室温离子液体在聚合反应中的应用

室温离子液体作为一种环境友好的“绿色溶剂”,具有很多独特的物理化学性能,可以应用于自由基聚合、阳离子聚合、配位聚合、电化学聚合等反应体系。本文介绍了室温离子液体在上述反应中的应用。     

室温离子液体中的聚合反应

综述了近年来在室温离子液体中聚合反应的研究进展,特别是在配位聚合、自由基聚合、离子聚合及共聚反应,活性自由基聚合,电化学聚合等方面的进展情况;还介绍了离子液体在高分子材料方面的应用情况,展望了离子液体在该领域的应用前景.     

室温离子液体在分离科学研究中的新进展

室温离子液体作为一种重要的绿色溶剂,由于在金属离子、小分子有机物的萃取分离,气体吸附分离以及作为液相和气相色谱固定相等许多分离过程中体现出高分离效率和高选择性的特点,正在成为分离科学研究的前沿领域.着重总结了从2003—2006年的室温离子液体在分离科学领域中的新进展,并对其应用领域和发展前景做了展望.提出进一步加强离子液体的功能化和固定化技术及其在分离科学中的应用基础研究,探索离子液体有效的回收和再循环利用的新方法,是离子液体今后在分离科学研究中的一系列重要内容.     

室温离子液体在过渡金属催化反应中的应用研究进展

室温离子液体(RTILs)是在室温或近于室温下呈液态的由离子构成的盐类．如图1所示，RTILs按阳离子类型可以分为4类：烷基季铵盐离子；烷基季鳞盐离子；N，N-二烷基咪唑离子和N-烷基吡啶离子．按阴离子可分为：氯化盐 AlX3(X=卤素)和含有RF1^-,PF6^-等阴离子的离子液体．     

室温离子液体及其在催化和有机合成中的应用

介绍了室温离子液体的制备、性质及其在催化和有机反应中的应用。     

室温离子液体溶解和分离木质纤维素*

作为世界上最丰富的生物质资源,木质纤维素是生产清洁能源和精细化工品的天然原料。室温离子液体是近年来出现的一类绿色材料,对溶解和分离木质纤维素具有广阔的应用前景。本文在介绍木质素、纤维素、半纤维素和相关室温离子液体的组成与结构的基础上,综述了室温离子液体在溶解、分离木质纤维素方面的研究进展。根据目前所报道的研究结果,总结了不同离子液体对木质素、纤维素、半纤维素的溶解作用以及对木质纤维素的分离性能,分析了离子液体的结构与其溶解性能的关系,讨论了可能的溶解机理。最后提出了这一领域存在的问题,并对其未来的发展作了展望。     

室温离子液体在分离分析中的应用

室温离子液体是指室温或接近室温下全部由离子组成的有机液体物质,具有不挥发,不易燃,溶解范围大,对空气和热稳定等特点,作为一种“可设计”型的环境相对友好溶剂,已被成功应用于分离分析领域中。本文重点综述了离子液体近年来在毛细管电泳、液相色谱及气相色谱中的应用进展,也对离子液体在质谱和光谱中的应用作了介绍。     

细菌纤维素在室温离子液体中的溶解性能

研究了细菌纤维素(BC)在绿色溶剂1-烯丙基-3-甲基氯代咪唑室温离子液体中的溶解行为,通过偏光显微镜观察了BC在此离子液体中的溶解过程,热失重(TGA)和红外光谱(FT-IR)测试了再生前后BC的性能,探索了BC在离子液体中溶解、再生的可能性和可行性.结果表明:离子液体是BC的优良溶剂,对BC的溶解属于直接溶解,不发生其他的衍生化反应;再生后BC的热稳定性变好,且离子液体可回收利用.     

烯类单体在室温离子液体中的自由基聚合反应研究进展

介绍了室温离子液体在烯类单体自由基聚合反应中的主要应用,结合国内外研究现状和作者实际工作中的体会,提出了对今后发展趋势的看法。     

室温离子液体在色谱分离中的应用进展

室温离子液体作为21世纪的新型溶剂,近几年在分析领域应用广泛.本文重点综述了离子液体在气相色谱、液相色谱、毛细管电泳及薄层色谱等方面的应用进展,并对其在色谱分离中的研究进行了展望.     

Abrasive Stripping Voltammetry in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

We report on the abrasive stripping voltammetry (AbrSV) of six different solid compounds of widely different natures in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Copper as a metal representative, Prussian blue as a typical inorganic complex, indigo as an organic dye model, and anthracene, pyrene, and 9,10‐diphenylanthracene as the typical representatives of aromatic hydrocarbons were chosen in this study. They were immobilized on a gold electrode surface by mechanical abrasion and their subsequent voltammetric measurements were carried out in the ionic liquid [C₄mim][NTf₂], 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The present work demonstrates that RTILs provide an excellent electrochemical solvent environment for abrasive stripping voltammetric analysis; in particular, the much wider potential windows in RTILs as compared to aqueous media greatly enhance the analytical applicability of the AbrSV technique.     

离子液体在萃取分离中的应用研究进展

室温离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂,具有液程宽、几乎不挥发、溶解能力强及结构可调等独特的物理化学性质,近年来逐渐被人们认识了解,它在各个领域的应用也得到了初步的发展.本文重点概述了离子液体在萃取分离金属离子方面的研究进展,并对离子液体萃取分离有机物和生物分子的研究作了简要介绍.引用文献54篇.     

Understanding the Photoexcitation of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

Photoexcitation of (neat) room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) leads to the observation of transient species that are reminiscent of the composition of the RTILs themselves. In this minireview, we summarize state-of-the-art in the understanding of the underlying elementary processes. By varying the anion or cation, one aim is to generally predict radiation-induced chemistry and physics of RTILs. One major task is to address the fate of excess electrons (and holes) after photoexcitation, which implies an overview of various formation mechanisms considering structural and dynamical aspects. Therefore, transient studies on time scales from femtoseconds to microseconds can greatly help to elucidate the most relevant steps after photoexcitation. Sometimes, radiation may eventually result in destruction of the RTILs making photostability another important issue to be discussed. Finally, characteristic heterogeneities can be associated with specific physicochemical properties. Influencing these properties by adding conventional solvents, like water, can open a wide field of application, which is briefly summarized.     

室温离子液体反应介质中叔丁醇氢酯基化反应的研究

反应温度为100～140 ℃，CO初始压力为2～6 MPa条件下，研究了室温离子液 体与过渡金属三苯基膦配合物构成的催化反应体系中，叔丁醇与乙醇的氢酯基化反 应。同有机溶剂作为反应介质相比，室温离子液体中具有更好的催化活性，并且叔 丁醇可经羰化反应直接生成特戊酸乙酯，产物与催化体系不溶，可以容易地实现分 离。详细考察了金属配合物、离子液体、温度、压力与时间的不同对反应的影响。     

Substitution Reactions by Azide and Thiocyanide Anions in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

Conducted in the ionic liquids,activated and inactivated halides,acyl chlorides,tosylate and bezotriazolyl acylates were converted to corresponding azide and thiocyanide compounds in high yields under mild conditions.     

The Mediated Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

The detection of H₂S was studied using several mediators in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) at a microelectrode. Each mediator was characterised voltammetrically, and H₂S was added to observe if any mediation took place. A successful mediator was 3,5‐tert‐butyl‐obenzoquinone. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out in [C₂mim][NTf2]. A reductive wave was observed and attributed to the two‐electron reduction of the mediator. No oxidative signal was observed. H₂S was flowed through the system. Cyclic voltammograms showed a decrease in the reductive wave of the mediator and the onset of an oxidative signal due to the reaction between the mediator and H₂S to form an adduct. This reaction is reversible and on purging the system with N₂, the original reductive signal of the mediator was recovered.