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1.
Rate coefficients for reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with three hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) CF3CH2CH3, HFC-263fb, (k1); CF3CHFCH2F, HFC-245eb, (k2); and CHF2CHFCHF2, HFC-245ea, (k3); which are suggested as potential substitutes to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were measured using pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) between 235 and 375 K. The Arrhenius expressions obtained are k1(T) = (4.36 +/- 0.72) x 10(-12) exp[-(1290 +/- 40)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1); k2(T) = (1.23 +/- 0.18) x 10(-12) exp[-(1250 +/- 40)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1); k3(T) = (1.91 +/- 0.42) x 10(-12) exp[-(1375 +/- 100)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are 95% confidence limits and include estimated systematic errors. The present results are discussed and compared with rate coefficients available in the literature. Our results are also compared with those calculated using structure activity relationships (SAR) for fluorinated compounds. The IR absorption cross-sections at room temperature for these compounds were measured over the range of 500 to 4000 cm-1. The global warming potentials (GWPs) of CF3CH2CH3(HFC-263fb), CF3CHFCH2F(HFC-245eb), and CHF2CHFCHF2(HFC-245ea) were calculated to be 234, 962, and 723 for a 20-year horizon; 70, 286, and 215 for a 100-year horizon; and 22, 89, and 68 for a 500-year horizon; and the atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds are 0.8, 2.5, and 2.6 years, respectively. It is concluded that these compounds are acceptable substitutes for CFCs in terms of their impact on Earth's climate.  相似文献   

2.
3.
The rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with molecular hydrogen was measured using the flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range of 200-479 K. The Arrhenius plot was found to exhibit a noticeable curvature. Careful examination of all possible systematic uncertainties indicates that this curvature is not due to experimental artifacts. The rate constant can be represented by the following expressions over the indicated temperature intervals: k(H2)(250-479 K) = 4.27 x 10(-13) x (T/298)2.406 x exp[-1240/T] cm3 molecule(-1) (s-1) above T = 250 K and k(H2)(200-250 K) = 9.01 x 10(-13) x exp[-(1526 +/- 70)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) below T = 250 K. No single Arrhenius expression can adequately represent the rate constant over the entire temperature range within the experimental uncertainties of the measurements. The overall uncertainty factor was estimated to be f(H2)(T) = 1.04 x exp[50 x /(1/T) - (1/298)/]. These measurements indicate an underestimation of the rate constant at lower atmospheric temperatures by the present recommendations. The global atmospheric lifetime of H2 due to its reaction with OH was estimated to be 10 years.  相似文献   

4.
张婷  王丽 《化学研究》2014,(4):405-409,422
采用从头算和密度泛函方法研究了多通道反应CHF2CF2CH2OCHF2+OH→产物的反应机理.首先在BMK/6-311+G(d,p)水平下优化了稳定点的几何构型并计算了振动频率;然后在BMC-CCSD水平下,对势能面进行高水平能量校正.结果表明,此反应存在提氢和取代两类反应通道,但是无论从动力学还是从热力学分析,提氢反应通道才是主要的反应通道,且从-CH2-基团上提取氢原子的提氢通道是主要的反应通道.  相似文献   

5.
A direct ab initio dynamics method is used to investigate the hydrogen‐abstraction reaction CH3CHF2+Cl. One transition state is located for α‐H abstraction, and two are identified for β‐H abstraction. The potential‐energy surface (PES) is obtained at the G3(MP2)//MP2/6‐311G(d, p) level. Furthermore, the rate constants of the three channels are evaluated by using canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) with small‐curvature tunneling (SCT) contributions over a wide temperature range of 200–2500 K. The dynamic calculations show that the reaction proceeds mainly by α‐H abstraction over the whole temperature range. The calculated rate constants and branching ratios are both in good agreement with the available experimental values.  相似文献   

6.
Previous ab initio studies on reactions involving radical addition to alkenes showed that such reactions are very sensitive to theoretical levels, and thus are difficult to deal with. This motivates us to theoretically reexamine the title reaction thoroughly, which has been studied only at several low levels of theory. In the present work, the geometry optimizations and energy calculations for all species involved in the title reaction were performed at several high levels of theory. The reaction mechanism of the title reaction is discussed at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ//CCSD/6-31G(d,p) theoretical level. According to our study, the fluorine addition to ethylene occurs via the formation of a prereaction complex with C2v symmetry, which is pointed out for the first time. The prereaction complex evolves into a fluoroethyl radical almost without a barrier, with an exothermicity of 41.49 kcal/mol. The fluoroethyl radical can further decompose into a hydrogen atom and fluoroethylene, with an energy release of 10.33 kcal/mol. Besides the direct departure of the hydrogen atom from the fluoroethyl radical, an indirect decomposition pathway may also be open, which has not been reported before. In addition, the formation of a fluoroethyl radical from a separate fluorine atom and ethylene is described pictorially via the molecular intrinsic characteristic contour (MICC) and the electron density mapped on it. Thereby, strong interpolarization and evident electron transfer between the fluorine atom and ethylene are observed as they approach each other. The transition structure for the fluorine addition to ethylene is clearly shown to be reactant-like. This provides new and intuitional insight into the title reaction.  相似文献   

7.
Rate coefficients, k(T), for the OH + CHF=CF2 (trifluoroethylene, HFO‐1123) gas‐phase reaction were measured under pseudo–first‐order conditions using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and pulsed laser induced fluorescence to measure the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 212–375 K at total pressures between 20 and 500 Torr (He, N2 bath gas). The rate coefficient was found to be independent of pressure over this range of pressure with a temperature dependence that is described by the Arrhenius expression (3.04 ± 0.30) × 10–12 exp[(312 ± 25)/T] cm3 molecule–1 s1 with k(296 K) measured to be (8.77 ± 0.80) × 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s1 (quoted uncertainties are 2σ and include estimated systematic errors). Rate coefficients for the reaction of CHF=CF2 with 18OH and OD were also measured as part of this study at 296 and 373 K and a total pressure of ~25 Torr (He). The isotope measurements were used to evaluate the observed OH radical regeneration. CHF=CF2 is a very short‐lived substance with an atmospheric lifetime of ~1 day with respect to OH reactive loss, whereas the actual lifetime of CHF=CF2 will depend on the time and location of its emission. The global warming potential for CHF=CF2 on the 100‐year time horizon (GWP100) was estimated using the present results and a lifetime correction factor to be 3.9 × 10?3.  相似文献   

8.
The mechanisms for the reaction of CH3SSCH3 with OH radical are investigated at the QCISD(T)/6‐311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Five channels have been obtained and six transition state structures have been located for the title reaction. The initial association between CH3SSCH3 and OH, which forms two low‐energy adducts named as CH3S(OH)SCH3 (IM1 and IM2), is confirmed to be a barrierless process, The S? S bond rupture and H? S bond formation of IM1 lead to the products P1(CH3SH + CH3SO) with a barrier height of 40.00 kJ mol?1. The reaction energy of Path 1 is ?74.04 kJ mol?1. P1 is the most abundant in view of both thermodynamics and dynamics. In addition, IMs can lead to the products P2 (CH3S + CH3SOH), P3 (H2O + CH2S + CH3S), P4 (CH3 + CH3SSOH), and P5 (CH4 + CH3SSO) by addition‐elimination or hydrogen abstraction mechanism. All products are thermodynamically favorable except for P4 (CH3 + CH3SSOH). The reaction energies of Path 2, Path 3, Path 4, and Path 5 are ?28.42, ?46.90, 28.03, and ?89.47 kJ mol?1, respectively. Path 5 is the least favorable channel despite its largest exothermicity (?89.47 kJ mol?1) because this process must undergo two barriers of TS5 (109.0 kJ mol?1) and TS6 (25.49 kJ mol?1). Hopefully, the results presented in this study may provide helpful information on deep insight into the reaction mechanism. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011  相似文献   

9.
Sabinaketone is one major photooxidation product of sabinene, an important biogenic volatile organic compound. This article provides the first product study and the second rate constant determination of its reaction with OH radicals. Experiments were investigated under controlled conditions for pressure and temperature in the LISA indoor simulation chamber using FTIR spectrometry. Kinetic study was carried out at 295 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure using the relative rate technique with isoprene as the reference compound. The rate constant was found to be ksabinaketone + OH = (7.1 ± 1.0) × 10?12 molecule?1 cm3 s?1. Acetone and formaldehyde were detected as products of the reaction with the respective yields of Racetone = 0.9 ± 0.2 and RHCHO = 1.2 ± 0.3. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 415–421, 2007  相似文献   

10.
The reaction of triplet methylene with methanol is a key process in alcohol combustion but surprisingly this reaction has never been studied. The reaction mechanism is investigated by using various high-level ab initio methods, including the complete basis set extrapolation (CBS-QB3 and CBS-APNO), the latest Gaussian-n composite method (G4), and the Weizmann-1 method (W1U). A total of five product channels and six transition states are found. The dominant mechanism is direct hydrogen abstraction, and the major product channel is CH(3) + CH(3)O, involving a weak prereactive complex and a 7.4 kcal/mol barrier. The other hydrogen abstraction channel, CH(3) + CH(2)OH, is less important even though it is more exothermic and involves a similar barrier height. The rate coefficients are predicted in the temperature range 200-3000 K. The tunneling effect and the hindered internal rotational freedoms play a key role in the reaction. Moreover, the reaction shows significant kinetic isotope effect.  相似文献   

11.
The dual-level direct dynamics method has been employed to investigate the H-abstraction reaction of CF(3)CF(2)CH(2)OH with OH radical, which is predicted to have two classes of possible reaction channels caused by different positions of hydrogen atom attack. The minimum-energy path is calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level, and the energetic information is further refined by the MC-QCISD method. To compare the structures, the other method MPW1K/6-311G(d,p) is also applied to this system. Hydrogen-bonded complexes are presented in the reactant and product sides of the three channels, indicating that each reaction may proceed via an indirect mechanism. The rate constants for each reaction channel are evaluated by canonical variational transition-state theory (CVT) with the small-curvature tunneling correction (SCT) over a wide range of temperatures from 200 to 2000 K. The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental values. The result shows that the variational effect is small, and in the lower-temperature range, the SCT effect is important for each reaction. It is shown that hydrogen abstracted from the -CH(2)- position is the major channel, while H-abstraction from the -OH position may be neglected with the temperature increasing.  相似文献   

12.
The blue copper complex [Cu2(H2O)2(phen)2(OH)2][Cu2(phen)2(OH)2(CO3)2] · 10 H2O, which was prepared by reaction of 1,10‐phenanthroline monohydrate, CuCl2 · 2 H2O and Na2CO3 in the presence of succinic acid in CH3OH/H2O at pH = 13.0, crystallized in the triclinic space group P1 (no. 2) with cell dimensions: a = 9.515(1) Å, b = 12.039(1) Å, c = 12.412(2) Å, α = 70.16(1)°, β = 85.45(1)°, γ = 81.85(1)°, V = 1323.2(2) Å3, Z = 1. The crystal structure consists of dinuclear [Cu2(H2O)2(phen)2(OH)2]2+ complex cations, dinuclear [Cu2(phen)2(OH)2(CO3)2]2– complex anions and hydrogen bonded H2O molecules. In both the centrosymmetric dinuclear cation and anion, the Cu atoms are coordinated by two N atoms of one phen ligand, three O atoms of two μ‐OH groups and respectively one H2O molecule or one CO32– anion to complete distorted [CuN2O3] square‐pyramids with the H2O molecule or the CO32– anion at the apical position (equatorial d(Cu–O) = 1.939–1.961 Å, d(Cu–N) = 2.026–2.051 Å and axial d(Cu–O) = 2.194, 2.252 Å). Two adjacent [CuN2O3] square pyramids are condensed via two μ‐OH groups. Through the interionic hydrogen bonds, the dinuclear cations and anions are linked into 1D chains with parallel phen ligands on both sides. Interdigitation of phen ligands of neighboring 1D chains generated 2D layers, between which the hydrogen bonded water molecules are sandwiched.  相似文献   

13.
Rate coefficients for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with CH3OCH2F (HFE‐161) were computed using transition state theory coupled with ab initio methods, viz., MP2, G3MP2, and G3B3 theories in the temperature range of 200–400 K. Structures of the reactants and transition states (TSs) were optimized at MP2(FULL) and B3LYP level of theories with 6‐31G* and 6‐311++G** basis sets. The potential energy surface was scanned at both the level of theories. Five different TSs were identified for each rotamer. Calculations of Intrinsic reaction coordinates were performed to confirm the existence of all the TSs. The kinetic parameters due to all different TSs are reported in this article. The rate coefficients for the title reaction were computed to be k = (9 ± 1.08) × 10?13 exp [?(1,713 ± 33)/T] cm3 molecule?1 s?1 at MP2, k = (7.36 ± 0.42) × 10?13 exp [?(198 ± 16)/T] cm3 molecule?1 s?1 at G3MP2 and k = (5.36 ± 1.57) × 10?13 exp [?(412 ± 81)/T] cm3 molecule?1 s?1 at G3B3 theories. The atmospheric lifetimes of CH3OCH2F at MP2, G3MP2, and G3B3 level of theories were estimated to be 20, 0.1, and 0.3 years, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012  相似文献   

14.
Experimental and theoretical rate coefficients are determined for the first time for the reaction of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐hexanone (CH3CH2C(O)CH(OH)CH2CH3) with OH radicals as a function of temperature. Experimental studies were carried out using two techniques. Absolute rate coefficients were measured using a cryogenically cooled cell coupled to the pulsed laser photolysis‐laser‐induced fluorescence technique with temperature and pressure ranges of 280‐365 K and 5‐80 Torr, respectively. Relative values of the studied reaction were measured under atmospheric pressure in the range of 298‐354 K by using a simulation chamber coupled to a FT‐IR spectrometer. In addition, the reaction of 4H3H with OH radicals was studied theoretically by using the density functional theory method over the range of 278‐350 K. Results show that H‐atom abstraction occurs more favorably from the C–H bound adjacent to the hydroxyl group with small barrier height. Theoretical rate coefficients are in good agreement with the experimental data. A slight negative temperature dependence was observed in both theoretical and experimental works. Overall, the results are deliberated in terms of structure–reactivity relationship and atmospheric implications.  相似文献   

15.
The rate constants k1 for the reaction of CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2CHF2 with OH radicals were determined by using both absolute and relative rate methods. The absolute rate constants were measured at 250–430 K using the flash photolysis–laser‐induced fluorescence (FP‐LIF) technique and the laser photolysis–laser‐induced fluorescence (LP‐LIF) technique to monitor the OH radical concentration. The relative rate constants were measured at 253–328 K in an 11.5‐dm3 reaction chamber with either CHF2Cl or CH2FCF3 as a reference compound. OH radicals were produced by UV photolysis of an O3–H2O–He mixture at an initial pressure of 200 Torr. Ozone was continuously introduced into the reaction chamber during the UV irradiation. The k1 (298 K) values determined by the absolute method were (1.69 ± 0.07) × 10?15 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 (FP‐LIF method) and (1.72 ± 0.07) × 10?15 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 (LP‐LIF method), whereas the K1 (298 K) values determined by the relative method were (1.87 ± 0.11) × 10?15 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 (CHF2Cl reference) and (2.12 ± 0.11) × 10?15 cm3 molecule?1 s?1 (CH2FCF3 reference). These data are in agreement with each other within the estimated experimental uncertainties. The Arrhenius rate constant determined from the kinetic data was K1 = (4.71 ± 0.94) × 10?13 exp[?(1630 ± 80)/T] cm3 molecule?1 s?1. Using kinetic data for the reaction of tropospheric CH3CCl3 with OH radicals [k1 (272 K) = 6.0 × 10?15 cm3 molecule?1 s?1, tropospheric lifetime of CH3CCl3 = 6.0 years], we estimated the tropospheric lifetime of CF3CF2CF2CF2CF2CHF2 through reaction with OH radicals to be 31 years. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 26–33, 2004  相似文献   

16.
The barium perfluoroalkanedisulfonates Ba(O3S)2(CF2)n (n = 1, 3–5) and the new potassium fluoroalkanedisulfonates K2(O3S)2CHF, K2(O3S)2CF2, and K2(O3S)2(CF2)5 have been prepared by reaction of (CF2)n(SO2F)2 (n = 1, 3–5) or CHF(SO2F)2 with CaO (or Ca(OH)2) and M(OH)x (M = Ba, x = 2; M = K, x = 1) or with Ba(OH)2 alone (n = 1) in water. In each of the crystal structures of K2(O3S)2CHF and K2(O3S)2CF2, there is an eight‐coordinate and a six‐coordinate potassium ion, whilst in K2(O3S)2(CF2)3H2O, two different eight‐coordinate potassium ions are linked by a bridging water molecule. One potassium has additionally six sulfonate oxygen and one fluorine donor atoms, and the other, five sulfonate oxygens and two fluorine donor atoms. The preparation of highly crystalline [Nien3][(O3S)(CF2)n] (en = ethane‐1,2‐diamine; n = 1, 3–5) and the X‐ray crystal structures for n = 1 or 3 provide evidence for the value of perfluoroalkanedisulfonate ions as counter ions for the crystallization of cationic complexes.  相似文献   

17.
The reaction mechanism of CF(3)CH(2)OH with OH is investigated theoretically and the rate constants are calculated by direct dynamics method. The potential energy surface (PES) information, which is necessary for dynamics calculation, is obtained at the B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) level. The single-point energy calculations are performed at the MC-QCISD level using the B3LYP geometries. Complexes, with the energies being less than corresponding reactants and products, are found at the entrance and exit channels for methylene-H-abstraction channel, while for the hydroxyl-H-abstraction channel only entrance complex is located. By means of isodesmic reactions, the enthalpies of the formation for the species CF(3)CH(2)OH, CF(3)CHOH, and CF(3)CH(2)O are estimated at the MC-QCISD//B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) level of theory. The rate constants for two kinds of H-abstraction channels are evaluated by canonical variational transition state theory with the small-curvature tunneling correction (CVT/SCT) over a wide range of temperature 200-2000 K. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values in the temperature region 250-430 K. The present results indicate that the two channels are competitive. Below 289 K, hydroxyl-H-abstraction channel has more contribution to the total rate constants than methylene-H-abstraction channel, while above 289 K, methylene-H-abstraction channel becomes more important and then becomes the major reaction channel.  相似文献   

18.
F与自由基CH~2OH反应理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用量子化学从头计算法对氟原子与羟亚甲基CH~2OH在势能面上的反应进行了研究。采用G2(MP2,SVP)理论计算出了热能面上各驻点物种的构型参数、振动频率和能量。结果表明:F与CH~2OH反应首先通过H转移形成甲基,然后甲基旋转,再通过甲基中一个H与F结合,最后产生HF和CH~2O。计算出反应热为455.9kJ.mol^-^1,与实验值439kJ.mol^-^1符合较好。另外对前人红外吸收光谱研究中没有观测到CHOH提出了可能解释。  相似文献   

19.
The kinetics of reactions of the tertiary β‐brominated peroxy radical BrC(CH3)2C(CH3)2O2 (2‐bromo‐1,1,2‐trimethylpropylperoxy) have been studied using the laser flash photolysis technique, photolysing HBr at 248 nm in the presence of O2 and 2,3‐dimethylbut‐2‐ene. At room temperature, a rate constant of (2.0 ± 0.8) × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 was determined for the BrC(CH3)2C(CH3)2O2 self‐reaction. The reaction of BrC(CH3)2C(CH3)2O2 with HO2 was investigated in the temperature range 306–393 K, yielding the following Arrhenius expression: k(BrC(CH3)2C(CH3)2O2 + HO2) = (2.04 ± 0.25) × 10−12 exp[(501 ± 36)K/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, giving by extrapolation (1.10 ± 0.13) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K. These results confirm the enhancement of the peroxy radical self‐reaction reactivity upon β‐substitution, which is similar for Br and OH substituents. In contrast, no significant effect of substituent has been observed on the rate constant for the reactions of peroxy radicals with HO2. The global uncertainty factors on rate constants are equal to nearly 2 for the self‐reaction and to 1.35 for the reaction with HO2. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 41–48, 2001  相似文献   

20.
Eight exothermic product channels of the reaction of chlorinated vinyl radical (C2Cl3) with molecular oxygen (O2) have been investigated using ab initio quantum chemistry methods. The energetics of the reaction pathways were calculated at the second-order Moller-Plesset Gaussian-3 level of theory (G3MP2) using the B3LYP/6-311G(d) optimized geometries. It has been shown that the C2Cl3 + O2 reaction takes place via a barrierless addition to form the chlorinated vinylperoxy radical complex, which can decompose or isomerize to various products via the complicated mechanisms. Two major reaction routes were revealed, i.e., the three-member-ring reaction mechanism leading to ClCO + CCl2O, CO + CCl3O, CO2 + CCl3, Cl + (ClCO)2, etc., and the OO bond cleavage mechanism leading to O(3P) + C2Cl3O. The other mechanisms are shown to be unimportant. The results are validated by the calculations using the restricted coupled cluster theory [RCCSD(T)] with the complete basis set extrapolation. Variational transition state theory was employed to calculate the individual and total rate coefficients as a function of temperature and pressure (helium). The theoretical rate coefficients are in good agreement with the available experimental data. It was found that the total rate coefficients show strong negative temperature dependence in the range 200-2000 K. At room temperature (297 K), the total rate coefficients are shown to be nearly pressure independent over a wide range of helium pressures (1-10(9) Torr). The deactivation of the initial adduct, C2Cl3O2, is only significant at pressures higher than 1000 Torr. The three-member-ring reaction mechanism is always predominant over the OO bond cleavage.  相似文献   

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