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1.
Substitution reactions of five monofunctional Pd(II) complexes, [Pd(terpy)Cl]+ (terpy = 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine), [Pd(bpma)Cl]+ (bpma = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine), [Pd(dien)Cl]+ (dien = diethylenetriamine or 1,5-diamino-3-azapentane), [Pd(Me4dien)Cl]+ (Me4dien = 1,1,7,7-tetramethyldiethylenetriamine), and [Pd(Et4dien)Cl]+ (Et4dien = 1,1,7,7-tetraethyldiethylenetriamine), with unsaturated N-heterocycles such as 3-amino-4-iodo-pyrazole (pzI), 5-amino-4-bromo-3-methyl-pyrazole (pzBr), 1,2,4-triazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, and imidazole were investigated in aqueous 0.10 M NaClO4 in the presence of 10 mM NaCl using variable-temperature stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The second-order rate constants k2 indicate that the reactivity of the Pd(II) complexes decrease in the order [Pd(terpy)Cl]+ > [Pd(bpma)Cl]+ > [Pd(dien)Cl]+ > [Pd(Me4dien)Cl]+ > [Pd(Et4dien)Cl]+. The most reactive nucleophile of the heterocycles is pyrazine, while the slowest reactivity is with pyrazole. Activation parameters were determined for all reactions and negative entropies of activation, ΔS, supporting an associative mode of substitution. The reactions between [Pd(bpma)Cl]+ and 1,2,4-triazole, pzI, and pzBr were also investigated by 1H NMR to define the manner of coordination. These results could be useful for better explanation of structure-reactivity relationships of Pd(II) complexes as well as for the prediction of potential targets of Pd(II) complexes toward common N-heterocycles, constituents of biomolecules and different N-bonding pharmaceutical agents.  相似文献   

2.
Substitution reactions of three Pd(II) complexes, [Pd(cbdca)Cl2]2? (cbdca = cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato), [Pd(ox)Cl2]2? (ox = oxalato) and [Pd(mal)Cl2]2? (mal = malonato), with different five- and six-membered N-heterocycles, such as pyrazole, 3-amino-4-iodo-pyrazole (pzI), 5-amino-4-bromo-3-methyl-pyrazole (pzBr), 1,2,4-triazole, pyrazine, imidazole, pyridazine and pyrimidine, were investigated in aqueous 0.10 M NaClO4 with the presence of 20 mM NaCl using variable-temperature stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Substitution of these complexes occurs in two consecutive reversible steps, and their reactivity decreases in order [Pd(cbdca)Cl2]2? > [Pd(mal)Cl2]2? > [Pd(ox)Cl2]2?. The most reactive nucleophile among the five-membered heterocycles is imidazole, while pyridazine is the most reactive among the six-membered heterocycles. Activation parameters were determined for all reactions, and negative values for entropy of activation, ΔS, support an associative mode of substitution. The reaction between [Pd(mal)Cl2]2? complex and pzBr was investigated by 1H NMR, and the obtained results confirm that substitution with nitrogen-donor nucleophile does not lead to decomposition of the complex.  相似文献   

3.
Oligonucleotides composed of 1′,5′‐anhydro‐arabino‐hexitol nucleosides belonging to the L series (L ‐HNA) were prepared and preliminarily studied as a novel potential base‐pairing system. Synthesis of enantiopure L ‐hexitol nucleotide monomers equipped with a 2′‐(N6‐benzoyladenin‐9‐yl) or a 2′‐(thymin‐1‐yl) moiety was carried out by a de novo approach based on a domino reaction as key step. The L oligonucleotide analogues were evaluated in duplex formation with natural complements as well as with unnatural sugar‐modified oligonucleotides. In many cases stable homo‐ and heterochiral associations were found. Besides Tm measurements, detection of heterochiral complexes was unambiguously confirmed by LC‐MS studies. Interestingly, circular dichroism measurements of the most stable duplexes suggested that L ‐HNA form left‐handed helices with both D and L oligonucleotides.  相似文献   

4.
4′‐Cyanophenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (cptpy) was employed as an N,N′,N′′‐tridentate ligand to synthesize the compounds bis[4′‐(4‐cyanophenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine]cobalt(II) bis(tetrafluoridoborate) nitromethane solvate, [CoII(C22H14N4)2](BF4)2·CH3NO2, (I), and bis[4′‐(4‐cyanophenyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine]cobalt(III) tris(tetrafluoridoborate) nitromethane sesquisolvate, [CoIII(C22H14N4)2](BF4)3·1.5CH3NO2, (II). In both complexes, the cobalt ions occupy a distorted octahedral geometry with two cptpy ligands in a meridional configuration. A greater distortion from octahedral geometry is observed in (I), which indicates a different steric consequence of the constrained ligand bite on the CoII and CoIII ions. The crystal structure of (I) features an interlocked sheet motif, which differs from the one‐dimensional chain packing style present in (II). The lower dimensionality in (II) can be explained by the disturbance caused by the larger number of anions and solvent molecules involved in the crystal structure of (II). All atoms in (I) are on general positions, and the F atoms of one BF4 anion are disordered. In (II), one B atom is on an inversion center, necessitating disorder of the four attached F atoms, another B atom is on a twofold axis with ordered F atoms, and the C and N atoms of one nitromethane solvent molecule are on a twofold axis, causing disorder of the methyl H atoms. This relatively uncommon study of analogous CoII and CoIII complexes provides a better understanding of the effects of different oxidation states on coordination geometry and crystal packing.  相似文献   

5.
New coordination compounds with the 4,4′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole ligand (btr), namely tetraaqua‐2κ4O‐di‐μ2‐4,4′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1:2κ2N1:N1′;2:3κ2N1:N1′‐hexachlorido‐1κ3Cl,3κ3Cl‐trizinc(II), [Zn3Cl6(C4H4N6)2(H2O)4], (I), and poly[cadmium(II)‐μ2‐4,4′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole‐κ2N1:N2‐di‐μ2‐chlorido], [CdCl2(C4H4N6)]n, (II), reveal an unprecedented molecular zwitterionic structure for (I) and a polymeric two‐dimensional layer structure for (II). Differences between these products, which involve the formation of either charge‐separated chlorometallate/aquametal fragments or complementary organic and inorganic bridges, are attributable to the hardness–softness characters of the metal cations. In (I), two N1,N1′‐bidentate btr molecules connect one [Zn(H2O)4]2+ cation and two [ZnCl3] anions into a linear trizinc motif (the Zn atom of the cation occupies a centre of inversion in an N2O4 coordination octahedron, whereas the Zn atom of the anion possesses a distorted tetrahedral Cl3N environment). In (II), the distorted vertex‐sharing CdCl4N2 octahedra are linked into binuclear [Cd22‐Cl)(μ2‐btr)2]3+ fragments by unprecedented N1:N2‐bidentate btr double bridges and bridging chloride ligands, while the additional chloride anions are also bridging, providing further propagation of the fragments into a two‐dimensional network [Cd—Cl = 2.5869 (2)–2.6248 (7) Å].  相似文献   

6.
A preparation of (1′R,2′S,3′R,4′S)‐1‐(2′,3′,4′‐trihydroxycyclopent‐1′‐yl)‐lH‐cytosine (5′‐norcarbodine, 3 ) has formally been achieved in 2 steps from (+)‐(1R,4S)‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐yl acetate ( 4 ) and cytosine. The L‐like enantiomer of 3 (that is, 6 ) is also reported using the enantiomer of 4 (that is, 7 ). In evalu ating 3 and 6 for antiviral potential against a number of viruses, compound 3 was found to have activity towards Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV).  相似文献   

7.
8.
The structures of two new sulfate complexes are reported, namely di‐μ‐sulfato‐κ3O,O′:O′′‐bis{aqua­[2,4,6‐tris(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐κ3N1,N2,N6]­cadmium(II)} tetra­hydrate, [Cd2(SO4)2(C16H12N6)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, and di‐μ‐sulfato‐κ2O:O′‐bis­[(2,2′:6′,2′′‐ter­pyridine‐κ3N1,N1′,N1′′)­zinc(II)] dihydrate, [Cd2(SO4)2(C15H11N3)2]·2H2O, the former being the first report of a Cd(tpt) complex [tpt is 2,4,6‐tris(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine]. Both compounds crystallize in the space group P and form centrosymmetric dimeric structures. In the cadmium complex, the metal center is heptacoordinated in the form of a pentagonal bipyramid, while in the zinc complex, the metal ion is in a fivefold environment, the coordination geometry being intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal. Packing of the dimers leads to the formation of planar structures strongly linked by hydrogen bonding.  相似文献   

9.
The kinetics of the reactions of [Pt(dipic)(H2O)] and [Pt(digly)(H2O)] (where H2dipic = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid and H2digly = glycylglycine) with oxalate ion were studied at 25°C in aqueous medium by UV–vis spectroscopy at I = 0.1 mol dm?3 over an wide range of pH. A probable associative pathway may involve a five‐coordinate intermediate leading to the formation of an unidentate oxalate species, which converts to bidentate chelate in subsequent fast steps. The products are isolated and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectra. The kinetic data from pH variation experiments are fitted by a computer program to a sequence of reactions and the different rate constants are evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 327–333, 2003  相似文献   

10.
Yong Li  Gui-Jun Wang 《中国化学》1992,10(4):304-308
ESR measurements have been carried out for some copper(Ⅱ) complexes of bis(4'-ben-zo-15-crown-5) at 77 K.The results of ESR spectrometric titration indicated that the binuclear com-plexes were prepared in the present system.The binuclear complexes revealed characteristic ESRg-anisotropies (gZ相似文献   

11.
The formation constants of the species formed in the systems H+ + dimethyltin(IV) + 5′‐IMP and 5′‐UMP, H+ + 5′‐IMP and H+ + 5′‐UMP have been determined in aqueous solution in the pH range 1.5–9.5 at constant temperature (25 °C) and constant ionic strength (0.1 mol dm−3 NaClO4), using spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques. 1H and 31P NMR investigations in aqueous solution confirmed the species formation. The precipitated complexes of IMP and UMP by Me2Sn(IV)2+ at low pH values were characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy methods, the bonding sites of the ligands were determined and ruled out purine and pyrimidine moieties (N‐7 and N‐1 in IMP and N‐3 in UMP, respectively) while a bidentated coordination of the phosphate group is concluded in both cases. Finally, the experiments revealed the existence of complexes with trigonal bipyramidal structures that is in agreement with similar systems resulted previously. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
The ternary complex Pd(Ⅱ)-2,2‘-bipyridine-L-asparagic acid was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR-spectra and molar conductance. The formula of the complex is Pd(bipy)(L-asp). The interaction of the complex with DNA has been studied by UV-spectra, fluorescence spectra, CD-spectra and gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the interaction of the complex with DNA performed mainly in intercalative mode and the extent of interaction was dependent on the concentration of the complex.  相似文献   

13.
We describe the synthesis of (5′S)‐5′‐C‐butylthymidine ( 5a ), of the (5′S)‐5′‐C‐butyl‐ and the (5′S)‐5′‐C‐isopentyl derivatives 16a and 16b of 2′‐deoxy‐5‐methylcytidine, as well as of the corresponding cyanoethyl phosphoramidites 9a , b and 14a , b , respectively. Starting from thymidin‐5′‐al 1 , the alkyl chain at C(5′) is introduced via Wittig chemistry to selectively yield the (Z)‐olefin derivatives 3a and 3b (Scheme 2). The secondary OH function at C(5′) is then introduced by epoxidation followed by regioselective reduction of the epoxy derivatives 4a and 4b with diisobutylaluminium hydride. In the latter step, a kinetic resolution of the diastereoisomer mixture 4a and 4b occurs, yielding the alkylated nucleoside 2a and 2b , respectively, with (5′S)‐configuration in high diastereoisomer purity (de=94%). The corresponding 2′‐deoxy‐5‐methylcytidine derivatives are obtained from the protected 5′‐alkylated thymidine derivatives 7a and 7b via known base interconversion processes in excellent yields (Scheme 3). Application of the same strategy to the purine nucleoside 2′‐deoxyadenine to obtain 5′‐C‐butyl‐2′‐deoxyadenosine 25 proved to be difficult due to the sensitivity of the purine base to hydride‐based reducing agents (Scheme 4).  相似文献   

14.
Interactions between the nucleotides: adenosine‐5′‐diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) with NiII and CoII ions, as well as with spermine (Spm) and 1,11‐diamine‐4,8‐diazaundecane (3,3,3‐tet) are the subject of this study. Composition and stability constants of mixed complexes thus formed have been determined on the basis of the potentiometric measurements, whereas interaction centres in ligands have been identified by VIS and NMR spectral parameter analysis. Mixed tetraprotonated complexes with NiII, i.e. Ni(ADP)H4(Spm), Ni(ATP)H4(Spm), Ni(ADP)H4(3,3,3‐tet) and Ni(ATP)H4(333‐tet), are identified as ML·······L′ type adducts, in which the main coordination centre is the nucleotide nitrogen N(1) or N(7) donor atom, and the fully protonated polyamine is engaged in noncovalent interactions with nucleotide phosphate group oxygen atoms. Ni(ADP)H2(Spm), Ni(ATP)H2(Spm), Ni(ADP)H2(3,3,3‐tet) and Ni(ATP)H2(3,3,3‐tet) complexes represent the {N3} coordination type In diprotonated mixed complexes of NiII with spermine are weak noncovalent interligand interactions, providing an additional stabilising effect. Formation of ML·······L′ type molecular complexes has been observed in systems with CoII: Co(ADP)H4(Spm), Co(ATP)H4(Spm), Co(ADP)H4(3,3,3‐tet) and Co(ATP)H4(3,3,3‐tet), in which the N(7) atom and oxygen atoms of the phosphate group are involved in coordination and the fully protonated polyamine is engaged in noncovalent interactions with the nucleotide N(1).  相似文献   

15.
Novel 4,4′‐dichloro‐2,2′‐[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol (H2L) and its complexes [CuL] and {[CoL(THF)]2(OAc)2Co} have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H‐NMR and X‐ray crystallography. [CuL] forms a mononuclear structure which may be stabilized by the intermolecular contacts between copper atom (Cu) and oxygen atom (O3) to form a head‐to‐tail dimer. In {[CoL(THF)]2(OAc)2Co}, two acetates coordinate to three cobalt ions through Co? O? C? O? Co bridges and four µ‐phenoxo oxygen atoms from two [CoL(THF)] units also coordinate to cobalt ions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
The condensation reaction of 1,1′‐diacetylferrocene with thiocarbohydrazide and carbohydrazide to form bis‐(1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocenyl)thiocarbohydrazone and bis‐(1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocenyl)carbohydrazone has been studied. The compounds obtained have been further used as ligands for their ligand and antimicrobial properties with cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal ions. The compounds synthesized have been characterized by physical, spectral and analytical methods and have been screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata using the agar well‐diffusion method. All the compounds synthesized have shown good affinity as antibacterial and antifungal agents, which increased in most of the cases on complexation with the metal ions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
The Zn complexes bis(acetylacetonato‐κ2O,O′)bis{4′‐[4‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine‐κN1}zinc(II), [Zn(C5H7O2)2(C22H17N3S)2], (I), and {μ‐4′‐[4‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine‐κ2N1:N1′′}bis[bis(acetylacetonato‐κ2O,O′)zinc(II)], [Zn2(C5H7O2)4(C22H17N3S)], (II), are discrete entities with different nuclearities. Compound (I) consists of two centrosymmetrically related monodentate 4′‐[4‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine (L1) ligands binding to one ZnII atom sitting on an inversion centre and two centrosymmetrically related chelating acetylacetonate (acac) groups which bind via carbonyl O‐atom donors, giving an N2O4 octahedral environment for ZnII. Compound (II), however, consists of a bis‐monodentate L1 ligand bridging two ZnII atoms from two different Zn(acac)2 fragments. Intra‐ and intermolecular interactions are weak, mainly of the C—H...π and π–π types, mediating similar layered structures. In contrast to related structures in the literature, sulfur‐mediated nonbonding interactions in (II) do not seem to have any significant influence on the supramolecular structure.  相似文献   

18.
New synthetic approaches to 4,8‐dimethyl‐5′‐(N‐pyridiniummethyl)‐4′,5′‐dihydropsoralens and 4,8‐dimemyl‐5′‐(N‐aminomethyl)‐4′,5′‐dihydropsoralens are described. The 5′‐halomethyl‐4′,5′‐dihydro‐psoralen precursors are formed by electrophilic ring closures of 4,8‐dimethyl‐6‐allyl‐7‐hydroxycoumarin. The ring‐closure reactions may also be applied to the synthesis of 5′‐halomethyl‐4‐methyl‐4′,5′‐dihydroangelicins. The compounds are potential therapeutic agents for improved psoralen ultraviolet A radiation treatment.  相似文献   

19.
4,4′‐(p‐Phenylene)bipyridazine, C14H10N4, (I), and the coordination compounds catena‐poly[[dibromidocopper(II)]‐μ‐4,4′‐(p‐phenylene)bipyridazine‐κ2N2:N2′], [CuBr2(C14H10N4)]n, (II), and catena‐poly[[[tetrakis(μ‐acetato‐κ2O:O′)dicopper(II)]‐μ‐4,4′‐(p‐phenylene)bipyridazine‐κ2N1:N1′] chloroform disolvate], {[Cu2(C2H3O2)4(C14H10N4)]·2CHCl3}n, (III), contain a new extended bitopic ligand. The combination of the p‐phenylene spacer and the electron‐deficient pyridazine rings precludes C—H...π interactions between the lengthy aromatic molecules, which could be suited for the synthesis of open‐framework coordination polymers. In (I), the molecules are situated across a center of inversion and display a set of very weak intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds [3.399 (3) and 3.608 (2) Å]. In (II) and (III), the ligand molecules are situated across a center of inversion and act as N2,N2′‐bidentate [in (II)] and N1,N1′‐bidentate [in (III)] long‐distance bridges between the metal ions, leading to the formation of coordination chains [Cu—N = 2.005 (3) Å in (II) and 2.199 (2) Å in (III)]. In (II), the copper ion lies on a center of inversion and adopts CuN2Br4 (4+2)‐coordination involving two long axial Cu—Br bonds [3.2421 (4) Å]. In (III), the copper ion has a tetragonal pyramidal CuO4N environment. The uncoordinated pyridazine N atom and two acetate O atoms provide a multiple acceptor site for accommodation of a chloroform solvent molecule by trifurcated hydrogen bonding [C—H...O(N) = 3.298 (5)–3.541 (4) Å].  相似文献   

20.
In catena‐poly[[dichloridocobalt(II)]‐μ‐(1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazole‐κ2N2:N2′)], [CoCl2(C8H10N4)]n, (1), two independent bipyrazole ligands (Me2bpz) are situated across centres of inversion and in tetraaquabis(1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazole‐κN2)cobalt(II) dichloride–1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazole–water (1/2/2), [Co(C8H10N4)2(H2O)4]Cl2·2C8H10N4·2H2O, (2), the Co2+ cation lies on an inversion centre and two noncoordinated Me2bpz molecules are also situated across centres of inversion. The compounds are the first complexes involving N,N′‐disubstituted 4,4′‐bipyrazole tectons. They reveal a relatively poor coordination ability of the ligand, resulting in a Co–pyrazole coordination ratio of only 1:2. Compound (1) adopts a zigzag chain structure with bitopic Me2bpz links between tetrahedral CoII ions. Interchain interactions occur by means of very weak C—H...Cl hydrogen bonding. Complex (2) comprises discrete octahedral trans‐[Co(Me2bpz)2(H2O)4]2+ cations formed by monodentate Me2bpz ligands. Two equivalents of additional noncoordinated Me2bpz tectons are important as `second‐sphere ligands' connecting the cations by means of relatively strong O—H...N hydrogen bonding with generation of doubly interpenetrated pcu (α‐Po) frameworks. Noncoordinated chloride anions and solvent water molecules afford hydrogen‐bonded [(Cl)2(H2O)2] rhombs, which establish topological links between the above frameworks, producing a rare eight‐coordinated uninodal net of {424.5.63} ( ilc ) topology.  相似文献   

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