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1.
为了解决TiO_2纳米光催化剂易团聚、禁带宽度大的缺点,本文采用水热法制备了TiO_2/电气石(3%)复合材料,研究了水热时间(2~10 h)和水热温度(120~200℃)对TiO_2/电气石(3%)的光催化性能的影响。发现光催化降解罗丹明B的降解率由单独TiO_2的60%提高到加入电气石后的99.4%。电气石具备自发极化电场效应,降低了TiO_2的禁带宽度和光生电子和空穴的复合率。在水热温度160℃、水热时间4 h条件下制备的TiO_2/电气石(3%)表现出最高的光催化降解罗丹明B的性能。说明TiO_2与这种有自发极化的材料复合能够有效提高其光催化性能。  相似文献   

2.
以静电纺丝技术制备的TiO2纳米纤维为基质,通过溶剂热法制备了异质结型稀土Ce掺杂Bi2MoO6/TiO2复合纳米纤维。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)以及荧光光谱(PL)等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光学性能等进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,研究了样品的可见光催化性能。结果表明:在稀土掺杂样品中,Ce离子进入Bi2MoO6晶格,部分取代Bi3+,导致晶胞膨胀,晶格畸变,形成缺陷;与TiO2复合形成异质结,有利于光生电荷的产生、转移和有效分离,从而提高TiO2纳米纤维的光催化活性。可见光照射180 min,罗丹明B的降解率达到95.1%。经5次循环光催化降解活性基本不变,样品具有良好的光催化稳定性。  相似文献   

3.
以水热法制备的20% g-C3N4/TiO2(20%为质量分数)为基,将其与不同质量分数的氧化石墨烯(GO)复合制备出可见光催化性能优良的GO/TiO2-g-C3N4三元复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致荧光光谱(PL)、瞬态光电流响应等分析测试手段对样品的结构、形貌和光电性能进行表征。研究了不同质量分数GO的加入对GO/TiO2-g-C3N4在可见光下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的影响。结果表明: g-C3N4/TiO2与GO复合后,锐钛矿相TiO2颗粒形成小团簇附着在g-C3N4和GO片层表面,且当GO含量为15%时,TiO2形成的团簇最小,对可见光的吸收最多且光生电子-空穴对的复合率最低。可见光照射下,15% GO/TiO2-g-C3N4复合材料对MB的降解率在3 h内可达98.4%,且其降解速率常数(0.022 4 min-1)分别是纯TiO2(0.001 5 min-1)和g-C3N4/TiO2(0.002 5 min-1)的15倍和9倍。  相似文献   

4.
以TiO2纳米管为模板,采用多组分自组装结合水热法制备Bi2WO6/TiO2纳米管异质结构复合材料。通过多种技术如X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),N2吸附-脱附,扫描电镜(SEM),高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)考察所制备样品的组成、结构、形貌、光吸收和电子性质。Bi2WO6纳米片或纳米粒子分布在TiO2纳米管上,形成异质结构。随后,通过在紫外、可见和微波辅助光催化模式下降解染料罗丹明B(RhB)来评价复合催化剂的光催化活性。与TiO2纳米管和Bi2WO6相比,Bi2WO6/TiO2-35纳米管在多模式下表现出更优异的光催化活性。与紫外和可见降解模式相比,Bi2WO6/TiO2-35纳米管在微波辅助光催化模式下对RhB的降解效率最高。这种增强的光催化活性源于适量Bi2WO6的引入、纳米管独特的形貌特征和降解模式所引起的增强的量子效率。降解过程中的活性物种被证明是h+,·OH和·O2-自由基。而且,在微波辅助光催化模式下,可产生更多的·OH和·O2-自由基。  相似文献   

5.
以TiO2纳米管为模板,采用多组分自组装结合水热法制备Bi2WO6/TiO2纳米管异质结构复合材料。通过多种技术如X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),N2吸附脱附,扫描电镜(SEM),高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)考察所制备样品的组成、结构、形貌、光吸收和电子性质。Bi2WO6纳米片或纳米粒子分布在TiO2纳米管上,形成异质结构。随后,通过在紫外、可见和微波辅助光催化模式下降解染料罗丹明B(RhB)来评价复合催化剂的光催化活性。与TiO2纳米管和Bi2WO6相比,Bi2WO6/TiO2-35纳米管在多模式下表现出更优异的光催化活性。与紫外和可见降解模式相比,Bi2WO6/TiO2-35纳米管在微波辅助光催化模式下对RhB的降解效率最高。这种增强的光催化活性源于适量Bi2WO6的引入、纳米管独特的形貌特征和降解模式所引起的增强的量子效率。降解过程中的活性物种被证明是h+,·OH和·O2-自由基。而且,在微波辅助光催化模式下,可产生更多的·OH和·O2-自由基。  相似文献   

6.
用固相反应合成法合成了光催化剂Fe2BiTaO7,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、紫外-可见漫反射等表征方法对其组织结构及光催化性能进行了研究.结果表明Fe2BiTaO7为立方晶系烧绿石结构,空间群为Fd3m,禁带宽度为1.72eV.通过比较Fe2BiTaO7、P25TiO2、掺氮TiO2和Bi2InTaO7的可见光光催化降解罗丹明B,发现Fe2BiTaO7降解效果及催化活性均高于其它催化剂,并且Fe2BiTaO7降解罗丹明B效率是掺氮二氧化钛的1.5倍.Fe2BiTaO7降解罗丹明B的曲线符合一级动力学,一级动力学常数为0.02293 min-1.研究了罗丹明B可能的降解路径和Fe2BiTaO7在可见光下降解苯酚的效果.Fe2BiTaO7(可见光)光催化剂系统适用于纺织工业废水处理.  相似文献   

7.
以锐钛矿相TiO2溶胶为基底,采用沉淀法和液相沉积法制备了TiO2/Cu2O/Pt复合空心微球,通过改变nTi4+nCu2+和H2PtCl6·6 H2O溶液的加入量对TiO2的形貌和结构进行调控,采用不同的方法对不同样品的物相及结构、微观形貌和光学性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,复合材料中Pt与Cu2O的引入产生协同效应,不仅在一定程度上阻止了电子-空穴的复合,还降低了禁带宽度,在可见光区域光吸收明显增强。与TiO2、Cu2O和TiO2/Cu2O光催化剂相比较,TiO2/Cu2O/Pt降解有机污染物的能力显著增强,首次光照120 min可降解93%的甲基橙(MO)溶液,4次循环后降解率为71%,具有良好的光催化稳定性能。  相似文献   

8.
在阳极氧化电解液中添加NaBF4制得了具可见光活性的B掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列(B/TNTs)。采用扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为目标反应评价其光催化活性。结果表明:添加NaBF4后,TiO2纳米管表面形貌变化较大;B掺入到TiO2晶格中形成B-O-Ti键;B掺杂使得TiO2纳米管表面羟基量增加、光学带隙能减小、光吸收阀值红移,且B掺杂量越多,其相应值的变化量越大;B掺杂能促进TiO2锐钛矿相的发育,纳米管经550℃煅烧后仍保持未掺杂样品的锐钛矿相结构;NaBF4的最佳添加量为0.6%(w/w)时,所得样品光催化活性最佳,可见光下光催化降解MB的4 h降解率由未添加的39.90%提高至75.15%,且反复使用10次后其光催化性能基本保持不变;总有机碳(TOC)分析结果表明,MB在可见光下能被B/TiO2有效矿化。  相似文献   

9.
采用电化学方法制备Ag2S/Ag3PO4/Ni复合薄膜,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构、光谱特性及能带结构进行了表征,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性进行了测定,采用向溶液中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜的光催化机理进行了探索。结果表明:最佳工艺制备的Ag2S/Ag3PO4/Ni是由均匀的球形纳米颗粒构成的薄膜,其光催化活性明显优于纯Ag3PO4/Ni薄膜和纯Ag2S/Ni薄膜,且在保持薄膜光催化活性基本不变的前提下可循环使用6次。提出了可见光下Ag2S/Ag3PO4/Ni复合薄膜光催化降解罗丹明B的反应机理。  相似文献   

10.
王挺  吴礼光  蒋新 《无机化学学报》2011,27(8):1477-1482
利用吸附相反应技术制备得到了掺杂不同浓度的Fe2O3的TiO2复合光催化剂。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)研究不同掺杂浓度对TiO2形貌和结晶过程的影响,并利用3种波长光源下的甲基橙光降解实验考评了各个复合光催化剂的催化活性。结果表明,掺杂后复合光催化剂中Fe2O3分散性较好较均匀。在TiO2紫外可见吸收光谱中由于Fe2O3的掺杂而出现了红移,而且随着掺杂浓度增加红移越来越明显,复合光催化剂的禁带宽度也越来越小。在焙烧过程中无定形Fe2O3或Fe3+进入了TiO2的晶格结构,从而抑制了TiO2的结晶过程。半导体禁带宽度的减少以及TiO2结晶过程的抑制作用,都导致紫外光下复合光催化剂催化活性的降低。但Fe2O3的掺杂也使得复合光催化剂在可见光区出现了一定的光催化活性。  相似文献   

11.
K3InF6 is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K3InF6 by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K3InC12O14H4F18 is characterized by complex anions [In(CF3COO)4(OHx)2](5−2x)− and isolated [CF3COOH2−x](x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K+ cations. The crystal structure of K3InC12O12F18 is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF3COO)6]3− and K+ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K2InC10O10H6F9 and K3InC12O12F18 were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.  相似文献   

12.
The crystal structures of Bi2.5Na0.5Ta2O9 and Bi2.5Nam-1.5NbmO3m+3 (m=3,4) have been investigated by the Rietveld analysis of their neutron powder diffraction patterns (λ=1.470 Å). These compounds belong to the Aurivillius phase family and are built up by (Bi2O2)2+ fluorite layers and (Am-1BmO3m+1)2- (m=2-4) pseudo-perovskite slabs. Bi2.5Na0.5Ta2O9 (m=2) and Bi2.5Na2.5Nb4O15 (m=4) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group A21am, Z=4, with lattice constants of a=5.4763(4), b=5.4478(4), c=24.9710 (15) and a=5.5095(5), b=5.4783(5), c=40.553(3) Å, respectively. Bi2.5Na1.5Nb3O12 (m=3) has been refined in the orthorhombic space group B2cb, Z=4, with the unit-cell parameters a=5.5024(7), b=5.4622(7), and c=32.735(4) Å. In comparison with its isostructural Nb analogue, the structure of Bi2.5Na0.5Ta2O9 is less distorted and bond valence sum calculations indicate that the Ta-O bonds are somewhat stronger than the Nb-O bonds. The cell parameters a and b increase with increasing m for the compounds Bi2.5Nam-1.5NbmO3m+3 (m=2-4), causing a greater strain in the structure. Electron microscopy studies verify that the intergrowth of mixed perovskite layers, caused by stacking faults, also increases with increasing m.  相似文献   

13.
一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…  相似文献   

14.
The crystal structures of compounds with nominal compositions Bi6FeP2O15+x (I), Bi6NiP2O15+x (II) and Bi6ZnP2O15+x (III) were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are monoclinic, space group I2, Z=2. The lattice parameters for (I) are a=11.2644(7), b=5.4380(3), c=11.1440(5) Å, β=96.154(4)°; for (II) a=11.259(7), b=5.461(4), c=11.109(7) Å, β=96.65(1)°; for (III) a=19.7271(5), b=5.4376(2), c=16.9730(6) Å, β=131.932(1)°. Least squares refinements on F2 converged for (I) to R1=0.0554, wR2=0.1408; for (II) R1=0.0647, wR2=0.1697; for (III) R1=0.0385, wR2=0.1023. The crystals are complexly twinned by 2-fold rotation about , by inversion and by mirror reflection. The structures consist of edge-sharing articulations of OBi4 tetrahedra forming layers in the a-c plane that then continue by edge-sharing parallel to the b-axis. The three-dimensional networks are bridged by Fe and Ni octahedra in (I) and (II) and by Zn trigonal bipyramids in (III) as well as by oxygen atoms of the PO4 moieties. Bi also randomly occupies the octahedral sites. Oxygen vacancies exist in the structures of the three compounds due to required charge balances and they occur in the octahedral coordination polyhedron of the transition metal. In compound (III), no positional disorder in atomic sites is present. The Bi-O coordination polyhedra are trigonal prisms with one, two or three faces capped. Magnetic susceptibility data for compound (I) were obtained between 4.2 and 350 K. Between 4.2 and 250 K it is paramagnetic, μeff=6.1 μB; a magnetic transition occurs above 250 K.  相似文献   

15.
The compound previously reported as Ba2Ti2B2O9 has been reformulated as Ba3Ti3B2O12, or Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2, a new barium titanium oxoborate. Small single crystals have been recovered from a melt with a composition of BaTiO3:BaTiB2O6 (molar ratio) cooled between 1100°C and 850°C. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction: hexagonal system, non-centrosymmetric space group, a=8.7377(11) Å, c=3.9147(8) Å, Z=1, wR(F2)=0.039 for 504 unique reflections. Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2 is isostructural with K3Ta3O6(BO3)2. Preliminary measurements of nonlinear optical properties on microcrystalline samples show that the second harmonic generation efficiency of Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2 is equal to 95% of that of LiNbO3.  相似文献   

16.
利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi_2O_5)固相法制备C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C_3N_4与CaTi_2O_5物质的量之比(nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5)对C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C_3N_4和CaTi_2O_5样品,C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5=1∶1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。  相似文献   

17.
利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi2O5)固相法制备C3N4/CaTi2O5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C3N4与CaTi2O5物质的量之比(nC3N4/nCaTi2O5)对C3N4/CaTi2O5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C3N4/CaTi2O5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C3N4和CaTi2O5样品,C3N4/CaTi2O5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC3N4/nCaTi2O5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC3N4/nCaTi2O5=1:1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。  相似文献   

18.
We report the synthesis and elementary properties of the Co7Se8−xSx (x=0-8) and Ni7Se8−xSx (x=0-7) solid solutions. Both systems form a NiAs-type structure with metal vacancies. In general, the lattice parameters decrease with increasing x, but in the Ni7Se8−xSx system c increases on going from x=5 to 7. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that all samples exhibit temperature-independent paramagnetism from 25-250 K. Samples within the Co7Se8−xSx system, as well as Ni7Se8 and Ni7SeS7, were found to be poor metals with resistivities of ∼0.20 and ∼0.06 mΩ cm at 300 K, respectively. The Sommerfeld constant (γ) was determined from specific heat measurements to be ∼13 mJ/molCoK2 and ∼7 mJ/molNiK2 for Co7Se8−xSx and Ni7Se8−xSx, respectively.  相似文献   

19.
YBa2Cu3Ox (Y-123) and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox (Bi-2212) films on various substrates have been prepared by Metal-Organic Deposition starting from different metallorganic fluorine-free compounds and using a very simple instrumentation. The processing conditions include a rapid pyrolysis step in air and an annealing step in oxygen for Y-123 and in air for Bi-2212. The films obtained have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the formation of a superconducting phase of Y-123 or Bi-2212 was confirmed measuring the critical temperature (T c) with Ac-susceptibility and resistive measurements. Microstructure and final cationic ratios have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).  相似文献   

20.
Two new compounds, La3Ru8B6 and Y3Os8B6, were synthesized by arc melting the elements. Their structural characterization was carried out at room temperature on as-cast samples by using X-ray diffractometry. According to X-ray single-crystal diffraction results these borides crystallize in Fmmm space group (no. 69), Z=4, a=5.5607(1) Å, b=9.8035(3) Å, c=17.5524(4) Å, ρ=8.956 Mg/m3, μ=25.23 mm−1 for La3Ru8B6 and a=5.4792(2) Å, b=9.5139(4) Å, c=17.6972(8) Å, ρ=13.343 Mg/m3, μ=128.23 mm−1 for Y3Os8B6. The crystal structure of La3Ru8B6 was confirmed from Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. Both La3Ru8B6 and Y3Os8B6 compounds are isotypic with the Ca3Rh8B6 compound and their structures are built up from CeCo3B2-type and CeAl2Ga2-type structural fragments taken in ratio 2:1. They are the members of structural series R(A)nM3n−1B2n with n=3 (R is the rare earth metal, A the alkaline earth metal, and M the transition metal). Structural and atomic parameters were also obtained for La0.94Ru3B2 compound from Rietveld refinement (CeCo3B2-type structure, P6/mmm space group (no. 191), a=5.5835(9) Å, c=3.0278(6) Å).  相似文献   

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