The chemical composition of the essential oil of the larch

Summary The essential oils of various species of larch have been separated by gas-liquid chromatography under conditions of linear temperature programming.Of the 45 compounds present in each of the essential oils, 32 components have been identified, 16 of which have not previously been found in larch essential oil.The chemical compositions of the oxygen-containing and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of four species and one variety of larch have been studied. It has been shown that there is no quantitative difference between the compositions of the individual species of larch and only their quantitative compositions differ.Voronezh Institute of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 456–462, July–August, 1976.     

Composition of the resinous substances of conifer needles. I. Group composition of the resinous substances of the needles of the pinePinus silvestris

A system of solvents has been selected for the successive extraction of pine needles (benzene, isopropanol, and isopropanol + chloroform). Extraction was carried out by the steeping method at room temperature, and the yield of resinous substances was 19.4%. The extractive substances isolated consisted of neutral compounds, glycolipids, and phospholipids. The group compositions of the neutral substances have been determined by column chromatography. The predominating components in them are hydrocarbons (15.9%), diglycerides (10.7%), and waxy substances (27.6%).Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 396–398, May–June, 1979.     

An investigation by gas liquid chromatography into the composition of the essential oils of some Siberian conifers

Summary Eighteen monoterpene hydrocarbons have been isolated from the essential oils of Siberian species of cedar, larch, and fir. Fourteen components have been identified by gas-liquid chromatography.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 382–384, 1965.     

Composition of the lipids and carbohydrates of the seeds ofAmaranthus caudatus

The chemical composition of the seed lipids ofAmaranthus caudatus L. has been investigated. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The hydrocarbon components ofA. caudatus have been identified and its alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been characterized.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 797–799, November–December, 1997.     

Minor compounds of the oleoroesin of the Kamchatka, Japanese, and Siberian larches

The polyfunctional compounds of the oleoresins of three species of larch have been studied. Larixol diacetate, 3-hydroxyepimanool, and 15-oxopimara-4(14)-enoic 13-hydroxy-7-oxoabicta-8(14)-enoic, 3-hydroxysandaracopimaric, and 8,15-dihydroxyabietic acids have been isolated for the first time. The investigation performed has shown that the oleoresins of the larch contain polyfunctional compounds of various structural types. Depending on the species, their composition changes, and this fact can be used in the chemotaxonomy of larches.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 571–576, September–October, 1986.     

Carbon dioxide extract from woody verdure of the Scotch pine. Group composition and acids

The group and individual compositions of the acids of an extract from the woody verdure of Scotch pine obtained on a pilot plant have been studied. The yield of extract amounted to 4.0% on the weight of the raw material, and 88% of the extract dissolved in petroleum ether. The petroleum-ether-soluble substances of the extract contained 32.8% of free acids and 55.4% of neutral substances. The compositions of the higher fatty acids, the diterpene acids, and the bicyclic acids have been determined. Pinifolic acid and its monomethyl ester, 18-acetoxy- and 18-hydroxyanticopalic acids, an acid of the 4-epiimbricatic series, and oxo and hydroxy acids of the abietic type have been isolated and identified.S. M. Kirov Leningrad Academy of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 529–534, July–August, 1988.     

Relationships Between Fluorescence Properties of Benzoquinolines and Physicochemical Changes in the Sol–Gel–Xerogel Transitions of Silicon Alkoxide Systems

Fluorescence and excitation spectra of 3,4-, 5,6- and 7,8-benzoquinolines (BQs) dispersed in the individual sol–gel–xerogel transitions systems of silicon alkoxide have been observed as a function of the reaction time. The fluorescence spectra of excited-state species (neutral, ion-pair and protonated species) of each BQ have been obtained clearly. In the starting sol–gel systems, the fluorescence mainly originated from the neutral species of each BQ. As hydrolysis of the silicon alkoxide proceeded, an interaction between the resulting silanol group and the neutral species led to a formation of the ion-pair species in their ground state. Upon excitation, a part of the ion pair relaxed to the protonated species during the fluorescence lifetime, and the resulting excited species emitted a corresponding fluorescence. As the sol–gel reaction proceeded further, the geometrical relaxation was gradually prevented with an increase in rigidity around the BQ molecules, so that a fluorescence tended to be observed from an unrelaxed conformer of the ion pair. During the gel to xerogel transition, a part of the BQ molecules exists in relatively large spaces of pores, where water plays an important role, and slowly came to exhibit the fluorescence from the protonated species because of concentrated water in the spaces. Contributions of the three excited-state species to the total fluorescence spectra have been estimated by spectral curve fitting. Consequently, the sol–gel reaction has been resolved into four physicochemical reaction stages, which govern the fluorescence behaviors of BQs. Differences in the fluorescence behaviors among the BQ isomers reflect the acid-dissociation constants in the excited states.     

Seasonal change in the essential oil ofLarix sibirica

Information is given on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil from the woody verdure of the Siberian larch. It has been established that during the vegetation period not only does the amount of essential oil in the woody verdure of the Siberian larch change but so also does the ratio of its individual components.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 51–54, January–February, 1982.     

Structures of fersin and fersinin

Two new compounds — fersin and fersinin — have been isolated from the neutral fraction of the total extractive substances from the roots ofFerula soongorica. Their structures have been established on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 504–506, July–August, 1994.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants VII. Study of the polyssaccharides of the roots ofAllochrusa paniculata

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated from the roots ofAllochrusa paniculata. According to the results of analysis, the neutral polysaccharide found belongs to the glucoarabinogalactan type and differs from the neutral polysaccharide of the roots of A. gypsophiloides by the presence of arabinose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 549–551, July–August, 1995. Original article submitted October 24, 1994.     

Glycolipids of the woody verdure ofLarix sibirica

The compositions of the glycolipids of the main fractions of the woody verdure of the Siberian larch — needles and shoots — have been studied. The dynamics of the amounts of individual glycolipids in the course of vegetation have been established. The qualitative and quantitativae compositions of the fatty acids of the total glycolipids of the needles and shoots have been determined.Siberian Technological Institute, 660049, Krasnoyarsk, Prospekt Mira, 82. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 183–187, March–April, 1994.     

Iridoid glycosides of plants of the genusIncarvillea I. 7-0-benzoyltecomoside fromIncarvillea olgae

Aucubin and five substances of iridoid nature designated as A, B, C, D, and E have been isolated from two species of plants — Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schisk and Incarvillea olgae (Rgl.). The IR, UV, mass, PMR and¹³C NMR spectra of substance A have been studied, and an x-ray structural investigation has been made of its tetrahydro derivative. This has shown that substance A is 7-benzoyltecomoside.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 61–69, January–February, 1995. Original article submitted November 1, 1994.     

Lipids of Hibiscus cannabinus seeds

The neutral and polar lipids of kenaf seeds of the variety Uzbetskii-1574 from the 1983 crop have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of six acyl-containing classes of neutral lipids have been established for the first time. The acids in the sn-2 positions of the triacylglycerols and of the main classes of phospholipids have been determined. The main triacylglycerol species are those in which the sn-2 position is esterified by linoleic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the UzSSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 558–564, September–October, 1986.     

Terpenoids of the needles of Picea abies

The composition of the terpenoids of the neutral petroleum-ether-soluble substances from an isopropanol extract of the needles of the Norway spruce has been studied. The main components of the extractive substances are polyprenol acetates, alcohols with the labdane type of structure, and epimanool and epitorulosol. It has been shown that the terpenoids from the needles differ in composition from the extractive substances of the trunk part of the tree and those from the oleoresins of the sprucesPicea abies, P. ajanensis, andP. obovata.S. M. Kirov Leningrad Academy of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 168–176, March–April, 1986.     

Coumarins of three species of the genusHaplophyllum

The results are given of an investigation of three species of the genusHaplophyllum: H. villosum, H. kowalenskyi, andH. tenue, fromwhich five substances of coumarin nature have been isolated. Of them, two substances (I and II) have been identified as scopoletin and lomatin isovalerate, respectively, while suitable structures have been established for the new compounds tenuidin, villosin, and tenudiol. It has been shown that the coumarin composition of the plants changes with the growth site.Leningrad Sanitary-Hygienic Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 800–803, November–December, 1980.     

Composition of the acylglycerols of the woody verdure ofLarix sibirica. I

The dynamics of the levels of mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols in Siberian larch needles during the vegetation period have been determined. The composition and structure of the triacylglycerols have been studied. It has been shown that in the triacylglycerol molecules the sn-2 position is predominantly acylated by unsaturated acids.Krasnoyarsk State Technological Academy, fax (3192) 27 44 40. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–18, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted June 19, 1995.     

A study of the pectins of wild apples

Pectins have been isolated from five species of wild apples and have been characterized. They contain galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, and arabinose residues. The titrimetric indices of the substances isolated have been determined. It has been shown by IR spectroscopy the pectins isolated are extracted partially in the form of pectic acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbekistan Republic, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 355–357, May–June, 1993.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Anthocyans of some plants of Uzbekistan and the creation of food dyes from them

The chemical composition of anthocyan pigmentary substances of some plants of Uzbekistan have been studied. From the plant species investigated various flavonoids and glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin have been isolated. A method has been developed for obtaining food dyes and this has been used to organize their production.A. S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 382–385, May–June, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.     

Pigment components of Amaranthaceae

Water-soluble pigments have been isolated from the epigeal parts of some Amaranthaceae species. A method for their production has been developed and the amounts of the main coloring substances in them have been determined. Protein components have been isolated by the subsequent treatment of the residual raw material, and their amino acid compositions have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 57–59, January–February, 1998.