On the Floer homology of cotangent bundles

This paper concerns Floer homology for periodic orbits and for a Lagrangian intersection problem on the cotangent bundle T* M of a compact orientable manifold M. The first result is a new L^∞ estimate for the solutions of the Floer equation, which allows us to deal with a larger—and more natural—class of Hamiltonians. The second and main result is a new construction of the isomorphism between the Floer homology and the singular homology of the free loop space of M in the periodic case, or of the based loop space of M in the Lagrangian intersection problem. The idea for the construction of such an isomorphism is to consider a Hamiltonian that is the Legendre transform of a Lagrangian on T M and to construct an isomorphism between the Floer complex and the Morse complex of the classical Lagrangian action functional on the space of W^1,2 free or based loops on M. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Morse homology for the heat flow

We use the heat flow on the loop space of a closed Riemannian manifold—viewed as a parabolic boundary value problem for infinite cylinders—to construct an algebraic chain complex. The chain groups are generated by perturbed closed geodesics. The boundary operator is defined by counting, modulo time shift, heat flow trajectories between geodesics of Morse index difference one. By Salamon and Weber (GAFA 16:1050–138, 2006) this heat flow homology is naturally isomorphic to Floer homology of the cotangent bundle for Hamiltonians given by kinetic plus potential energy.     

Corrigendum: On the Floer Homology of Cotangent Bundles

We fix an orientation issue that appears in our previous paper about the isomorphism between Floer homology of cotangent bundles and loop space homology. When the second Stiefel‐Whitney class of the underlying manifold does not vanish on 2‐tori, this isomorphism requires the use of a twisted version of the Floer complex. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Floer homology for magnetic fields with at most linear growth on the universal cover

The Floer homology of a cotangent bundle is isomorphic to loop space homology of the underlying manifold, as proved by Abbondandolo and Schwarz, Salamon and Weber, and Viterbo. In this paper we show that in the presence of a Dirac magnetic monopole which admits a primitive with at most linear growth on the universal cover, the Floer homology in atoroidal free homotopy classes is again isomorphic to loop space homology. As a consequence we prove that for any atoroidal free homotopy class and any sufficiently small $\tau >0$, any magnetic flow associated to the Dirac magnetic monopole has a closed orbit of period τ belonging to the given free homotopy class. In the case where the Dirac magnetic monopole admits a bounded primitive on the universal cover we also prove the Conley conjecture for Hamiltonians that are quadratic at infinity, i.e., we show that such Hamiltonians have infinitely many periodic orbits.     

The homology of path spaces and Floer homology with conormal boundary conditions

We define the Floer complex for Hamiltonian orbits on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold which satisfy non-local conormal boundary conditions. We prove that the homology of this chain complex is isomorphic to the singular homology of the natural path space associated to the boundary conditions. Dedicated to Felix E. Browder     

Coherent orientation of mixed moduli spaces in Morse-Floer theory

We give the coherent orientation for the spaces of intersections of gradient trajectories and holomorphic disks in cotangent bundle. This construction provides the Piunikhin-Salamon-Schwarz isomorphism between Morse homology and Floer homology for Lagrangian intersections in cotangent bundles, with integer coefficients. This work is partially supported by Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia Project #144020.     

The Role of the Legendre Transform in the Study of the Floer Complex of Cotangent Bundles

Consider a classical Hamiltonian H on the cotangent bundle T*M of a closed orientable manifold M, and let L:TM → R be its Legendre‐dual Lagrangian. In a previous paper we constructed an isomorphism Φ from the Morse complex of the Lagrangian action functional that is associated to L to the Floer complex that is determined by H. In this paper we give an explicit construction of a homotopy inverse Ψ of Φ. Contrary to other previously defined maps going in the same direction, Ψ is an isomorphism at the chain level and preserves the action filtration. Its definition is based on counting Floer trajectories on the negative half‐cylinder that on the boundary satisfy half of the Hamilton equations. Albeit not of Lagrangian type, such a boundary condition defines Fredholm operators with good compactness properties. We also present a heuristic argument which, independently of any Fredholm and compactness analysis, explains why the spaces of maps that are used in the definition of Φ and Ψ are the natural ones. The Legendre transform plays a crucial role both in our rigorous and in our heuristic arguments. We treat with some detail the delicate issue of orientations and show that the homology of the Floer complex is isomorphic to the singular homology of the loop space of M with a system of local coefficients, which is defined by the pullback of the second Stiefel‐Whitney class of TM on 2‐tori in M.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Functors and Computations in Floer Homology with Applications, I

This paper is concerned with Floer cohomology of manifolds with contact type boundary. In this case, there is no conjecture on this ring, as opposed to the compact case, where it is isomorphic to the usual cohomology (with the quantum product). We construct two mappings in Floer cohomology and prove some functorial properties of these two mappings. The first one is a map from the Floer cohomology of M to the relative cohomology of M modulo its boundary. The other is associated to a codimension zero embedding, and may be considered as a cohomological transfer. These maps are used to define some properties of symplectic manifolds with contact type boundary. These are algebraic versions of the Weinstein conjecture, asserting existence of closed characteristics on . This is proved for many cases, Euclidean space and subcritical Stein manifolds, vector bundles, products, cotangent bundles. It is also proved that the above property implies some restrictions on Lagrangian embeddings, and also yields in certain cases, existence results for holomorphic curves bounded by the Lagrange submanifold. The last section is devoted to applications of this existence result, to real forms of Stein manifolds and obstructions to polynomial convexity in Stein manifolds. Many of our applications rely on the computation of the Floer cohomology of a cotangent bundle, that is the subject of Part II. Submitted: December 1997, revised version: February 1999.     

A cotangent fibre generates the Fukaya category

We prove that the algebra of chains on the based loop space recovers the derived (wrapped) Fukaya category of the cotangent bundle of a closed smooth oriented manifold. The main new idea is the proof that a cotangent fibre generates the Fukaya category using a version of the map from symplectic cohomology to the homology of the free loop space introduced by Cieliebak and Latschev.     

Floer–Novikov homology and applications to Lagrangian submanifolds

We use a non-Hamiltonian version of Lagrangian Floer homology to prove that an exact Lagrangian submanifold in the cotangent bundle of the 3-torus T ³ must be diffeomorphic to T ³. This improves a previous result of Fukaya, Seidel and Smith.     

Piunikhin-Salamon-Schwarz isomorphisms for Lagrangian intersections

We study the intersections of gradient trajectories and holomorphic discs with Lagrangian boundary conditions in cotangent bundles, and give a construction of Piunikhin-Salamon-Schwarz isomorphisms in Lagrangian intersections Floer homology.     

A nondisplaceable Lagrangian torus in T*S2

We show that the Lagrangian torus in the cotangent bundles of the 2‐sphere obtained by applying the geodesic flow to the unit circle in a fiber is not displaceable by computing its Lagrangian Floer homology. The computation is based on a symmetry argument. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Perturbed closed geodesics are periodic orbits: Index and transversality

We study the classical action functional ${\cal S}_V$ on the free loop space of a closed, finite dimensional Riemannian manifold M and the symplectic action on the free loop space of its cotangent bundle. The critical points of both functionals can be identified with the set of perturbed closed geodesics in M. The potential $V\in C^\infty(M\times S^1,\mathbb{R})$ serves as perturbation and we show that both functionals are Morse for generic V. In this case we prove that the Morse index of a critical point x of equals minus its Conley-Zehnder index when viewed as a critical point of and if is trivial. Otherwise a correction term +1 appears. Received: 21 May 2001; in final form: 10 October 2001 / Published online: 4 April 2002     

Morse theory for periodic solutions of hamiltonian systems and the maslov index

In this paper we prove Morse type inequalities for the contractible 1-periodic solutions of time dependent Hamiltonian differential equations on those compact symplectic manifolds M for which the symplectic form and the first Chern class of the tangent bundle vanish over π₂ (M). The proof is based on a version of infinite dimensional Morse theory which is due to Floer. The key point is an index theorem for the Fredholm operator which plays a central role in Floer homology. The index formula involves the Maslov index of nondegenerate contractible periodic solutions. This Maslov index plays the same role as the Morse index of a nondegenerate critical point does in finite dimensional Morse theory. We shall use this connection between Floer homology and Maslov index to establish the existence of infinitely many periodic solutions having integer periods provided that every 1-periodic solution has at least one Floquet multiplier which is not equal to 1.     

Lagrangian Rabinowitz Floer homology and twisted cotangent bundles

We study the following rigidity problem in symplectic geometry: can one displace a Lagrangian submanifold from a hypersurface? We relate this to the Arnold Chord Conjecture, and introduce a refined question about the existence of relative leaf-wise intersection points, which are the Lagrangian-theoretic analogue of the notion of leaf-wise intersection points defined by Moser (Acta. Math. 141(1–2):17–34, 1978). Our tool is Lagrangian Rabinowitz Floer homology, which we define first for Liouville domains and exact Lagrangian submanifolds with Legendrian boundary. We then extend this to the ‘virtually contact’ setting. By means of an Abbondandolo–Schwarz short exact sequence we compute the Lagrangian Rabinowitz Floer homology of certain regular level sets of Tonelli Hamiltonians of sufficiently high energy in twisted cotangent bundles, where the Lagrangians are conormal bundles. We deduce that in this situation a generic Hamiltonian diffeomorphism has infinitely many relative leaf-wise intersection points.     

Quantum -modules and generalized mirror transformations

In the previous paper [Hiroshi Iritani, Quantum D-modules and equivariant Floer theory for free loop spaces, Math. Z. 252 (3) (2006) 577–622], the author defined equivariant Floer cohomology for a complete intersection in a toric variety and showed that it is isomorphic to the small quantum D-module after a mirror transformation when the first Chern class c₁(M) of the tangent bundle is nef. In this paper, even when c₁(M) is not nef, we show that the equivariant Floer cohomology reconstructs the big quantum D-module under certain conditions on the ambient toric variety. The proof is based on a mirror theorem of Coates and Givental [T. Coates, A.B. Givental, Quantum Riemann — Roch, Lefschetz and Serre, Ann. of Math. (2) 165 (1) (2007) 15–53]. The reconstruction procedure here gives a generalized mirror transformation first observed by Jinzenji in low degrees [Masao Jinzenji, On the quantum cohomology rings of general type projective hypersurfaces and generalized mirror transformation, Internat. J. Modern Phys. A 15 (11) (2000) 1557–1595; Masao Jinzenji, Co-ordinate change of Gauss–Manin system and generalized mirror transformation, Internat. J. Modern Phys. A 20 (10) (2005) 2131–2156].     

A generalization of Higgs bundles to higher dimensional varieties

Let X be a smooth n-dimensional projective variety defined over and let L be a line bundle on X. In this paper we shall construct a moduli space parametrizing -cohomology L-twisted Higgs pairs, i.e., pairs where E is a vector bundle on X and . If we take , the canonical line bundle on X, the variety is canonically identified with the cotangent bundle of the smooth locus of the moduli space of stable vector bundles on X and, as such, it has a canonical symplectic structure. We prove that, in the general case, in correspondence to the choice of a non-zero section , one can define, in a natural way, a Poisson structure on . We also analyze the relations between this Poisson structure on and the canonical symplectic structure of the cotangent bundle to the smooth locus of the moduli space of parabolic bundles over X, with parabolic structure over the divisor D defined by the section s. These results generalize to the higher dimensional case similar results proved in [Bo1] in the case of curves. Received November 4, 1997; in final form May 28, 1998     

The Growth Rate of Symplectic Homology and Affine Varieties

We will show that the cotangent bundle of a manifold whose free loopspace homology grows exponentially is not symplectomorphic to any smooth affine variety. We will also show that the unit cotangent bundle of such a manifold is not Stein fillable by a Stein domain whose completion is symplectomorphic to a smooth affine variety. For instance, these results hold for end connect sums of simply connected manifolds whose cohomology with coefficients in some field has at least two generators. We use an invariant called the growth rate of symplectic homology to prove this result.     

Quantum D-modules and equivariant Floer theory for free loop spaces

The objective of this paper is to clarify the relationships between the quantum D-module and equivariant Floer theory. Equivariant Floer theory was introduced by Givental in his paper ``Homological Geometry'. He conjectured that the quantum D-module of a symplectic manifold is isomorphic to the equivariant Floer cohomology for the universal cover of the free loop space. First, motivated by the work of Guest, we formulate the notion of ``abstract quantum D-module' which generalizes the D-module defined by the small quantum cohomology algebra. Second, we define the equivariant Floer cohomology of toric complete intersections rigorously as a D-module, using Givental's model. This is shown to satisfy the axioms of abstract quantum D-module. By Givental's mirror theorem [Giv3], it follows that equivariant Floer cohomology defined here is isomorphic to the quantum cohomology D-module.     

Quantization of the Geodesic Flow on Quaternion Projective Spaces

We study a problem of the geometric quantization for the quaternionprojective space. First we explain a Kähler structure on the punctured cotangent bundleof the quaternion projective space, whose Kähler form coincides withthe natural symplectic form on the cotangent bundle and show thatthe canonical line bundle of this complex structure is holomorphicallytrivial by explicitly constructing a nowhere vanishing holomorphicglobal section. Then we construct a Hilbert space consisting of acertain class of holomorphic functions on the punctured cotangentbundle by the method ofpairing polarization and incidentally we construct an operatorfrom this Hilbert space to the L ₂ space of the quaternionprojective space. Also we construct a similar operator between thesetwo Hilbert spaces through the Hopf fiberation.We prove that these operators quantizethe geodesic flow of the quaternion projective space tothe one parameter group of the unitary Fourier integral operatorsgenerated by the square root of the Laplacian plus suitable constant.Finally we remark that the Hilbert space above has the reproducing kernel.