Outer-sphere coordination effects on the redox behaviour of the Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− couple in non-aqueous solvents

The polarographic behaviour of tetra-n-butylammonium hexacyanoferrate(II) has been studied in N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, dimethylsulphoxide, N,N-dimethylthioformamide, 1,2-dichloroethane, propanediolcarbonate, nitromethane, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid using tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte. A polarographically reversible electrode process was found in all solvents but acetic acid. The large shift in half-wave potentials (vs. bisbiphenylchromium(I) as a reference ion) is interpreted on the basis of donor-acceptor interactions between the hexacyanoferrate ions and solvent molecules and also between the hexacyanoferrate ions and cations of the supporting electrolyte. The considerable difference in half-wave potentials between tetraethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate is discussed within the framework of this concept.     

The influence of alkali metal cations on the rate of the Fe(CN)64−/Fe(CN)63− electrode process

The rate of the hexacyanoferrate redox system shows a first order dependence on the concentration of the cationic component of the supporting electrolyte. The catalytic influence of the alkali metal cations on the electrode process increases in the order Li⁺<Na⁺<K⁺～Cs⁺. The temperature dependence of the rate constant of the electrode process in KF and LiNO₃ has been measured and the results show that the activated complex is formed by the collision or association of a cation of the supporting electrolyte with the reactant anion, which may already be paired with one cation. It is suggested that this mechanism may be applicable to other electrode reactions involving highly charged species.     

Anion effect on the thermolysis of double complexes [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] and [Co(NH3)6]4[Fe(CN)6]3

The thermolysis of complexes [Co(NH₃)₆][Fe(CN)₆] and [Co(NH_{3 6}]₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ under an air or hydrogen atmosphere at 200, 350, and 500°C is studied. The composition and properties of thermolysis products are determined. The oxidative thermolysis yields mixtures of oxides of the central metals; the reductive thermolysis yields intermetallic compounds CoFe. The density of the complexes and the specific surface area of the intermetallic compounds are measured. Average particle sizes are calculated. The morphology and dispersion of the powders are dictated by the shape and density of the crystals of the precursor double salts and the thermolysis temperature. The thermolysis chemism in the oxidative and reductive atmospheres is discussed in the context of the nature of the complex anion. Original Russian Text ? S.I. Pechenyuk, D.P. Domonov, D.L. Rogachev, A.T. Belyavskii, 2007, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 1110–1115.     

Detection and colorimetric determination of the cr04-2 ion with o-dianisidine

A new method is described for the colonmetric determination of CrO₄^-2 ; the reagent used is an acetic solution of o-dianisidino, which gives a red coloration upon acidification. The procedure is described, the limit of perceptibility being of 06 γ/ml Down to this concentration, the coloration still obeys Beer's law and permits the determination with a 15% accuracy. Qualitative investigation of the chromate ion with the above mentioned reagent is also reported. Sensitivity is D = 10^-6.3.     

Spectra of K3Mn(CN)6

The polarised optical spectra of single crystal of K₃Mn(CN)₆ is reported at liquid nitrogen temperature. A new system of transition is located along with its hot components which is verified by temperature variation studies. The crystal field parameters to reproduce the bands are given.     

Surface blocking in the redox system Pt/[Fe(CN)6],[Fe(CN)6]: An ac impedance study

Electrochemical dc and ac measurements were made in the system Pt/x M [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻, [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ +0.5 M Na₂SO₄ in the range 2×10⁻⁶ x 2×10⁻² at T = 298 K and pH 6 using the rotating disk technique. Depending on the defined prepolarization conditions, a partial blocking of the electrode surface was observed indicated by distinct changes of the impedance spectra. Transfer function analysis based on a model of a transport controlled reaction on a partially blocked surface gave quantitative information on the degree of surface coverage. Systematic variation of the experimental conditions allowed conclusions to be drawn about the chemical nature of the blocking species.     

Ab initio calculation of the electronic structure of the [Co(CN)6]3− ion

Ab initio LCAO SCF MO calculations were carried out on the ion [Co(CN)₆]^3? with double-zeta type wavefunctions. The results showed differences with previous semi-empirical calculations in the relative energy level of the mainly metal-dπ molecular orbital and in other respects.     

Lumineszenz von [Co(CN)6]3-[Rh(CH)6]3-[Ir(CN)6]3-mit verschiedenen Gegenionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Free electron model in cluster structure theory. Electronic structures of [Mo6S8(CN)6]6?, [Mo6Se8(CN)6]6?, [Re6S8(CN)6]4?, and Rh6(CO)16 clusters

The results of quantum chemical calculations of the electronic structure and geometry of octahedral clusters [Mo₆S₈(CN)₆]⁶⁻, [Mo₆Se₈(CN)₆]⁶⁻, [Re₆S₈(CN)₆]⁴⁻, and Rh₆(CO)₁₆ by the ab initio SCF (RHF) and DFT (B3LYP) methods with various basis sets are presented. The electronic states of the clusters under study in ideal spherically symmetric potential were classified in the orbital quantum number l (1s, 1p, 1d, 1f, 1g, 1h, 1i), l = 0–6. In real crystal field with O_h symmetry these states are split. The calculated new electronic states were matched to the irreducible representations of the point symmetry group O_h. The polarizabilities of the compounds considered are 55–65 ų. A new model for the electronic structure of octahedral clusters containing M₆ groups was proposed. The model is based on the idea of free electrons moving in spherically symmetric potential field. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2617–2624, December, 2005.     

Structure and properties of double complex salts [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] and [Co(NH3)6]2[Cu(C2O4)2]3

Double complex salts (DCSs) [Co(NH₃)₆][Fe(CN)₆] (I) and [Co(NH₃)₆]₂[Cu(C₂O₄)₂]₃ (II) and complex [Co(NH₃)₆]₂(C₂O₄)₃·4H₂O (III) are synthesized and investigated by single crystal XRD, crystal optics, and elemental analysis. The crystalline phases of I, II, and III (R-3, P2₁/c, and Pnnm space groups respectively) have the following crystallographic characteristics: a = 10.9804(2) ?, b = 10.9804(2) ?, c = 10.8224(3) ?, V = 1130.03(4) ?³, Z = 3, d _x = 1.65 g/cm³ (I); a = 9.6370(2) ?, b = 10.2452(2) ?, c = 13.2108(3) ?, V = 1932.90(9) ?³, Z = 2, d _x= 1.97 g/cm³ (II), and a = 11.7658(3) ?, b = 11.7254(3) ?, c = 14.1913(4) ?, V = 1304.34(5) ?³, Z = 2, d _x = 1.68 g/cm³ (III). This paper investigates the products of DCS thermolysis in a hydrogen atmosphere: the intermetallic compound CoFe with the bcc parameter a = 2.852 ? for I and a heterogeneous mixture of Co and Cu in the decomposition of II. The coordinated CN⁻ and C₂O₄²⁻ groups then turn into NH₃, hydrocarbons, and CO₂. The dominant hydrocarbon is methane.     

Thermally induced linkage isomerization in KCd[Fe(CN)6]

Heating KCd[Fe(CN)₆]-5H₂O, either isothermally or in a differential scanning calorimeter, results in dehydration and linkage isomerization of the cyanides. In accord with hard—soft acid—base predictions, the product contains cyanide C-bonded to Cd₂₊. The integrated intensity of the peaks corresponding to the CN stretching vibrations indicates that two of the cyanides change bonding mode more readily than the others. Cyanide isomerization does not occur when KCd[Fe(CN)₆]-5H₂O is dehydrated at room temperature under vacuum conditions.     

Theoretical study of the hexacyanonitrosylvanadate (HCNV), [V(CN)6NO]4- and pentacyanonitrosylvanadate (PCNV), [V(CN)5NO]3- ions

Preliminary structural results from a comparative theoretical study of two complex ions, [V(CN)₅NO]^3- and [V(CN)₆NO]^4-, are presented. The results obtained are compared with experimental structure determinations.     

Pd-catalyzed cyanation of benzyl chlorides with nontoxic K4[Fe(CN)6]

Non-toxic K₄[Fe(CN)₆] was demonstrated to be effective as a green cyanating agent for the cyanation of alkyl halides using PPh₃/Pd(OAc)₂ as a catalyst system. The presented method allowed a series of benzyl chlorides to be smoothly cyanated in up to 88% yield. In order to avoid or suppress the deactivation of the catalyst, the reaction was required to be performed in a stringent inert ambiance.     

掠射椭偏术对K_4〔Fe(CN)_6〕/K_3〔Fe(CN)_6〕电极反应的研究

提出掠射椭圆偏振测试技术的实验方案,应用该掠射式技术结合循环伏安法研究了在镀有Ｉｎ２Ｏ３玻璃片上进行的Ｋ４〔Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６〕／Ｋ３〔Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６〕电极反应．结果证明：掠射椭圆偏振术可在电化学反应过程中现场测定椭圆偏振参数及其变化规律,这些规律与所发生的表面电化学反应规律相对应,由此可以对电极体系进行研究;现场掠射椭圆偏振术还能用于分析表面扩散层的性质,弥补其它界面研究方法的缺陷．     

Pd(PBu 3 t ) Adducts of Os3(CO)12. Synthesis and Structures of Pd2Os3(CO)12(PBu 3 t )2 and Pd3Os3(CO)12 (PBu 3 t )3

Two new compounds Pd₂Os₃(CO)₁₂ , 13 and Pd₃Os₃(CO)₁₂ , 14 have been obtained from the reaction of with Os₃(CO)₁₂ at room temperature. The products were formed by the addition of two and three groups to the Os–Os bonds of Os₃(CO)₁₂. Compounds 13 and 14 interconvert between themselves by intermolecular exchange of the groups in solution. Compounds 13 and 14 have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Dedicated to Professor Brian F. G. Johnson on the occasion of his retirement – 2005.     

New interpretation of spectral and photochemical properties of [Fe(CN)5NO]2−

All known assignments of electronic transitions in the [Fe(CN)₅NO]^2? ion are inconsistent with the observed characteristics of absorption bands and with the most recent data on photoactivity. Results of more advanced calculations are presented, with Scaled INDO SCF calculations repeated for all excited states separately. In contrast to the older treatments it proves possible to explain why band I is inactive, why irradiation within the band II results in a pure exchange of NO⁺ and H₂O and why irradiation within the frequency range of band IV results in a redox reaction, followed by exchange of NO and H₂O.     

K4[Fe(CN)6]-K3[Fe(CN)6]体系催化分光光度法测定痕量汞

建立了一种测定痕量汞的催化分光光度新方法,它是基于汞能催化亚铁氰化钾分解生成Fe2 ,生成的Fe2 又与铁氰化钾反应生成兰色胶体溶液.方法的相对标准偏差≤5.3%,回收率为98.8%～104.8%之间,检出限为9.8×10-7 g/L;线性范围为0～0.050 μg/mL.     

Reactions of Ru(Cp) complexes with P(o-tolyl)3

Reaction of [Ru(Cp^∗)(CH₃CN)₃](PF₆) with P(o-tolyl)₃ affords [Ru(Cp^∗){(η⁶-o-tolyl)P(o-tolyl)₂}](PF₆) (4) in which the P-atom is not coordinated to the metal. The solid-state structure of 4 has been determined. A related reaction with P(p-tolyl)₃ reveals a small quantity [Ru(Cp^∗){(η⁶-p-tolyl)P(o-tolyl)₂}](PF₆), in solution, but mostly the expected bis-phosphine complex. Reaction of the Ru(IV) dication, [Ru(Cp^∗)(η³-PhCHCHCH₂)(DMF)₂](PF₆)₂, with P(o-tolyl)₃ gives a mixture of the phosphonium salt, C₆H₅CHCHCH₂P(o-tolyl)₃ (9) and the dication [Ru(Cp^∗) (η⁶-C₆H₅CHCHCH₂P(o-tolyl)₃)](PF₆)₂ (10). Salt 9 forms via attack of the P-atom on the allyl ligand. The latter product results from complexation of 9 via the phenyl group of the former allyl ligand. It would seem that the sterically demanding P(o-tolyl)₃ ligand is not readily compatible with the Ru(Cp^∗) fragment, in either the +2 or +4 oxidation state. Detailed NMR studies are reported.