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1.
The “Thermo-Stat” — a new device for the determination of catalyticaily active substancesA device for the determination of catalytically active substances, called a “ThermoStat”, is described. An additional heater is used to keep constant an arbitrarily preset temperature gradient between the reaction mixture and a cooling coil. Any heat produced by the catalysed reaction induces a deviation from the preset parameter and thus cuts out the additional heater. These breaks are plotted versus time by an integrating recorder. The slope of the reaction curve obtained is a measure of the concentration of the catalyst. As examples, determinations of copper in the range 0.1–2.0μg and molybdenum in the range 5–50 μg are discussed.  相似文献   

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The quantitative determination of the transfer of substances in the system packaging material/foodstuff is essential for the protection of the consumer and with respect to food regulations. The analytical difficulties occurring can be overcome by using food simulants and radio indicators. With the help of the radio tracer techniques described it is possible to determine the migration of an individual component of the packaging material into liquid and solid foodstuffs or their simulants. The methods show a high detection sensitivity; other substances do not interfere. This is accomplished by incorporating a radio indicator with the same chemical structure as the packaging-material component under consideration into test films or test sheets under conditions actually encountered in practice. The radio indicator must be evenly distributed in the test material. Then, parts of the radioactive test films or sheets are brought in one- or two-sided contact with the foodstuffs or their simulants using newly developed extraction and migration cells. The extracted or migrated amounts of the packaging material component are calculated from the radioactivities migrated into the contact media under the test conditions given. As an example for the application of these radio tracer techniques, investigations into the migration behaviour of the organotin stabilizer di-n-octyltin-2-ethyl-hexyl-dithioglycolate in the system rigid PVC/edible fat or test fat resp. are described. For the determination of the total components migrating from a packaging material into foodstuffs, a radio tracer method was developed making use of a14C-labelled standard triglyceride mixture—the fat simulant HB 307—14C: therefore, the sample of the packaging material is weighed before and after storage in the fat simulant HB 307—14C and the content of simulant in the stored sample is determined radioanalytically. The so-called global migrate equals the difference in weight of the sample of packaging material before and after storage in the simulant, provided, the amount of simulant absorbed by the test specimen has been subtracted previously from the weight of the stored sample. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated by determinations of the global migrates of polyvinyl chloride films containing different amounts of plasticizers and the dependence of the mean error of the single determination on the amount of global migrate is discussed.   相似文献   

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The selectivity of the determination of iron based on the catalytic action of iron on the oxidation of p-phenetidine by hydrogen peroxide, can be increased greatly by a preliminary extraction of iron with MIBK from 7 M LiCl solution. The catalytic determination of the extracted iron can be done directly in the extract by using a mixture with water, ethanol and the reagents of the indicator reaction. A simple and rapid procedure allows traces of iron (5·10-6 – 10-3%) to be determined in Co, Ni and Cu salts and in LiCl and MgSO4. The standard deviation is about 6–10%.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Die Strukturaufklärung mit Hilfe der Kernresonanzspektroskopie stützt sich bisher vor allem auf die Interpretation von chemischen Verschiebungen und Kopplungskonstanten in NMR-Spektren. Daneben gewinnt die Interpretation der longitudinalen Relaxationszeiten T 1 immer mehr an Bedeutung.Zur Bestimmung der longitudinalen Relaxationszeit sind verschiedene Verfahren vorgeschlagen worden. Die meisten dieser Methoden sind jedoch sehr zeitintensiv oder ungenau.Es wurde deshalb ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung von T 1 entwickelt. Diese Methode ist ein modifiziertes Sättigungsverfahren, bei dem eine aperiodische Puls-Sättigungssequenz (APS) angewandt wird. Die T 1-Messung wird dadurch unabhängig von unvermeidbaren Inhomogenitäten des H 0- und des H 1-Feldes. Es konnte auch gezeigt werden, daß das Verfahren über einen großen Bereich unempfindlich gegenüber fehljustierten Pulsbreiten ist.Verglichen mit der häufig angewandten 180°-90°-Puls-Methode ergibt sich bei der Anwendung der APS eine 4–5 mal kürzere Meßzeit.
New method for determining the spin-lattice relaxation time in nuclear resonance spectroscopy
Until today the clearing up of structures of molecules by NMR-spectroscopy depends mostly on the interpretation of chemical shifts and coupling constants in NMR spectra. Besides, the interpretation of spin-lattice-relaxation times T 1 is getting more and more important.For the determination of the spin-lattice-relaxation times several methods have been proposed. Most of these require much time or are at least inexact.Therefore we developed a new procedure for measuring T 1. This is a modified saturation technique, and is based on an aperiodic pulse sequence (APS). It allows to take T 1 measurements independent of the unavoidable inhomogenities of the H 0 and the H 1 fields. The pulse width is also uncritical.Compared with the usually applied 180°-90° pulse sequence, this method works 4–5 times faster.
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5.
The proposed method gives a new way for the determination of nitrogen according to Kjeldahl and permits working on a microgram scale. The use of a receiver containing a known amount of strong acid or boric acid can be omitted. As indicators arc recommended : sodium salt of alizarin sulphonic acid (till 100 γ nitrogen) and methyl red (over 100γ nitrogen). The titrations were carried out with 0.004 n and 0.002 n sulphuric acid respectively. The results obtained with proteins, quinine, papaverine, pyramidon, taurine etc. are satisfactory.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Um die Polyglykolkette in oxalkylierten Alkylphenolen abzuspalten, werden diese in schmelzendem Kaliumhydroxid aufgeschlossen. Der Aufschluß entfernt die Polyglykolkette quantitativ, ohne die Alkylkette der Alkylphenole zu verändern. Die Alkylphenole werden isoliert und können nun mit den üblichen chromatographischen Methoden aufgetrennt werden. Ihre Strukturen lassen sich mit Hilfe von IR-, UV- und NMR-Spektren aufklären. Die Diskussion über die Spektren von Umsetzungsprodukten aus Butylphenol und Äthylenoxid sowie Propylenoxid belegt die Notwendigkeit einer solchen Abbaumethode.Herrn Prof. Dr. Werner Schultheis zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

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An isoperibolic calorimeter for determining the enthalpies of solution of salts was constructed. The enthalpies of solution of lanthanum (III) ions in water were determined. The calculated enthalpies of hydration reveal an effect very similar to the tetrad effect observed in extraction equilibria of rate earth(III) compounds  相似文献   

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A new and simple method for the determination of the C-terminal groups of peptides is proposed. The carboxyl groups are converted into the corresponding peptide-triazines by treating with dimethylbiguanide. These derivatives are then hydrolysed by Streptomyces griseus protease and the amino-acid derivatives in the hydrolysate are identified by thin-layer or paper chromatography.  相似文献   

17.
A high-temperature calorimeter is described which permits the measurement of mixing enthalpies of liquid alloys and of solution enthalpies of solid alloys at temperatures ranging up to 1000°C. The suitability of the apparatus is shown by its application to the measurement of the mixing enthalpies of the liquid alloys in the indium-antimony system.  相似文献   

18.
Zusammenfassung Nach einer kurzen Diskussion der Molybdänblau- und Methylenblaumethode sowie der überprüften Farbreaktion mit Ammoniummolybdat und Kaliumrhodanid werden weitere Versuche zur Kolorimetrie von Sulfidionen bzw. von Schwefelwasserstoff mitgeteilt. Das in einer früheren Mitteilung empfohlene Wismutreagens wurde nach eingehenden Versuchen geringfügig abgeändert. Es ist nunmehr etwa 3 Wochen haltbar. Die Analysenergebnisse sind befriedigend.Aus der nun vorliegenden vollständigen Literaturübersicht und der abgeschlossenen Überprüfung aller bekannten Verfahren unter Verwendung des Spektrophotometers von Beckman kann geschlossen werden, daß keine der gegenwärtig bekannten kolorimetrischen Methoden restlos befriedigt, wenngleich die im einzelnen erreichten Nachweisempfindlichkeiten für Zwecke der Mikroanalyse als sehr gut bezeichnet werden dürfen.
Summary After a short discussion of the molybdenum blue- and the methylene blue method and also the color reaction with ammonium molybdate and potassium thiocyanate, further studies are reported of the colorimetry of sulfide ions and hydrogen sulfide. After extensive investigation, the bismuth reagent recommended in an earlier paper is modified slightly. It is now stable for about three weeks. The analytical findings are satisfactory.It may be concluded from the now available complete literature survey and the completed trial of all known procedures with use of the Beckman spectrophotometer, that none of the present colorimetric methods is entirely satisfactory, even though the detection sensitivities obtained in isolated instances can be regarded as very good for microanalytical purposes.

Résumé Après une courte discussion sur la méthode au bleu de molybdène et au bleu de méthylène ainsi que de la réaction colorée bien établie au molybdate d'ammonium et au thiocyanate de potassium, on présente d'autres expériences sur la colorimétrie de l'ion sulfhydrique et de l'hydrogène sulfuré. Le réactif au bismuth recommandé dans une précédente communication a été modifié d'une façon insignifiante après des essais précis. Il se conserve au moins pendant trois semaines. Les résultats d'analyse sont satisfaisants.A partir de la revue bibliographique actuellement complète et du contrôle achevé pour tous les procédés connus à l'aide du spectrophotomètre de Beckman, on peut conclure qu'aucune des méthodes colorimétriques actuellement connues n'est absolument satisfaisante même quand les sensibilités particulières atteintes en vue de la micro-analyse se recommandent comme excellentes.


Derzeit in Fa. Doz. Dr. Slevogt, Wessobrunn b. Weilheim, Obb.  相似文献   

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Arylalkynes are alkylated in a rapid reaction and under mild conditions by alkyl iodides in the presence of powdered KOH and 18-crown-6  相似文献   

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