O₄ micropheres were characterized via a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM), a transmission electron microscope(TEM) and an X-ray diffractometer(XRD). The NiFe₂O₄ microspheres were around 150-200 nm in diameter and assembled by nanoparticles. The magnetic and electromagnetic parameters were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer and a vector network analyzer, respectively. The obtained products exhibited a saturation magnetization of 60.8 A·m²·kg^-1 at room temperature. A minimum reflection loss(RL) of -27.8 dB was observed at 9.2 GHz with a thickness of 3.5 mm, and the effective absorption frequency(RL<-10 dB) ranged from 8.2 GHz to 11.2 GHz, indicating the excellent microwave absorption performance of the NiFe₂O₄ microspheres in the X-band frequencies.     

微波技术在合成半纤维素高吸水树脂中的研究

首次以粘胶纤维生产过程中产生的半纤维素废碱液为原料,以丙烯酸为接枝单体,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,分别采用常规加热法和微波辐射法制备半纤维素高吸水树脂,并利用红外光谱仪及扫描电子显微镜对树脂的结构和形貌进行了表征。对比分析了两种方法的反应时间及产物吸水性能,结果表明:两种方法均成功合成了半纤维素高吸水树脂,且利用微波辐射技术可显著缩短反应时间,其产物也具有更高的吸水率及吸水速率。     

The Preparation of Slag Fiber and Its Application in Microwave Absorption

In this research, the slag fibers coming from water‐quenched slags by using thermal plasma technology were successfully prepared and introduced into epoxy resin to be microwave absorber. The fiber‐blowing equipment for manufacturing slag fibers through controlling the nozzle angle and vertical distance from the nozzle to the melt outlet was also studied. The spectroscopic characterization of the formation processes of slag fiber was studied by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), inductively‐coupled plasma (ICP), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave absorbing properties of the slag fibers and thermal plastic resin were investigated by measuring reflection loss in the 2–18 and 18–40 GHz microwave frequency range using the free space method. It was found that the composite specimens of slag fiber and thermal plastic resin had the best microwave absorption due to the reflection losses between from −4 to −8 dB and from −11 to −17 dB at frequencies between 2–18 and 18–40 GHz.     

高吸水性树脂的吸水机理

高吸水性树脂是三度空间网络聚合物，是高分子电介质。在高分子网络链上嵌有可电离的离子对，遇水形成离子网络。该树脂能吸收自身重量几百倍至几千倍的水，且保水性好，即使在压力下，水也不从中溢出。其吸水机理可用Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ热力学公式来解释。     

微波辐射对淀粉结构及性质的影响

简单地介绍了微波对淀粉的辐射作用,并综述了微波辐射对淀粉形态结构和结晶结构以及淀粉凝胶化性质、热性质等影响的国内外研究进展,如微波辐射可改变淀粉颗粒形状、结晶结构及其结晶度.微波辐射时间及辐射能等技术参数能够改变淀粉的凝胶化性质,而淀粉的含水量也是重要的影响因素.淀粉的溶解性、润胀性和吸水性都会因微波辐射而较原淀粉下降.     

Synthesis and Microwave Absorption Properties of BaTiO3-polypyrrole Composite

BaTiO₃ powders are prepared by sol-gel method by cotton template. Polypyrrole is pre-pared by chemical oxidation route in the emulsion polymerization system. Then BaTiO₃-polypyrrole composites with different mixture ratios are prepared by as-prepared material.The structure, morphology, and properties of the composites are characterized with Infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and net-wok analyzer. The com-plex permittivity and reflection loss of the composites are measured at different microwave frequencies in S-band and C-band (0.03—6 GHz) employing vector network analyzer model PNA 3629D vector. The effect of the mass ratio of BaTiO₃ to polypyrrole on the microwave loss properties of the composites is investigated. A possible microwave absorbing mechanism of BaTiO₃-polypyrrole composite is proposed. The BaTiO₃-polypyrrole composite can find applications in suppression of electromagnetic interference and reduction of radar signature.     

乙酸基和羟基对固化的环氧树脂吸水性能的影响

应用称重法、差示扫描量热法和腐蚀测试法研究固化的环氧树脂的吸水行为。实验结果表明,该树脂中的羟基改为乙酸基后可降低树脂的饱和吸水率,并增大水在树脂中的扩散能力。邻甲酚环氧树脂用乙酸线型酚醛酯树脂固化后所得的树脂(EPA)在30℃时饱和吸水率为0.84%(质量分数),而用线型酚醛树脂固化所得的树脂(EP)的则为1.97%;水在EPA和EP中的扩散活化能分别为40和48kJ.mol^-1.这可归因于乙酸基中的甲基的憎水性,降低了吸水率,却因乙酸基的弱相互作用增强了链的柔顺性,而有利于水在链空间中的扩散。EPA涂层/金属铝界面的特殊结构降低了该界面的吸水率,从而提高了该涂层的防护性能。     

Fe-Ni/C复合纳米纤维的原位制备与微波吸收性能

采用静电纺丝技术结合稳定化和碳化处理原位制备了Fe-Ni/C复合纳米纤维, 其平均直径约为215 nm, 所生成的Fe-Ni合金纳米颗粒较均匀地分布在碳基纳米纤维的内部和表面, 且被石墨化碳层所包覆. 以Fe-Ni/C复合纳米纤维为吸收剂、 硅橡胶为基质制备成吸波涂层, 研究了碳化温度对电磁特性和微波吸收性能的影响. 结果表明, 涂层厚度为1.2~2.0 mm、 Fe-Ni/C复合纳米纤维质量分数为5%的吸波涂层表现出优良的微波吸收性能, 在7.4~18 GHz频率范围内的反射损耗均低于-20 dB; 随着复合纳米纤维的碳化温度由800 ℃升高到1200 ℃, 由于阻抗匹配特性的改善, 吸波涂层的微波吸收能力逐步加强, 其最小反射损耗由-22.6 dB降低到-63.0 dB.     

羧甲基纤维素钠辅助磁性Fe_3S_4纳米复合物的合成及其吸附与吸波性质研究

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为模板,采用简单温和的水热法制备了一种薄片状含碳Fe3S4纳米复合物,并探讨了反应时间和反应温度的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、FT IR、振动磁强计和UV-Vis对材料进行了表征。结果表明,这种纳米复合材料在常温下具有较好的吸波性质和对污水中亚甲基蓝染料的吸附作用。     

Water absorption effects on hydrophilic polymer matrix of carboxyl functionalized glucose resin and epoxy resin

The effects of water absorption on hydrophilic polymer matrices based on carboxylic functionalized glucose (glucose maleic acid ester vinyl resin) and epoxy resins were studied as a function of curing temperature. The matrix cured at higher temperature shows compact crosslinks due to the higher concentration of ether bonds comparing to the matrix cured at the lower temperature. The polymer matrices cured at different temperatures were immersed in water at room temperature for 1000 h and the thermomechanical properties of the cured polymers were characterized using DMA and TGA. Two types of sorbed water were identified. Type I sorbed water contributed mainly to increasing the weight and to the decrease in T_g due to a plasticizer effect. Type II sorbed water was not removed after heating the polymer to 110 °C for an hour. Type II sorbed water causes changes in the mechanical properties of the polymers cured at different temperatures depending on the crosslinks of the matrix. The cured matrix at the higher temperature has the comparatively tight crosslinks in the network structure and the sorbed water molecule disturbed the polymer network resulting in the degradation of the matrix such as microcracks.     

Mo对猝冷Ni-Mo骨架催化剂结构和催化性能的影响

采用猝冷法制备了不同Mo含量的Ni-Mo-Al合金,经碱处理活化后得到猝冷Ni-Mo骨架催化剂．以ICP,N2物理吸附,XRD,H2-TPD等手段对合金及催化剂的物化性质进行了表征．结果表明,随着Mo含量的增加,合金中依次出现Ni16Mo10Al74,MoAl3物相,同时NiAl3相减少,Ni2Al3相增加．Mo的存在使合金中更多的铝被抽提,减少了催化剂中残留的Ni2Al3物相,催化剂的比表面积、平均孔径、孔容和晶粒尺寸均随Mo含量增加而减小．将催化剂用于2-乙基蒽醌加氢反应,发现Mo加快了反应速率,同时抑制了降解产物的产生．在催化剂中Mo含量达到2．47wt％时,双氧水的得率可达到100％．结合M晶粒大小、表面吸附氢状态、Mo的化学态,进一步讨论了Mo对猝冷Ni-Mo骨架催化件能的修饰作用．     

Fe_3O_4空心球/石墨烯复合吸波材料的制备及其性能

利用化学法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)与石墨烯(RGO),然后以水热法制备Fe3O4空心球/RGO复合吸波材料。XRD测试结果表明成功合成了具有立方结构的Fe3O4;SEM,TEM分析结果表明复合材料结构分布均匀,粒径约为100 nm。测试了材料在2~18 GHz波段的电磁参数,模拟计算了材料的反射率,结果显示复合材料的吸波性能比RGO有明显提升。当匹配厚度为7 mm时,复合材料具有两个吸收峰:在5.5 GHz处吸收峰为–9.5 d B,在16.5GHz处出现最大吸收峰–36 d B。     

微波辐射对纳米ZnO材料物理性质与光催化活性的影响

在采用沉淀法制备ZnO的过程中, 用不同功率(100, 150, 200, 250和300 W)的微波辐射ZnO前驱体, 获得了一系列纳米ZnO材料, 并对合成材料的晶型结构、 形貌及表面物理化学性质进行了表征. 结果表明, 与普通沉淀法制备的ZnO相比, 使用微波辐射后ZnO半导体材料的晶型仍为六方纤锌矿结构, 但吸收光谱发生了蓝移或红移, 且比表面积均有不同程度的增加. 同时, 微波辐射功率不同, ZnO形貌差异明显, 并随着微波功率变化分别呈现纳米颗粒、 椭圆形纳米团簇、 纳米片和球状纳米簇等多样化形态. 以罗丹明B为模型分子, 分别在紫外及微波辅助光催化条件下考察了所合成纳米ZnO材料的光催化性能. 结果显示, 经不同功率微波辐射作用后, ZnO的光催化活性均得到了不同程度的提高, 并且明显高于市售P25和未经微波辐射作用的ZnO.     

Co/C微波吸收性能及Co/C-聚氨酯相变复合材料的微波-热转换性能

通过热解金属有机骨架ZIF-67的方法成功制备了具有优异微波吸收性能的Co/C碳基复合材料。 在600 ℃热解温度下获得的吸收剂质量分数为35% 的样品,最小反射损耗可达到-54.30 dB,其厚度仅为1.75 mm。 通过分析样品的损耗能力和阻抗匹配等微波吸收特性,发现复合材料中的骨架结构等对其阻抗匹配性能有非常大的影响。 并通过原位复合的方法制备了分散均匀的Co/C-PU相变复合材料,初步研究了其微波-热转换性能。 实验表明,微波吸收剂的添加量对其微波-热转换性能影响显著,发热效率随添加量成倍升高。 本文研究的Co/C-PU相变复合材料在电磁屏蔽、雷达红外兼容隐身等方面具有很大的应用潜力。 此外,固固相变材料结合微波热效应的快速高效等特点,用于储能或者其他热应用也有独特的优势。     

自由体积与亲水性对环氧涂层防护性能的影响

报道了涂层聚合物自由体积和亲水性对涂层腐蚀防护性能影响的初步研究结果.实验表明,相对于自由体积,树脂的亲水性是决定树脂吸水率的更主要因素.低亲水性涂层腐蚀防护性能的提高主要源自到达涂层/金属界面的水量的显著降低.但由于采用活性酯固化的环氧树脂涂层中水通道的尺寸相对较大,水合离子扩散较容易,因此该类涂层覆盖下的金属基体被润湿部分的腐蚀趋势反而较一般涂层为大.     

稀土氧化物对Ni-Zn铁氧体/泡沫铝吸波性能的影响

为研究掺杂稀土氧化物对Ni-Zn铁氧体/泡沫铝材料吸波性能,在泡沫铝表面涂覆了单一 Ni-zn铁氧体(记作CFe)和掺杂质量分数为1%的稀土氧化物的Ni-Zn铁氧体复合粉(记作CFe'),利用CJB 2038-94"雷达吸波材料反射率测试方法"中的雷达截面(RCS)法对材料微波反射率进行了测量,扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(xRD)对吸波剂的形貌和物相进行了分析.结果表明,在12～18 GHz频段内,泡沫铝表面涂敷单一的铁氧体其吸收量为1.8 dB,加人稀土氧化物后,其吸波值由1.8 dB增至2.65 dB,在26.5～40 GHz频段内时,添加稀土氧化物后,吸收量有较大的提高,从11 dB增加到15 dB,10 dB带宽扩展近6倍.因此掺杂稀土氧化物是提高吸波材料性能的一种途径.     

Environmentally Sustainable and Chemo‐selectively Favorable Synthesis of Substituted 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones in Water under MWI

In this paper, a novel synthesis of diversely substituted 2H‐pyran‐2‐ones via the tandem reaction of 3‐hydroxyhexa‐4,5‐allenic esters in water under the promotion of MWI has been developed. Compared with those reactions carried out in organic solvents, water mediated synthesis of poly‐substituted 2H‐pyran‐2‐ones is not only environmentally sustainable, but also chemo‐selectively favorable.     

非冻结水对微球复合水凝胶机械性能的影响

本文旨在用DSC的方法研究水凝胶结合水的能力与韧性的关系。 分别以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)或甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFBMA)和烯丙基胺为单体,制备了2种核壳纳米微球(BMA微球和HFBMA微球)。 再以其作为大分子引发剂和交联剂,制备了微球交联复合水凝胶(BMA-H凝胶和HFBMA-H凝胶)。 通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段研究凝胶的结构和性能。 结果表明,HFBMA-H凝胶具有更好的机械性能,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达280 kPa和3960%,远高于BMA-H凝胶(101 kPa,2700%)。 通过对2种复合凝胶体系内不同状态的水进行分析,发现HFBMA-H凝胶的非冻结水的质量分数明显高于BMA-H凝胶,这种非冻结水的增塑作用对于凝胶机械强度的提升具有重要影响。     

Effect of Explicit Water Molecules on the Color‐Tuning Mechanism of the Firefly

The contributions of explicit water molecules to color‐tuning mechanism of firefly were studied. The explicit water molecules cause two different structures in the geometrical parameters of keto(‐1) both in vacuo and aqueous solution. There are somewhat larger influences on absorption and emission spectra. When water molecules were added only on the side of benzothiazole ring, the spectra shift to the blue. In contrast, when waters were added only on the side of the thiazoline ring, the spectra shift to red. In a word, the color modulation of the emitted light depends on charge redistribution of molecule keto(‐1), mainly the charge change of the benzothiazole and thiazole rings at the two terminal in keto(‐1).