硫基离子液体电解质拓宽量子点敏化太阳能电池的应用温度范围

制备了1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑硫离子液体电解质,并应用在量子点敏化太阳能电池中。通过优化S和Na₂S的浓度,电解质的电导率在25℃下达到了12.96 mS·cm^-1。差示扫描量热法分析表明离子液体电解质的玻璃化转变温度为-85℃。采用该电解质的量子点敏化太阳能电池在25℃下达到了3.03%的光电转化效率(η),与采用水基电解质的电池的效率3.34%接近。由于本文中的离子液体电解质具有低玻璃化转变温度和不易挥发的优点,采用离子液体电解质的量子点敏化太阳能电池在-20℃ (η=2.32%)及80℃ (η=1.90%)的温度下表现出了比水基电解质优异的光电转化性能。     

高活性硫化铅电极的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极.通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件.以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池.光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能.与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因.     

高活性硫化铅电极的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极. 通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件. 以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO₂纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池. 光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能. 与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性. 通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因.     

CulnS2量子点敏化太阳能电池中尺寸依赖的电子注入和光电性质

研究了CulnS2(CIS)量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs)的电子注入和器件性能与粒子尺寸之间的依赖关系.首先合成了不同尺寸的CulnS2量子点(QDs),制备了CulnS2量子点敏化的TiO2薄膜,并组装了量子点敏化太阳能电池.通过循环伏安法确定了CulnS2量子点的能级位置.采用时间分辨荧光光谱分析测量了CulnS2量子点到TiO2薄膜的电子转移速率和效率.结果发现,随着粒子尺寸从4.0 nm减小到2.5nm,电子注入速率略微增加而电子注入效率减小,同时量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压基本不变,而光电转换效率、短路电流和填充因子(FF)均减小.上述研究结果表明量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的优化可以通过改变量子点的尺寸来实现.     

CuInS_2量子点敏化太阳能电池中尺寸依赖的电子注入和光电性质

研究了CuInS2(CIS)量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs)的电子注入和器件性能与粒子尺寸之间的依赖关系.首先合成了不同尺寸的CuInS2量子点(QDs),制备了CuInS2量子点敏化的TiO2薄膜,并组装了量子点敏化太阳能电池.通过循环伏安法确定了CuInS2量子点的能级位置.采用时间分辨荧光光谱分析测量了CuInS2量子点到TiO2薄膜的电子转移速率和效率.结果发现,随着粒子尺寸从4.0 nm减小到2.5 nm,电子注入速率略微增加而电子注入效率减小,同时量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压基本不变,而光电转换效率、短路电流和填充因子(FF)均减小.上述研究结果表明量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的优化可以通过改变量子点的尺寸来实现.     

三种CuS对电极的制备及其对量子点敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

近几年,量子点敏化太阳能电池因其具有低成本、易合成、高的光电转换效率等优点而广受关注. 半导体金属硫化物具有良好的物理和化学性质,被广泛应用于各个领域,其中,铜硫化物凭借其优异的电化学催化活性,而成为量子点敏化太阳能电池良好的对电极材料. 本文通过3种不同的方法在FTO表面生长CuS纳米阵列（依次记为CuS-1、CuS-2、CuS-3）,并对样品进行晶相表征、表面形貌分析、电化学性能测试以及相应量子点敏化太阳能电池器件组装,最终发现CuS-3样品具有最优的光电性能.     

双面进光太阳能电池透明对电极研究进展

近年来,太阳能电池（包括染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池）因其成本低、质量轻、效率高受到研究人员的广泛关注.双面进光太阳能电池是太阳光能通过光阳极以及透明对电极同时入射的器件,是近年来扩宽太阳能电池光利用率及能效以达到提高器件光电性能的主要手段,其中透明对电极的性能直接影响器件的背面进光效率,因此研究对电极对提高双面进光太阳能电池光电转化效率十分必要.本文针对传统对电极透光性低,成本高,光利用率低等问题,与双面进光的高光电转换效率以及低成本等特点对比,综合分析了透明对电极材料的选择及界面修饰改性等对双面进光染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响及其应用前景.     

制备条件对Cu2S光阴极性能的影响

制备了Cu2S纳米材料,研究了制备条件对Cu2S形貌及催化多硫离子还原性能的影响,并将最优条件下制备的Cu2S作为光阴极应用在量子点敏化太阳能电池上.在Cu2S的制作过程中,盐酸对铜片的预处理及铜片和多硫化钠溶液的反应是影响Cu2S性能的两个重要过程.研究结果表明:得到的Cu2S为纳米片组成的花瓣状结构,且随着盐酸浓度的增大和处理时间的延长,表面逐渐变得粗糙和多孔,这有利于增加其表面积,因此Cu2S和多硫电解质之间的界面电荷转移电阻逐渐减小.另外,铜和多硫化钠溶液反应生成Cu2S是一个非常快的过程,反应时间不宜过长,否则Cu2S膜会断裂.在保证Cu2S具有良好催化性能的前提下优化得到的最经济省时的制备条件是:盐酸的浓度为30%,预处理时间为40min,和多硫化钠反应的时间为10s.用此条件下制备的Cu2S作为光阴极组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池达到了4.01%高的光电转化效率.     

CuInS2量子点敏化太阳能电池中尺寸依赖的电子注入和光电性质

研究了CuInS₂（CIS）量子点敏化太阳能电池（QDSSCs）的电子注入和器件性能与粒子尺寸之间的依赖关系. 首先合成了不同尺寸的CuInS₂量子点（QDs）,制备了CuInS₂量子点敏化的TiO₂薄膜,并组装了量子点敏化太阳能电池. 通过循环伏安法确定了CuInS₂量子点的能级位置. 采用时间分辨荧光光谱分析测量了CuInS₂量子点到TiO₂薄膜的电子转移速率和效率. 结果发现,随着粒子尺寸从4.0 nm减小到2.5 nm,电子注入速率略微增加而电子注入效率减小,同时量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压基本不变,而光电转换效率、短路电流和填充因子（FF）均减小. 上述研究结果表明量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的优化可以通过改变量子点的尺寸来实现.     

量子点敏化太阳能电池研究进展

量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)因其制备成本低、工艺简单及量子点(QDs)本身的优异性能(如尺寸效应、多激子效应)等优点,近年来受到广泛关注。在此类电池中,无机半导体量子点敏化剂作为吸光材料,其自身的光电性质、制备方法、表面缺陷、化学稳定性及其在TiO₂光阳极上的敏化方法等是影响电池性能的关键。本文综述了无机半导体量子点敏化剂(包括窄带隙二元量子点、多元合金量子点及Type-Ⅱ核壳量子点)的最新研究进展,重点介绍了胶体量子点的制备方法;分类阐释了量子点在TiO₂光阳极表面的沉积与敏化方法,特别是双官能团辅助自组装吸附法;总结了针对提高电子注入效率和减少复合的量子点表面修饰方法;最后简要介绍了QDSCs的电解质和对电极的研究进展。     

Synergistic effect of ZnS outer layers and electrolyte methanol content on efficiency in TiO(2)/CdS/CdSe sensitized solar cells

The effect of methanol content in water based polysulfide electrolytes in TiO(2)/CdS/CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) prepared by the SILAR method was studied. In addition, the effect of coating the mesoporous QD sensitized films with ZnS outer layers was investigated. Charge recombination reactions were measured using time resolved spectroscopic measurements. These studies reveal a synergistically beneficial effect from using ZnS layers and methanol in the polysulfide electrolyte on the control of charge transfer processes within these devices and ultimately on overall cell performance.     

Incorporation of graphene in quantum dot sensitized solar cells based on ZnO nanorods

We demonstrate a novel architecture of solar cell by incorporating graphene thin film in a quantum dot sensitized solar cell. Quantum dot sensitized nanorods with a graphene layer exhibited a 54.7% improvement comparing a quantum dot sensitized ZnO nanorods without graphene layer. A fill factor as high as ～62% was also obtained.     

Characterization and Polymerization of Thienylphenyl and Selenylphenyl Amines and Their Interaction with CdSe Quantum Dots

Hybrid quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells show promising novel optoelectronic properties. An adequate design of such cells requires a deep understanding of the characteristics of each component, including their interactions. In this context, the electrochemical properties of two different hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) and their chemical interactions with trioctylphosphine‐capped CdSe quantum dots are investigated to evaluate their potential use in hybrid quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells. Tris[4‐(thien‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (TTPA) and tris[4‐(selen‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (TSePA) are studied in the solid state as thin films deposited on a conducting substrate. Spectroelectrochemical studies evidence both solid‐state electropolymerization and doping. Upon addition of TSePA or partially polymerized TTPA to a colloidal solution of trioctylphosphine‐capped CdSe quantum dots, the steady‐state photoluminescence is quenched. This suggests that the quantum dots and the HTM strongly interact, probably through an excited‐state charge‐transfer mechanism. The combination of all these pieces of information indicates that polymerized TTPA and TSePA are potential candidates as HTMs for hybrid quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells.     

Light conversion efficiency of flower like structure TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin film solar cells

Flower like structure TiO₂ thin films have been grown onto ITO coated glass substrates by sol–gel method. TiO₂ nano flowers have been sensitized using CdS quantum dots prepared using simple precursors by chemical method. The assembly of CdS quantum dots with TiO₂ nano flower has been used as photo-electrode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells. The surface morphology has been studied using scanning electron microscope; it shows that the film exhibits flower like structure. The absorption spectra reveals that the absorption edge of CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nano flower shifts towards longer wavelength side when compared to the absorption edge of TiO₂ nano flower. The efficiency of the fabricated CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nano flower based solar cell is 0.66%.     

The performance of coupled (CdS:CdSe) quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 nanofibrous solar cells

Highly porous networks and reduced grain boundaries with one-dimensional (1-D) nanofibrous morphology offer enhanced charge transport in solar cells applications. Quantum dot (QDs) decorated TiO₂ nanofibrous electrodes, unlike organic dye sensitizers, can yield multiple carrier generations due to the quantum confinement effect. This paper describes the first attempt to combine these two novel approaches, in which CdS (～18 nm) and CdSe (～8 nm) QDs are sensitized onto electrospun TiO₂ nanofibrous (diameter ～80–100 nm) electrodes. The photovoltaic performances of single (CdS and CdSe) and coupled (CdS/CdSe) QDs-sensitized TiO₂ fibrous electrodes are demonstrated in sandwich-type solar cells using polysulfide electrolyte. The observed difficulties in charge injection and lesser spectral coverage of single QDs-sensitizers are solved by coupling (CdS:CdSe) two QDs-sensitizers, resulting in a enhanced open-circuit voltage (0.64 V) with 2.69% efficiency. These results suggest the versatility of fibrous electrodes in QDs-sensitized solar cell applications.     

Easily manufactured TiO2 hollow fibers for quantum dot sensitized solar cells

TiO(2) hollow fibers with high surface area were manufactured by a simple synthesis method, using natural cellulose fibers as template. The effective light scattering properties of the hollow fibers, originating from their micron size, were observed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In spite of the micrometric length of the TiO(2) hollow fibers, the walls were highly porous and high surface area (78.2 m(2) g(-1)) was obtained by the BET method. TiO(2) hollow fibers alone and mixed with other TiO(2) pastes were sensitized with CdSe quantum dots (QDs) by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) and integrated as a photoanode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). High power conversion efficiency was obtained, 3.24% (V(oc) = 503 mV, J(sc) = 11.92 mA cm(-2), FF = 0.54), and a clear correspondence of the cell performance with the photoanode structure was observed. The unique properties of these fibers: high surface area, effective light scattering, hollow structure to facile electrolyte diffusion and the rather high efficiencies obtained here suggest that hollow fibers can be introduced as promising nanostructures to make highly efficient quantum dot sensitized solar cells.     

Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell: Photoanodes,Counter Electrodes,and Electrolytes

In this study, we provide the reader with an overview of quantum dot application in solar cells to replace dye molecules, where the quantum dots play a key role in photon absorption and excited charge generation in the device. The brief shows the types of quantum dot sensitized solar cells and presents the obtained results of them for each type of cell, and provides the advantages and disadvantages. Lastly, methods are proposed to improve the efficiency performance in the next researching.