首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 14 毫秒
1.
Kahane  Ernest 《Mikrochimica acta》1951,36(1):413-416
Résumé L'emploi de mercure comme bain liquide dans le tube deThiele présente l'avantage d'assurer une meilleure constance de température, l'effet de conduction venant s'ajouter à l'effet de convection.Afin de permettre la lecture, le tube à substance est aplati et il est fixé contre la paroi, également aplatie, du tube deThiele.
Summary The use of mercury as the liquid in theThiele tube has the advantage of guaranteeing a better constancy of temperature; the effect of conduction being added to the convection effect. To permit reading, the sample tube is flattened, and it is fastened against the side of theThiele tube, which is likewise flattened.

Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung von Quecksilber als Badflüssigkeit im Schmelzpunktapparat vonThiele bietet durch Ausnützung der Flüssigkeitsströmung und der Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Materials den Vorteil erhöhter Temperaturkonstanz.Zwecks Beobachtung der zu untersuchenden Substanz wird die abgeplattete Schmelzpunktskapillare unmittelbar an einer gleichfalls planen Stelle der Innenwandung des Schmelzpunktsapparates angebracht.


Avec 1 figure.  相似文献   

2.
The paper opens with a critical study of several factors affecting the reaction of mercury (II) with p-dimethylaminobenzalrhodanine. The second part of the paper reviews the method ofcyanidedetermination formerly recommended by OHlweiur2,3 based on the mashing action of cyanide ion on the color reaction of the mercuric ion with the organic reagent mentioned above. In order to avoid difficulties in keeping acidity strictly adjusted and the interference of foreigns salts, this article suggests the previous separation of the cyanide by microdiffusion and its absorption in a mercuric nitrate solution, following Conway's technique. Quantitative diffusion of CN- up to 6 γ takes place in one hour at room temperature of approximately 27° C and in one hour at 38° C, when inside an electric oven. Recommended procedure allows the determination up to 6 γ. The standard deviation ranges from 0.02 to 0.05 γ of CN- along the scale of the determinable cyanide quantities.  相似文献   

3.
Résumé La concentration préalable est très intéressante en vue des déterminations analytiques des traces d'éléments qui, en très petite concentration, se trouvent dans les sols de culture, les engrais chimiques, et commes des impuretés, ou des petites quantités des éléments, dans des alliages ou d'autres divers matériaux. Pour cette sorte de microdosage, nous avons spécialement choisi les méthodes spectrochimiques, comme celles les plus convenables pour la détermination simultanée de plusieurs éléments dans les échantillons étudiés. Avec cette concentration préalable des traces d'éléments on obtient dans des méthodes spectrochimiques, l'élimination la plus grande possible des éléments principales qui peuvent troubler ou bien déguiser les lignes appropriées pour le dosage des traces d'éléments. Des divers techniques utilisées pour la concentration préalable nous avons poursuivi spécialement celles qui basent sur l'emploi des réactifs chimiques appropriés, aussi bien qu'à cause de leur spécificité de la précipitation, aussi bien qu'à cause des procès de coprécipitation ou trainage qu'elles provoquent. Parmi les méthodes qui employent des réactifs organiques on a étudié, entre autres, la détermination spectrographique quantitative de petites quantités de bismuth comprises dans des alliages ternaires en base de plomb. On a employé le cupferron comme un réactif sélectif qui précipite le bismuth en présence de plomb et de cadmium, après avoir étudié la zone optime deph (0,5–1,5) dans laquelle ceci est possible. On a aussi étudié la détermination spectrochimique des traces de baryum à l'égard des diverses problèmes, en concentrant préalablement le baryum moyennant un procès de trainage ou coprécipitation provoqué par le ion sulfate en présence de plomb, qui s'ajoute excessivement, et que nous employons comme étalon interne spectral. Cette méthode a été employée pour le dosage de baryum dans certains procès d'adsorption, étudiés dans nos laboratoires.
Summary The preliminary concentration is of great interest with regard to analytical determinations of traces of elements which occur at very low concentrations in agricultural soils, chemical fertilizers, and as impurities, or of minute quantities of elements in alloys or other divers materials. For this kind of microdetermination, we have especially chosen spectrochemical methods as being the most convenient for the simultaneous determination of several elements in the samples studied. With this preliminary concentration of traces of elements, there is obtained in the spectrochemical methods, the greatest possible elimination of the principal elements which may interfere with or entirely disguise the appropriate lines to be followed for determining the traces of elements. Among the various techniques employed for the preliminary concentration, we have followed especially those which are based on the use of appropriate chemical reagents, both because of there specific precipitating action, or because of the process of coprecipitation or entrainment which they provoke. Among the methods, which utilize organic reagents, there have been studied, for instance, the spectrographic quantitative determination of small quantities of bismuth contained in ternary alloys containing principally lead. Cupferron has been used as a selective reagent, which precipitates bismuth in the presence of lead and cadmium, after establishing the optimalph zone (0,5–1,5) in which this separation is possible. A study has also been made of the spectrochemical determination of barium by means of an entrainment of coprecipitation process brought about by sulfate ion in the presence of lead, added in excess, and which we have used as an internal spectral standard. This method has been used for the determination of barium in certain adsorption processes studied on our laboratories.

Zusammenfassung Die vorhergehende Anreicherung hat für die analytische Bestimmung von Spurenelementen in Ackerböden und im Kunstdünger oder von geringsten Beimengungen und Verunreinigungen in Legierungen oder sonstigem Material große Bedeutung. Wir verwenden für solche Mikrobestimmungen vor allem spektralanalytische Methoden, da sie sich für die gleichzeitige Bestimmung mehrerer Elemente in einer Probe am besten eignen. Mit einer solchen der Spektralanalyse vorangehenden Anreicherung erzielt man die größtmögliche Entfernung der Hauptbestandteile, die die zur spektralanalytischen Bestimmung der Spuren geeigneten Linien stören oder sogar überdecken können. Von den verschiedenen zur Anreicherung geeigneten Verfahren verwenden wir vor allem die mit Hilfe von chemischen Reagenzien, sei es daß sich diese zufolge ihrer Spezifität hierzu besonders eignen, sei es weil sie bei der Niederschlagsbildung die gesuchten Elemente mit ausfällen oder mitschleppen. Unter Zuhilfenahme organischer Reagenzien studierten wir unter anderem die spektralanalytische Bestimmung kleiner Mengen Wismuth, wie sie sich in Legierungen auf Bleibasis finden. Wir verwendeten hierfür als selektives Reagens Cupferron, welches Wismuth in Gegenwart von Blei und Cadmium ausfällt. Als geeignetstesph-Bereich hierfür wurde 0,5 bis 1,5 bestimmt. Weiters untersuchten wir die spektralanalytische Bestimmung von Bariumspuren mit Rücksicht auf gewisse Problemstellungen, indem wir das Barium vorher mit Sulfationen gleichzeitig mit Blei ausfällten, welches im Überschuß zugefügt und von uns als Vergleichssubstanz verwendet wurde. Diese Methode wurde zur Bariumbestimmung bei gewissen Adsorptionsversuchen verwendet, die in unserem Laboratorium durchgeführt werden.


Avec 4 figures.  相似文献   

4.
Résumé Là s'achève notre étude sur la coloration de vanadium quadrivalent avec la formaldoxime, et son application à l'analyse chimique. Cette coloration est la plus sensible parmi les réactions colorées de vanadium connues jusqu'à présent.L'influence de l'excès du réactif et de la température ainsi que celle de diverses substances ont été étudiées. On peut sans inconvénients, réduire la quantité d'échantillon, le réactif employé étant d'une très grande sensibilité.
Summary This completes our study of the coloration produced by quadrivalent vanadium with formaldoxime and its application in analytical chemistry. This color reaction is the most sensitive among those of vanadium discovered hitherto. The influence of the excess of the reagent, of the temperature, as well as that of various substances have been investigated. Since the reagent is so very sensitive, there is no disadvantage in reducing the size of the sample.

Zusammenfassung Die Farbreaktion von Vanadium (IV) mit Formaldoxim und ihre analytische Anwendung wurden untersucht. Sie ist unter den bisher bekannten Farbreaktionen des Vanadiums die empfindlichste. Der durch einen Überschuß an Reagens, durch die Temperatur und durch verschiedene Substanzen auf die Reaktion ausgeübte Einfluß wurde geprüft. Infolge der großen Empfindlichkeit des verwendeten Reagens läßt sich die Probemenge ohne Nachteil sehr gering halten.
  相似文献   

5.
The thrust measured during a drilling test is related to the hardness of the material tested. When the test is performed on a superficially heat-treated specimen, the results do not exactly correspond to the hardness profile obtained by the Vickers micro hardness technique. The difference is due to the integration of heterogeneous resistance along the cutting edge of the conic drill. By discretising the drilled thickness, we have developed an algorithm yielding the hardness of each elemental thickness. Results are very close to those obtained by Vickers hardness profile measurements.  相似文献   

6.
With the help of the CHEVENARD thermobalance, the authors have traced the pyrolysis curves of the precipitates which are used for the gravimetric determination of mercury. The methods in which a period?ate, a molybdate, a vanadate, cupferron, and 2-chloro-7-methoxy-5-thiolacridine are used, have been rejected. Only four methods out of the 21 proposed for the precipitation of metallic mercury have been considered. The dissociation of mercuric nitrate has no interest from the analytical
  相似文献   

7.
Résumé On a étudié les possibilités de l'usage du photomètre de flamme pour la détermination quantitative de quelques éléments fréquents dans diverses alliages ferreuses. Parmi ces éléments on a étudié spécialment le cobalt, le nickel, le chrome et le manganèse. La sensibilité de ces éléments dans les méthodes de photométrie de flamme est petite et leur émissions sont affectées par la grande concentration du fer des échantillons, même dans les aciers avec des teneurs élevées de nickel et de chrome. On doit donc faire une séparation préalable du fer, que nous avons effectuée par extraction avec des solvants organiques, ayant étudié de même les récupérations quantitatives des autres métaux dans les solutions privées de fer. D'autre part on a étudié les interférences mutuelles de ces éléments pour arriver à des conclusions sur les erreurs que peuvent apparaître on cours des mesures. On discute aussi la séparation préalable du nickel et les modes opératoires. Quelques résultats sont donnés sur l'analyse de divers échantillons d'acier et de ferromanganèse. Les différences entre les valeurs photométriques et obtenues par voie chimique sont aussi indiquées.
Summary A study has been made of the use of the flame photometer for determining quantitatively some of the elements found in various ferrous alloys. Among these elements, special studies have been made of cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese. The sensitivity by the high concentration of iron in the samples, even in steels containing much nickel and chromium. Consequently, the iron should be removed beforehand. The writers accomplished this by extraction with organic liquids, after they studied the quantitative recovery of other metals in solutions freed of iron. A study has also been made of the mutual interferences of these elements to arrive at conclusions regarding the errors which may appear during the course of the measurements. A discussion is given of the preliminary separation of nickel and the procedures. Analyses of different samples of steel and ferromanganese are reported. The differences between the photometric values and those obtained by chemical methods are also pointed out.

Zusammenfassung Die Möglichkeit der Verwendung der Flammenphotometrie zur quantitativen Bestimmung einiger Elemente, die sich häufig in Eisenlegierungen finden, wurde untersucht. Besonders Kobalt, Nickel, Chrom und Mangan wurden hierbei in Betracht gezogen. Die Empfindlichkeit der Flammenphotometrie für diese Elemente ist gering. Deren Emission wird durch hohe Eisenkonzentrationen beeinträchtigt, auch wenn der Gehalt an Nickel und Chrom im Stahl beträchtlich ist. Daher muß das Eisen vorher abgetrennt werden. Dies wurde durch Extraktion mit organischen Lösungsmitteln durchgeführt, da festgestellt werden konnte, daß sich die übrigen Elemente in den von Eisen befreiten Lösungen quantitativ auffinden lassen. Weiters wurde die gegenseitige Störung dieser Elemente untersucht, um auf allenfalls dadurch bedingte Fehler aufmerksam zu werden. Die vorhergehende Abtrennung des Nickels und die dazu geeigneten Methoden werden erörtert. Einige Analysenergebnisse von verschiedenen Stählen und Mangan-Eisen-Legierungen werden angeführt. Die sich zwischen photometrischer und chemischer Analyse ergebenden Differenzen werden angegeben.
  相似文献   

8.
In the case of ion exchange Chromatography it is possible to forecast, from the equilibrium constants, the phenomena that occur in frontal analysis of two ions.With the results obtained the separation of two compounds by displacement development can be predicted. In particular it is possible to calculate the minimum distance that a band must travel to obtain a separation of the solutes in zones.The method has been applied to the separation of sodium and potassium ions with the resin Dowex-50, using calcium ions as the developer.  相似文献   

9.
10.
Variable residual stresses are present in the metallic coatings of tungsten and chromium manufactured by PVD and modify the quantities measured by depth-sensing indentation instruments: depth of penetration and contact stiffness for a given load. By considering the results of experiments and numerical simulations we discuss the corrections required for improving the determination of the mechanical characteristics of such coatings.  相似文献   

11.
12.
We wish to propose a novel chiral shift reagent for the determination of enantiomer composition of amino acid derivatives. This reagent, chlorocobalt(III) tetramethylchiroporphyrin CoCl(TMCP), effects quantitative in situ derivatization of amino compounds in the NMR tube, without any detectable kinetic resolution. The influences of the chiral cavity and of the porphyrin ring current on the signals of the coordinated amino acid methyl ester L* can be seen in the high-field region of the 1H NMR spectrum of the bis-adduct [Co(L*)2(TMCP)]+Cl. The signatures of the (R) and (S) ligands are well resolved at 200 MHz, and their relative intensities can be readily determined by peak integration. To cite this article: M. Claeys-Bruno et al., C. R. Chimie 5 (2002) 21–25  相似文献   

13.
14.
The mode of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) temperature-dependence was investigated using water route infection trials in 50 g fish held for 2 h in the Autumn at 11°C (5 × 103 p.f.u./ml water) followed by carefully controled temperature variations. Above 18°C, infection occurred but immunity arose before any mortality appeared. Between 18 and 11°C, clinical disease supervened, but some fish became immune and survived the infection. Under 10°C there was no immunity and the disease was always fatal. Thus the further the temperature is removed from the physiological thermal optimum for the fish, the more serious the prognosis becomes, even if viral replication is itself is slowed by the cold (e. 5°C). It is concluded that the water temperature elevation which naturally occurs in spring is not a necessary factor in SVCV pathogenicity.  相似文献   

15.
The thermolysis curves of yttrium hydroxide and oxalate are described.  相似文献   

16.
A study has been made of the gravimetric methods for the determination of 4- and 6-valent uranium and two new forms of weighing are suggested, as oxalate and anhydrous oxmate. The following table summarizes the temperature limits, determined by means of the Chevenard thermobalance, for various precipitates:
Réactif précipitantForme de peséeLimites de température
ElectrolyseHg<70°
Zinc + Iodure de potassiumHg<72°
HydrazineHg<55°
Acide hypophosphoreuxHg<71°
Acide nitriqueHgO100°–200°
Acide chlorhydriqueCl2Hg2<130°
*Iodure de potassiumI2Hg45°–88°
*Iodate de potassium(IO3)2Hg2<175°
Periodate de potassium(IO3)2Hg2<175°
Sulfure d'ammoniumSHg<109°
*Thiosulfate de sodiumSHg75–220°
Arséniate disodique(AsO4)2Hg345–418°
*Thiocyanate de cobalt[Hg(SCN)4]Co50–200°
Thiocyanate de zinc[Hg(SCN)4]Zn<270°
*Chromate de potassiumCrO4Hg252–256°
Chromate de potassium ammoniacalCrO4Hg252–256°
*Bichromate d 'ammonium + PyridineCr2O7[Hg(C5H5N)2]56–66°
*Sel de Reinecke[Cr(CNS)4(NH3)2]2Hg77–158°
Molybdate alcalin[Cr(CNS)4(NH3)2]2Hg77–158°
Tungstate alcalinWO3>880°
Vanadate alcalinWO3>880°
Iodure de cadmium ammoniacal(HgI3)2[Cd(NH3)4]<69°
Iodure de potassium + Sulfate de cuivre + Ethylène diamine[HgI4][Cu En2]à 20°
*Iodure de potassium + Sulfate de cuivre + Propylène diamine[HgI4][Cu Pn2]<157°
Acide oxaliqueC2O4Hg2<100°
Anthranilate de sodium(C6H6O2N)2Hg<113°
PyridineCl2Hg(C5H5N)<113°
DithianeCl2Hg.C4H8S2<97°
*Chlorure de cuivre-biguanide + iodure de potassium[HgI4][Cu(C2N5H7)2]60–175°
Cupferron[HgI4][Cu(C2N5H7)2]60–175°
*Thionalide(C12H10ONS)2Hg90–169°
Chloro-2 méthoxy-7 thiol-5 acridine(C12H10ONS)2Hg90–169°
  相似文献   

17.
Thermolysis curves have been recorded of precipitates containing iridium, obtained with formic acid, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole and sodium sulphide respectively.  相似文献   

18.
A number of 1,5-benzodiazepines derivatives 4 were obtained via the interaction of dehydroacetic acid hydrogenated at C5-C6, orthophenylenediamines and aromatic aldehydes. The interpretation of the results is enriched by a study of the electronic effects of the DHA hydrogenated at C5-C6. Accordingly, it leads us to obtain the original structure cynnamoyle 5.  相似文献   

19.
An anaemia and a decreased number of erythroid bone marrow cells were observed on the first weeks following the intravenous injection of 1 mg of BCG into normal mice. No such modification of erythropoiesis was detected in Nude mice.The graft of thymus from new born mice to Nude adults before BCG infection allowed to obtain a drop of packed-cell volume, In previously infected Nude mice, the injection of spleen cells providing from infected normal mice also modified the erythropoiesis. This effect was lost by pretreatment of injected spleen cells with anti-theta serum and complement. Thus, the conditions necessary to the development of the anaemia during BCG infection correlated with the conditions which allowed an immune response against infection.  相似文献   

20.
From catalytic hydrogenation to the chemical theory of the catalysis: Paul Sabatier, genius chemist, decentralization apostle. Paul Sabatier received the aggregation degree in the physical science in 1877 and received his doctorate in the physical science in 1880. In 1884, he was named to the chair of chemistry at Toulouse, when he was thirty, the minimum age for the position. Sabatier's initial researches were inorganic studies within the thermochemical tradition of Berthelot's laboratory. The Mond's preparation of nickel carbonyl instigated him to study gaseous molecules which might behave analogously to carbon monoxide: he succeeded in 1892 in fixing nitrogen peroxyde on copper, cobalt, nickel and iron. One year later he repeated the experience of Moissan and Moureu with unsaturated hydrocarbons and reduced nickel: he found that ethylene and acetylene were hydrogenated. With his student, J.-B. Senderens, he demonstrated the generality of his method to the hydrogenation of non-saturated and aromatic compounds, ketones, aldehydes, phenol, nitriles, nitrites, etc. In contrast of previous physical theories, Sabatier postulated that, in catalysis, a temporary, unstable intermediary between the catalyst and one of the reactants forms on the surface of the catalyst. He predicted the reversibility of the reaction: a catalyst of hydrogenation will be equally one of dehydrogenation. He was awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in the same time with Victor Grignard. Paul Sabatier was a very reserved man. Elected Professor of chemistry at Toulouse in 1884, he was ever faithful to this town and turned down many offers of attractive positions in Paris. In 1913, he became the first scientist elected to one of six chairs newly created by the Academy for provincial members.  相似文献   

Precipitating reagentForm in which weighedTemperature limits
Ammonium hydroxideUO3480–610°
Ammonium hydroxideU3O8745–946°
Ammoniac (gas)U3O8675–946°
PyridineU3O8745–946°
Ammonium benzoateU3O8691–946°
HexamethylenetetramineU3O8745–946°
TanninU3O8570–878°
Hydrogen peroxideU3O8811–946°
Hydrofluoric acidU3O8811–946°
Ammonium sulphateU3O8850–946°
Disodium phosphateU2P2O11673–946°
Oxalic acidU(C2O4)2100–180°
Oxalic acidU3O8700–946°
CupferronU3O8800–946°
β-IsatoximeU3O8408–946°
8-HydroxyquinolineHUO2(C9H6ON)3< I57°
8-HydroxyquinolineUO2(C9H6ON)2252–346°
Quinaldinic acidU3O8610–946°
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号