双束等离子体尾波加速中的束流相对能散预测

针对空泡机制中的双束等离子体尾波电子加速设计,给出了能够快速得到被加速束流在最大加速距离下的相对能散的预测公式。通过加速初始时刻束流纵向分布以及束流所处位置的纵向尾波场可得到束流最终相对能散。该预测公式不仅可应用于驱动束流与被加速束流初始能量相同的情况,还可应用于两个束流初始能量不相同的情况。由该预测公式得到的束流相对能散与被加速束流和驱动束流的初始能量的比值有关,而与两个束流初始能量的数值无关。利用准静态近似的粒子网格模拟程序QuickPIC对理论进行了模拟验证,模拟结果与理论预期结果一致。     

Corkscrew运动影响束流发射度的数值分析

在直线加速器中，始终存在束流质心轴、束流传输管道几何轴、束流聚焦传输磁场磁轴等三轴不一致问题。当束轴与磁轴存在夹角，而且束流脉冲（平顶）期间存在能量差别时，将引起束心的Corkscrew运动。斜入射的束流在轴向磁场中传输时，由于束流脉冲（平顶）期间不可避免的能量差别，导致不同时刻的束片质心螺旋运动的相位不同，在束流到达同一个位置时，不同时刻束片的质心在同一个考察点具有不同的横向位置。束心Corkscrew运动会造成很多不良后果。针对束心Corkscrew运动造成束流积分发射度的增长情况开展数值模拟研究，为采取相应的抑制措施提供参考和依据。     

非层流无碰撞模型计算LIA焦斑尺寸

 在束流轨迹方程基础上，建立了非层流无碰撞数值模拟模型，并在模型中考虑了束流空间电荷效应、发射度、能散、束心Corkscrew运动、束流横截面分布不均匀等诸多因素，编制数值模拟程序对强流相对论电子束经过磁透镜的轨迹进行了计算。计算结果表明：子束流层数一定时，焦斑直径波动在0.03 mm范围内；随子束流划分层数的不同，计算所得焦斑直径的最大不确定度为±0.05 mm，而焦距几乎不变化，其波动在0.08 cm范围内；随子束流划分层数的增加，焦斑直径计算结果是收敛的，最终收敛值约为1.03 mm。实验得到的焦距为23.2 mm，焦斑直径1.3 mm，实验结果表明焦距绝对误差在3.5 cm范围内，焦斑直径绝对误差在0.4 mm范围内。     

热阴极微波电子枪的电子反轰现象

 利用数值模拟方法研究了热阴极微波电子枪在高重复率（200Hz）时电子反轰运动以及输出束流品质与腔长的关系，并讨论了抑制电子反轰的措施。     

强流直线感应加速器束流智能调谐系统设计

 介绍了正在研究设计的调谐强流电子束束心轨迹的计算机智能系统。根据目前正在设计建造的 “神龙一号”加速器束流输运环境，为抑制束心螺旋运动，适应束输运磁场元件无散热装置，调谐过程中应尽量减少实验次数，智能调谐方法主要采用数值模拟和计算机克隆调谐和人工调谐相结合。以束心轨迹的数值模拟为基础，对束心位置调谐过程中的核心部分二极场调谐磁元件的调谐特性曲线进行了数值模拟，并与实验获得的调谐特性曲线进行了比较。获得了数值模拟和实验的初步结果。     

三维回旋自共振微波放大器的理论计算

给出了三维回旋自共振微波放大器（ＣＡＲＭ）的电于运动方程和光场演化方程，并在忽略束流空间电荷效应的前提下，编制了单模放大器程序。利用数值模拟详细考察了电子束束流质量对微波输出功率的影响，模拟结果与实验值符合得很好。     

同轴慢波结构相对论高功率微波产生器理论分析

 推导了同轴波导的空间电荷限制流,其值大于圆波导的空间电荷限制流。因此在阴极电势和束流相等的情况下,同轴波导中的束流具有更高的动能,同轴器件有可能获得更高的微波转换效率。理论推导出同轴慢波结构中考虑束流空间电荷影响的色散方程,利用Matlab进行了编程求解。不考虑束流空间电荷影响时,编程计算结果与Superfish模拟结果一致。由考虑束流空间电荷影响的色散方程数值计算结果,可知文献中提出的同轴慢波结构相对论高功率微波产生器工作在准TEM模的π模,频率为7.67 GHz,峰值时间增长率较高,电子束损失的能量与其初始能量之比为34%。这些结果均与文献中的数值模拟结果一致。同时理论分析说明该种器件无论在能量转换效率,还是在产生微波脉冲的上升时间上均具有优势。     

曙光一号自由电子激光器束调节研究

简单介绍了曙光一号自由电子激光器实验布局．着重就束调节方案进行了数值模拟和实验研究，给出了束流调试结果,并进行了分析；当进入摇摆器的束流为950A，摇摆器磁场为0.31T，在摇摆器长度为2．4m的位置,获得了50MW的饱和功率，经变参数实验后输出功率提高到140MW．     

强流直线感应加速腔微波特性

 介绍了确定不同加速间隙形状和设计结构的强流直线感应加速腔微波特性的方法,即确定频域中加速腔横向阻抗值的方法,包括数值模拟和实验测试。 横向阻抗测试实验中采用了两种测试方法:一种为同轴线束流模拟法,另一种为对加速腔形状因子的测试。实验中测试了3种不同的腔型,并和数值模拟结果进行了比较。两种横向阻抗的测试方法所得结果都与计算结果基本符合,从测试过程的繁简程度和多次实验结果的重复性来看,对于强流直线感应加速腔来说,形状因子值测试方法优于双芯同轴线束流模拟法。实验测试和数值模拟结果显示,确定直线感应加速腔横向阻抗值,测试实验和数值模拟是相辅相成的,缺一不可。     

氢原子束在大气长程传输中自剥离效应研究

氢原子束在大气传输时,束流粒子与大气粒子碰撞电离形成的大气剥离效应,以及和大气剥离产生次级粒子碰撞电离形成的自剥离效应,是造成氢原子束能量损失的重要机制。考虑到自剥离效应成因复杂,虽然目前已有一些理论方面的研究结果,但对其发生机理和对束流损失效果尚未有实验或数值模拟方面的工作,因此,通过对自剥离效应的发生机理和对束流损失的影响进行分析,进一步完善了自剥离效应理论,在通过束流传输方程验证了粒子云网格-蒙特卡罗法对氢原子束大气传输仿真模拟适用的基础上,将仿真结果与自剥离理论进行了对比,验证了自剥离效应理论的适用性。模拟结果表明,自剥离效应是由束流被大气电离产生的带电次级粒子团在地磁场的影响不停地穿越束流导致的,且自剥离效应的强弱与原子束的密度有关,束流密度越大,自剥离效应越强,对束流的影响越大。     

仿真工程管理系统研究

仿真系统中存在不同的应用目的,涉及多种仿真想定、模型、数据、评估等内容,在多用户情况下仿真资源缺乏统一的管理,会严重影响了仿真系统的使用效率。为了提升仿真系统的使用效率,本文提出一种仿真工程管理的方法,利用共享内存实时采集MOM数据实现对邦员负载信息的有效监控;通过服务器统一收集XML格式仿真联邦运行数据和监控日志实现仿真运行回放;通过构建通用模型接口和评价体系实现了基于Web的仿真评估。基于B/S架构构建了仿真工程管理系统,可将模型和数据以仿真工程为单位进行统一管理,实现了对仿真运行的统一监控、数据的统一的收集与管理、评估模型管理和基于仿真试验数据的仿真评估,从而提高仿真系统的使用效率,减少仿真应用系统的集成工作量。     

空调轿车降温特性的数值模拟与实验研究

本文通过建立与车箱体传热相耦合的轿车空调车室内三维空气流动与传热的数学模型,研究了汽车空调制冷系统和车室内空气流动的耦合特性,对空调轿车降温特性进行了动态模拟,建立了环境模拟试验台,验证了理论模型的可靠性．     

体硅、SOI及DSOI MOSFET器件级电、热分析

利用简化的半导体电学方程,数值模拟获得了各种电学参数的分布,并结合简化电阻模型,模拟了体硅、SOI及DSOI的MOSFET器件的温度场。结果表明MOSFET器件的沟道,特别是靠近漏的区域电场强度及电流密度等各项电、热特性参数在该区域变化剧烈,是最主要的热源区。     

An investigation into the noise generation of CPAP devices: Experimental and numerical study

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices are popularly used for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment. However, the noise level emission from these devices has been identified as a potential factor for patient’s discomfort and rejection. There is a need to obtain information on the noise characteristics and source locations in order to tackle the most serious noise source within these devices. A typical CPAP device was used for the investigation and its sound characteristics and sound power levels were determined. The noise generated from a centrifugal fan was also independently investigated to address its contribution to the overall noise of the device. Frequency analysis suggested that the noise generated from both the CPAP device and the fan is broadband in nature with discrete peaks containing rotational and non-rotational components. The broadband components were then studied in detail using numerical simulation approach. Computational aeroacoustics (CAA) method with hybrid approach was used to a three-dimensional (3-D) CPAP fluid model to predict the aerodynamic and aeroacoustics behaviours of the device. This showed a complicated flow structure involving flow separation, rotation, and vortices in several locations which resulted in high level of flow turbulence inside the device. The turbulent components were used to estimate the broadband noise level at source using the broadband noise source (BNS) models. It shows the most critical location is at the fan region and at the fan inlet.     

Application of stochastic computer simulation to a solution of a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation governing bacteria chemotaxis

A stochastic computer simulation technique has been used to solve a one-dimensional time-dependent Fokker-Planck (F-P) equation governing spacetime distribution of bacteria in a substrate (food) gradient. Because of consumption of the substrate by the bacteria the F-P equation becomes nonlinear due to coupling of the distribution with the self-generated substrate gradient. The simulation is efficient and numerically accurate for generating transient solutions. We are able not only to produce a transient solution displaying approach to the steady state solitary wave solution known from an analytical result of Keller and Segal but also to show an interesting dependence of the solitary wave propagation speed on the concentration dependence of the substrate consumption rate.     

Plasma-neutral elastic collisions in monte carlo computational models

Summary Implementation of the elastic scattering event between plasma and neutral particles in a Monte Carlo computational model of the plasma edge in advanced fusion devices is discussed. In the framework of the classical theory of binary collisions, some kind of approximation is required to define elastic-scattering cross-sections between neutral particles and plasma ions because of the long range of this interaction. By assuming certain field forces and neglecting their effect beyond a certain distance, approximate cross-sections are computed and fitting formulae derived for protons interacting with helium. A Monte Carlo scheme for the simulation of this collision is given, essentially based on a random choice of the impact parameter. Relevant effects due to this reaction have been numerically detected in realistic and complex cases.

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Riassunto Per definire le sezioni d’urto dello scattering elastico tra particelle neutre e ioni di un plasma nell’ambito della teoria classica dell’urto binario, è necessario introdurre delle approssimazioni a causa del lungo raggio d’azione di questa interazione. Assumendo un particolare campo di forze e trascurando il suo effetto oltre una certa distanza tra le particelle interagenti, si calcolano qui delle sezioni d’urto approssimate e si danno formule d’interpolazione per protoni collidenti con atomi di elio. Si descrive inoltre uno schema di simulazione Montecarlo della reazione, basato essenzialmente sulla scelta casuale del parametro d’urto. Lo studio è eseguito per energie sotto 20 eV, un intervallo importante nella fisica del controllo delle impurezze per macchine a fusione confinate magneticamente.

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Реюме Обсуждается описание спбытий упругого рассеяния частиц плазмы на нейтральных частицах в рамках компьютерной модели Монте-Карло для ограниченной плазы в современных устройствах для синтеза. В рамках классической тории бинарных соударений требуется определенные аппроксимации для получения поперечных сечений упругого рассеянир ионов плазмы на нейтральных частицах, вследствие длиннодействующего характера взаимодействия. Предполагая некоторые полевые силы и ренебрегая их влиянием на опедленных расстояниях, вычисляются приближенные поперечные сечения, которые соответствуют формулам, выведенным для протонов, взаимодействтвующих с гелием. Предлагается схема Монте-Карло для моделрования этих соударений, которая оснвана на случайном выворе прицедьного рараметра. Соответстствующие эффекя, обусловленняе этой реацией, численно детектируются в реалических и более сложных случаях.

     

实验教学中的计算机仿真系统

阐述了实验教学中计算机仿真系统的基本内容、结构、特点、实现原理及其推广应用价值     

制冷系统模拟仿真技术的应用与发展

文中对仿真技术在制冷系统领域的发展现状进行了综述,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

C波段相对论速调管放大器3维整管模拟研究

 建立了带输入、输出波导结构的C波段相对论速调管放大器3维整管模型,利用3维软件对其高频特性进行了数值计算研究,对整管结构进行了优化设计。并用3维PIC程序对电子束经过输入腔后的束流调制、注入微波的吸收情况、中间腔对束流的调制以及输出腔后微波提取情况进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明：输入腔与微波注入波导匹配较好,注入微波能被电子束和谐振腔很好吸收,在输入腔间隙后20 cm处得到了11%的基波电流调制深度;在中间腔后15 cm处得到了约76%的基波电流调制深度;在中间腔后电流调制最强处加上输出腔,提取到800 MW的输出微波,效率26%。     

Constrained large-eddy simulation of separated flow in a channel with streamwise-periodic constrictions

Constrained large-eddy simulation (CLES) method has been recently developed by Chen and his colleagues for simulating attached and detached wall-bounded turbulent flows. In CLES, the whole domain is simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES) while a Reynolds stress constraint is enforced on the subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model for near wall regions. In this paper, CLES is used to simulate the separated flow in a channel with streamwise-periodic constrictions at Re = 10,595. The results of CLES are compared with those of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, LES, detached eddy simulation (DES) and previous LES results by Breuer et al. and Ziefle et al. Although a coarse grid is used, our results from the present LES, DES and CLES do not show large deviations from the reference results using much finer grid resolution. The comparison also shows that CLES performs the best among different turbulence models tested, demonstrating that the CLES provides an excellent alternative model for separated flows. Furthermore, the cross-comparisons among different CLES implementations have been carried out. Our simulation results are in favor of using the constraint from algebraic RANS model or solving the RANS model equations in the whole domain with a length scale modification according to the idea from DES.