Paper chromatography in the separation of ions : Separation of precious metals

A study of the separation of the precious metals. Pd⁺², Pt⁺⁴, Ir⁺⁴, Rh⁺³, Ru⁺³, Os⁺⁴ and Au⁺³, by ascending paper chromatography, using different solvents and a number of complexing agents, clearly shows that microgram amounts of the elements, when present in a mixture of five, are best separated from each other in the presence of thiourea. The Rl, Rrt values and the sequences of separation are recorded in tables to show whether a good separation of a particular mixture of ions is possible.     

Electro-chromatography in the separation of ions : Part II. Separation of precious metals

An electrochromatographic study of the migration rates and sequences of the precious metals, as Pt⁺⁴, Os⁺⁴, Ir⁺⁴, Ru⁺³, Rh⁺³, Au⁺³ and Pd⁺², on paper strips, reveals that quite a large number of electrolytes effectively separate in distinct zones at least four ions present in microgram amounts in a mixture, when the voltage is maintained at 150 V for 5 hours.     

Electro-chromatography in the separation of ions : Separation of third group metals

The ionic migration and migration sequences of the ions of group III, Fe⁺³, Cr⁺³, A1⁺³, Be⁺², Ti⁺⁴, Zr⁺⁴, Th⁺⁴, UO₂⁺²havce been determined in a number of common electrolytes. Owing to their similar behaviour towards ionic migration, besides separations from their binary and ternary mixtures, only a few separations from quaternary mixtures as Zr-Th-U-Be, Zr-Th-U-Al, Zr-Th-Al-Be, Zr-U-Al-Be, Ti-Th-U-Bc, Ti-Th-U-Al, U-Zr-Al-Fe and U-Th-Al-Fe are possible.     

Electrochromatography in the separation of ions: Separation of alkaline earth metals

Complete Separation of ternary mixtures of Ca, Mg and Sr or Ba ions with ammonium chloride and less complete but detectable separation of the same mixtures with ammonium nitrate have been achieved, as well as a few binary separations of the type Ca-Ba, Ca-Sr, Ca-Mg, Mg-Sr and Mg-Ba.     

Electro-chromatography in the separation of ions : Separation of copper and tin group metals

The ionic migration and hence the migration sequences of the ions of the copper and the tin groups have been determined in a number of common electrolytes which act as complexing agents. Separation of several three,- four- and five-coniponent mixtures of copper group elements has been effected. Of the electrolytes, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, the last gives the best and most complete separation of all the copper group ions from a mixture, a potential of 150 V being maintained for 5 h. The metals of the tin group cannot be separated completely from each other under the experimental conditions, only separation from binary mixtures is possbble.     

Electro-chromatography in the separation of ions : Part III. Separation of silver group metals

The migration sequences of silver group ions Ag⁺, Hg₂⁺², Pb⁺²and Ti⁺ have been studied in a number of complex-forming electrolytes. Based on the migration sequences, the ions in a mixture can be separated into distinct zones using a decinormal solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride or potassium cyanide as the electrolyte. The sequence is Hg — Ag— Pb—Ti, while in KCN at pH 7.0 the sequence becomes Ag—Hg—Pb—Ti.     

Paper chromatography in the separation of ions

With a solvent mixture of acetone, hydrochloric acid and water, it is possible to have a thorough separation of ions from each other, in distinct bands, from mixtures containing to a maximum of seven ions The R_F values of the ions and the effect of temperature and concentration on the R_T and R_L values have been recorded.     

Paper chromatography in the separation of ions

A study has been made of the separation of ions of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, elements of groups IIIA and B and of anions, such as arscnate, phosphate, vanadate, molybdate, tungstate and chromate, with solvent mixtures of tert.-butyl alcohol, water and hydrochloric or acetic acid in the ratio of 7:2 1, and with 01 without tartaric, citric or malonic acid. The solvent mixture with hydrochloric acid as one of the components was found to be most effective for the separation of six cations or three anions from their mixtures. The rl and R1 values and the sequences of separations have been recorded     

Paper chromatography in the separation of ions

Summary A study has been made of the separation of alkali and alkaline earth metals. With mixtures of solvents, such as ethyl cellosolve, water and hydrochloric acid and acetone, water and hydrochloric acid in the ratio of 702010 and at different temperatures, a complete separation of alkaline earth metals was effected. Of the alkali metals only lithium, sodium and potassium could be separated from each other but rubidium and caesium always accompanied potassium.     

Paper chromatography in the separation of ions : Separation of silver,copper and arsenic group elements

A paper Chromatographic study ot the separability of ions of elements of the silver, copper and arsenic groups, using different solvents and a number of complexing agents, reveals that the solvents consisting of (1) acetone, hydrochloric or acetic acid (with or without ammonium iodide) and (2) tert. -butyl alcohol, hydrochloric or acetic acid, promote the complete separation of at ; least five elements present in microgram amounts in a mixture. Other complexing agents, such as thiourea, bismuthiol I, bismuthiol II and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole are not very useful in the separation of the ions. The R_I., R_T values and the sequences of separation are tabulated to show their behaviour.     

表面活性剂体系萃取分离贵金属离子的研究

研究了在TritonX 100 (NH4)2SO4 络合剂体系中,贵金属离子的萃取分离行为。考察了金属络合物的液 液两相间的分配行为及影响络合物萃取行为的各种因素,优化了萃取分离条件。实验结果表明,在pH7.0～7.5的溶液中,络合剂PAR能与Pd(Ⅱ)形成稳定的络合物,可被定量萃取,实现了Pd(Ⅱ)与Pt(Ⅵ)、Ir(Ⅵ)、Mo(Ⅵ)等混合离子间的定量分离。混合离子分离中,Pd(Ⅱ)的回收率为97.5%～100.8%。     

Separation of noble metals by circular thin-layer chromatography

Summary A method has been described for the separation and identification of noble metals by circular thin-layer chromatography. The method is simple and convenient and separation is complete within 2 min. Best results have been obtained on alumina layers with acetone/aoetylacetone/2 M hydrochloric acid (100103) as solvent mixture. Reagents used for detection were rubeanic acid, thiourea, and stannous chloride. The following elements could be detected with sensitivities ranging from 0.1 g to 3.0 g: Rh, Ru, Pt, Au, Os, Pd, Ir, and Cu. Interferences are caused by Ni, Go, Mn, and Fe, yet it is possible to distinguish these from the noble metals on separate chromatograms.

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Zusammenfassung Zur Trennung und Identifizierung von Edelmetallen wird das Verfahren der Zirktdar-Dünnschichtchromatographie empfohlen. Die Methode ist einfach durchzuführen und erfordert nur 2 min für eine vollständige Trennung. Am besten hat sich ein Lösungsmittel aus Aceton, Acetylaceton und 2 m Salzsäure (100103) und Aluminiumoxid als Dünnschichtmaterial bewährt. Als Nachweisreagentien werden Rubeanwasserstoff, Thioharnstoff und Zinn(II)-chlorid verwendet. Folgende Elemente wurden mit Empfindlichkeiten zwischen 0,1 und 3,0 g erfaßt: Rh, Ru, Pt, Au, Os, Pd, Ir und Cu. Störungen wurden durch Ni, Co, Mn und Fe verursacht, jedoch können diese von den Edelmetallen auf getrennten Chromatogrammen unterschieden werden.

     

Ion chromatography on chelating stationary phases: separation of alkali metals

Analytical 250x4.6 mm I.D. columns packed with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) derivatised silica were used to separate alkali metal ions and the ammonium ion in combination with non-suppressed conductivity detection. The addition of 2.5-10 mmol/l of the macrocyclic crown ether 18-crown-6 to the nitric acid eluent resulted in a change in the elution order and a significant improvement in the resolution between potassium and ammonium because of selective complexation of potassium. However, the admixture of 15-crown-5 did not improve the resolution of lithium and sodium, although 15-crown-5 is a selective complexing agent for sodium. Retention and resolution of lithium, sodium, ammonium, cesium, rubidium and potassium ions increased at lower temperatures down to 1 degree C. The simultaneous separation of alkali and transition metals under isocratic conditions was achieved with an eluent comprising 10 mmol/l 18-crown-6, 1.5 mmol/l dipicolinic acid, and 1.9 mmol/l nitric acid. The chromatographic system enabled the quantitation of alkali metal ions with detection limits in the low ppb range and excellent linearity. Finally, the applicability of the method was approved by quantitation of sodium, ammonium and potassium in different water samples.     

Separation of uranium from other metals by partition chromatography

Uranium(VI) can be separated quantitatively from most other metal ions by partition chromatography on a silica-gel column. The column is treated with aqueous 6M nitric acid; after sorption of the sample, uranium(VI) is selectively and rapidly eluted by methyl isobutyl ketone. In addition to the separation of macro quantities of metal ions, the method has been used successfully for the isolation of trace amounts of metal ions from uranium(VI).     

Separation of tin from some metals by extraction chromatography

Much attention has been devoted to Sn (IV) strongly retained on the TBP-Daiflon column from 2M HCl in extraction chromatography. The separations of Sn?Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Pb,¹¹³Sn-¹²⁵Sb,¹¹³Sn-^113mIn (^113mIn milking) and Sn?Hg?Fe were successfully achieved without any contamination. In the separations, except for the last, only tin was retained separately on the column upon passing the mixed solution. The daughter indium was eluted with 0.5M HCl. In the last separation, iron was eluted with 0.5 M HCl, tin with 0.1M HCl and mercury with 2M HNO₃, for these metals retained on the column. Radioactive tracers for tin, iron, mercury and antimony were used.