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1.
Besenius P Cormack PA Liu J Otto S Sanders JK Sherrington DC 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2008,14(29):9006-9019
The thermodynamically controlled synthesis and isolation of macrocyclic receptors from dynamic combinatorial libraries has been achieved in a single step using a polymer-supported template. The templates were cinchona alkaloids which show interesting enantio- and diastereoselective molecular recognition events in libraries based on pseudo-dipeptide building blocks. The synthetic routes used to derivatise the alkaloids and attach them to polymer supports minimised any influence of the tethering linkage on the templating activity. Systematic studies have been carried out to probe how the polymer morphology and the template loading affect the selectivity and isolation yield of the macrocyclic receptors. Molecular recognition between solid-phase bound templates and selected receptors also enabled their affinity-type chromatographic separation. 相似文献
2.
Using simple computer simulations of model dynamic combinatorial libraries, we show that the best binders can be amplified to useful concentrations in libraries containing 10-10(6) compounds. [structure: see text] 相似文献
3.
Localized Template‐Driven Functionalization of Nanoparticles by Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry
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Piotr Nowak Dr. Vittorio Saggiomo Dr. Fatemeh Salehian Mathieu Colomb‐Delsuc Dr. Yang Han Prof. Dr. Sijbren Otto 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(14):4192-4197
We have developed a method for the localized functionalization of gold nanoparticles using imine‐based dynamic combinatorial chemistry. By using DNA templates, amines were grafted on the aldehyde‐functionalized nanoparticles only if and where the nanoparticles interacted with the template molecules. Functionalization of the nanoparticles was controlled solely by the DNA template; only amines capable of interacting with DNA were bound to the surface. Interestingly, even though our libraries contained only a handful of simple amines, the DNA sequence influenced their attachment to the surface. Our method opens up new opportunities for the synthesis of multivalent, nanoparticle‐based receptors for biomacromolecules. 相似文献
4.
Mlissa Dumartin Jean Septavaux Marion Donnier-Marchal Emeric Jeamet Elise Dumont Florent Perret Laurent Vial Julien Leclaire 《Chemical science》2020,11(31):8151
During the last two decades, disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial chemistry has been extensively used in the field of molecular recognition to deliver artificial receptors for molecules of biological interest. Commonly, the nature of library members and their relative amounts are provided from HPLC-MS analysis of the libraries, allowing the identification of potential binders for a target (bio)molecule. By re-investigating dynamic combinatorial libraries generated from a simple 2,5-dicarboxy-1,4-dithiophenol building block in water, we herein demonstrated that multiple analytical tools were actually necessary in order to comprehensively describe the libraries in terms of size, stereochemistry, affinity, selectivity, and finally to get a true grasp on the different phenomena at work within dynamic combinatorial systems.We show that multiple analytical tools are necessary in order to describe the different phenomena within disulfide-based dynamic combinatorial libraries in terms of size, stereochemistry, affinity and selectivity. 相似文献
5.
Combinatorial chemistry is a tool for selecting molecules with special properties. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry started off aiming to be just that. However, unlike ordinary combinatorial chemistry, the interconnectedness of dynamic libraries gives them an extra dimension. An understanding of these molecular networks at systems level is essential for their use as a selection tool and creates exciting new opportunities in systems chemistry. In this feature article we discuss selected examples and considerations related to the advanced exploitation of dynamic combinatorial libraries for their originally conceived purpose of identifying strong binding interactions. Also reviewed are examples illustrating a trend towards increasing complexity in terms of network behaviour and reversible chemistry. Finally, new applications of dynamic combinatorial chemistry in self-assembly, transport and self-replication are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Lead finding strategies in pharmaceutical research comprise structure-based drug design as well as screening efforts of natural product pools or large chemical libraries. In this context we propose a combined approach by utilizing natural product-derived structure information on receptor- or enzyme-complementarity for designing unique core structures that can be employed as privileged template molecules underlying combinatorial libraries. A set of rules for the transformation of molecular frameworks from natural products to structurally defined peptidomimetics is introduced. Special emphasis is laid on the correspondence in the orientational properties and functionalization patterns between natural products and regular protein secondary structures. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Benjamin Zagiel Dr. Taleen Peker Dr. Rodrigue Marquant Guillaume Cazals Gabrielle Webb Dr. Emeric Miclet Dr. Claudia Bich Dr. Emmanuelle Sachon Dr. Roba Moumné 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(36):e202200454
An efficient strategy for the synthesis of large libraries of conformationally defined peptides is reported, using dynamic combinatorial chemistry as a tool to graft amino acid side chains on a well-ordered 3D (3-dimension) peptide backbone. Combining rationally designed scaffolds with combinatorial side chains selection represents an alternative method to access peptide libraries for structures that are not genetically encodable. This method would allow a breakthrough for the discovery of protein mimetic for unconventional targets for which little is known. 相似文献
8.
Cheeseman JD Corbett AD Gleason JL Kazlauskas RJ 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(6):1708-1716
Current drug discovery using combinatorial chemistry involves synthesis followed by screening, but emerging methods involve receptor-assistance to combine these steps. Adding stoichiometric amounts of receptor during library synthesis alters the kinetics or thermodynamics of the synthesis in a way that identifies the best-binding library members. Three main methods have emerged thus far in receptor-assisted combinatorial chemistry: dynamic combinatorial libraries, receptor-accelerated synthesis, and a new method, pseudo-dynamic libraries. Pseudo-dynamic libraries apply both thermodynamics and kinetics to amplify library members to easily observable levels, and attain selectivity heretofore unseen in receptor-assisted systems. 相似文献
9.
A novel furan based scaffold 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has been identified for the generation of combinatorial libraries using template directed approach on solid phase. This scaffold has been utilized to afford furan-based bi-heterocyclic structures with extensive chemical diversity using cycloaddition, multicomponent and cyclization reactions. 相似文献
10.
Baggiani C Giovannoli C Anfossi L Passini C Baravalle P Giraudi G 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(3):1513-1518
In the current paradigm for molecular imprinting, the imprinted binding sites exist as a consequence of the polymerization process around templates, and the properties of nonimprinted polymers (NIPs) have largely been overlooked. Thus, nothing can be affirmed a priori concerning the binding properties of NIPs. We propose an alternative view where the imprinting effect is due to the presence of a template molecule that enhances the pre-existing binding properties of a polymer. If a NIP shows no binding properties toward a target molecule, the corresponding imprinted polymer (MIP) will show a weak imprinting effect. On the other hand, if a NIP shows binding properties toward a target molecule, the corresponding MIP will show a significant imprinting effect. To verify this hypothesis, we prepared a 96-member combinatorial polymeric library in the absence of any template molecule. This library was screened for several potential ligands, and with no exceptions, the composition of the best-binding NIP produced a MIP with excellent binding properties, whereas a low-binding NIP formulation produced a MIP with comparable low binding. To validate these results, the binding properties toward naproxen and ibuprofen were measured for two combinatorial libraries of polymers prepared in the presence (MIP library) and the absence (NIP library) of the template molecule. The experiment's results showed a correlation between the apparent affinity constants measured for the NIP and MIP libraries, confirming the proposed hypothesis. Moreover, for closely related molecules, it was shown that binding selectivity is an emergent property derived from the imprinting process and not a property of NIPs. 相似文献
11.
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry is based on the reversible combination of initial building blocks to form dynamic combinatorial libraries. It has recently emerged as an efficient strategy to detect and to evaluate affinity between the library products and a target molecule. In this review, examples from various fields of chemistry and biochemistry are presented and extensively discussed. The last section deals with the practical aspects for implementing this approach. 相似文献
12.
Koesdjojo MT Rasmussen HT Fermier AM Patel P Remcho VT 《Journal of combinatorial chemistry》2007,9(6):929-934
A method for synthesis and evaluation of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on a semiautomated miniature scale is reported. This technique combines molecular imprinting with the combinatorial chemistry approach, allowing rapid screening and optimizations of libraries of MIPs. The polymers were prepared and evaluated in situ by rebinding utilizing powder dispensing and liquid handling systems. MIPs were prepared by a combinatorial approach using methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP), acrylamide, and styrene as functional monomers, and acetonitrile and toluene as porogenic solvents. A drug substance having aromatic, hydroxyl, -O-CONH2 functional groups was selected as the template molecule for this study. The MIP library results demonstrated that the polymer prepared with MAA as functional monomer shows the strongest binding affinity, and therefore, is preferred for the preparation of this particular template molecule. Due to the low consumption of reagents, and more importantly, the demonstrated ability of this method to effectively identify optimal imprinting conditions, this small-scale combinatorial protocol is well suited for fast and efficient screening and optimizations of MIPs. 相似文献
13.
Three building blocks of general structure (MeO)2 CH-aromatic linker-Pro-amino acid-NHNH2 have been prepared and tested in acid-catalysed dynamic combinatorial libraries. Exposure of these libraries to LiI and NaI led to the amplification of three macrocyclic pseudopeptide receptors. The receptors were isolated and their interactions with LiI and NaI were analysed using NMR, IR and ITC. Binding of the metal ions to the receptors is invariably entropy-driven. Nevertheless, all receptors were found to be flexible with substantial conformational rearrangements accompanying guest binding. This type of receptor is extremely difficult to access through rational design and the fact that dynamic combinatorial chemistry allows facile access to these challenging molecules underlines the power of the dynamic approach. 相似文献
14.
Dr. Dennis Larsen Prof. Dr. Sophie R. Beeren 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(48):11032-11038
Enzyme-mediated dynamic combinatorial chemistry combines the concept of thermodynamically controlled covalent self-assembly with the inherent biological relevance of enzymatic transformations. A system of interconverting cyclodextrins has been explored, in which the glycosidic linkage is rendered dynamic by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase). External factors, such as pH, temperature, solvent, and salinity are reported to modulate the composition of the dynamic cyclodextrin library. Dynamic libraries of cyclodextrins (CDs) could be obtained in wide ranges of pH (5.0–9.0), temperature (5–37 °C), and salinity (up to 7.5 m NaNO3), and with high organic solvent content (50 % by volume of ethanol), showing that enzyme-mediated dynamic systems can be robust and not limited to physiological conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how strategic choice of reaction conditions can enhance template effects, in this case, to achieve highly selective production of α-CD, an otherwise challenging target due to competition from the structurally similar β-CD. 相似文献
15.
Shi B Stevenson R Campopiano DJ Greaney MF 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2006,128(26):8459-8467
Protein-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) relies on reversible chemical reactions that can function under the near-physiological conditions required by the biological target. Few classes of reaction have so far proven effective at generating dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) under such constraints. In this study, we establish the conjugate addition of thiols to enones as a reaction well-suited for the synthesis of dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) directed by the active site of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST). The reaction is fast, freely reversible at basic pH, and easily interfaced with the protein, which is a target for the design of inhibitors in cancer therapy and the treatment of parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis. We have synthesized DCLs based on glutathione (GSH, 1) and the enone ethacrynic acid, 2a. By varying either set of components, we can choose to probe either the GSH binding region ("G site") or the adjacent hydrophobic acceptor binding region ("H site") of the GST active site. In both cases the strongest binding DCL components are identified due to molecular amplification by GST which, in the latter system, leads to the identification of two new inhibitors for the GST enzyme. 相似文献
16.
Kerckhoffs JM Mateos-Timoneda MA Reinhoudt DN Crego-Calama M 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2007,13(8):2377-2385
This article describes two different types of dynamic combinatorial libraries of host and guest molecules. The first part of this article describes the encapsulation of alizarin trimer 2a3 by dynamic mixtures of up to twenty different self-assembled molecular receptors together with the amplification and selection of the best binder. Receptors (1a-d)3.(DEB)6 are formed by the self-assembly of six diethyl barbiturate (DEB) and calix[4]arene dimelamine derivatives 1a-d by using hydrogen bonds. The largest amplification factor (2.8) for a host assembly (1a3.(DEB)6) was observed after the addition of 2a to four-component library 1a(n).1b(3-n).(DEB)6 (n=0-3). Addition of 2a to twenty-component library 1a(n).1b(m).1c(o).1d(3-(n+m+o)).(DEB)6 (n, m, o=0-3; (n+m+o)相似文献
17.
Severin K 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,10(10):2565-2580
Numerical simulations are presented that describe the adaptive behavior of simple dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) upon addition of a target. By studying the effect of various parameters such as the network topology, the initial concentrations, the association constants, and the binding affinities, general characteristics of such systems were derived. It is shown that the adaptation may lead to the amplification of molecules with a high affinity to the target, but only for specific boundary conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the selection process can be refined by using an evolutionary approach. These results are of importance for the design of selection experiments with DCLs. 相似文献
18.
The development and use of a new assay system for the simultaneous determination of identity, purity, and concentration of sample components from combinatorial libraries produced by parallel synthesis are described. The system makes use of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV/vis photodiode array (PDA), evaporative light scattering (ELSD), chemiluminescent nitrogen (CLND), and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) detectors (HPLC-PDA-ELSD-CLND-TOFMS). Although these detectors have previously been utilized separately for the analysis of combinatorial chemistry libraries, the use of TOFMS along with CLND provides a synergistic combination enabling target and side-product structures to be identified and their concentrations and purities determined in a single experiment from a solution containing microgram levels of material. The CLND was found to give a linear response based on the number of moles of nitrogen present. Therefore, if the number of nitrogens per molecule is known, the concentration of each nitrogen-containing sample component may be determined utilizing an unrelated co-injected standard. A molecular formula for an impurity may often be calculated from the exact mass determined by the TOFMS and knowledge of the chemistry involved. Thus, if the sample components contain nitrogen, the concentration of every identified HPLC peak may be determined even in the absence of primary standards. This combination of detectors enabled the characterization of both target compounds and byproducts in combinatorial libraries, allowing the optimization of library synthetic procedures. This system was also used to survey the quality of libraries, enabling the selection of the best libraries for screening. This method also facilitated the characterization of samples from combinatorial libraries found as hits in high-throughput screening to establish the potency of the leads based on their actual concentration. In addition, concentrations and potencies of impurities were determined after identification of their structures, utilizing exact mass data, determination of charge states, and knowledge of the synthetic chemistry. 相似文献
19.
Daniel Carbajo Yolanda Prez Jordi Bujons Ignacio Alfonso 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(39):17202-17206
Dynamic covalent chemistry combines in a single step the screening and synthesis of ligands for biomolecular recognition. In order to do that, a chemical entity is used as template within a dynamic combinatorial library of interconverting species, so that the stronger binders are amplified due to the efficient interaction with the target. Here we employed whole A549 living cells as template in a dynamic mixture of imines, for which amplification reflects the efficient and selective interaction with the corresponding extracellular matrix. The amplified polyamine showed strong interaction with the A549 extracellular matrix in on‐cell NMR experiments, while combination of NMR, SPR, and molecular dynamics simulations in model systems provided insights on the molecular recognition event. Notably, our work pioneers the use of whole living cells in dynamic combinatorial chemistry, which paves the way towards the discovery of new bioactive molecules in a more biorelevant environment. 相似文献
20.
Beeren SR Pittelkow M Sanders JK 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(26):7359-7361
Thermodynamic control over kinetically-trapped mixtures of hydrazone-based macrocycles is achieved by addition of an aromatic monohydrazide to generate dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) of linear and macrocyclic oligomers. 相似文献