Minimum genus embeddings of the complete graph

In this paper,the problem of construction of exponentially many minimum genus embeddings of complete graphs in surfaces are studied.There are three approaches to solve this problem.The first approach is to construct exponentially many graphs by the theory of graceful labeling of paths;the second approach is to find a current assignment of the current graph by the theory of current graph;the third approach is to find exponentially many embedding(or rotation) schemes of complete graph by finding exponentially many distinct maximum genus embeddings of the current graph.According to this three approaches,we can construct exponentially many minimum genus embeddings of complete graph K_(12s+8) in orientable surfaces,which show that there are at least 10/3×(200/9)~s distinct minimum genus embeddings for K_(12s+8) in orientable surfaces.We have also proved that K_(12s+8) has at least 10/3×(200/9)~s distinct minimum genus embeddings in non-orientable surfaces.     

A relative maximum genus graph embedding and its local maximum genus

A relative embedding of a connected graph is an embedding of the graph in some surface with respect to some closed walks, each of which bounds a face of the embedding. The relative maximum genus of a connected graph is the maximum of integerk with the property that the graph has a relative embedding in the orientable surface withk handles. A polynomial algorithm is provided for constructing relative maximum genus embedding of a graph if the relative tree of the graph is planar. Under this condition, just like maximum genus embedding, a graph does not have any locally strict maximum genus.     

The decycling number and maximum genus of cubic graphs

Let and denote the minimum size of a decycling set and maximum genus of a graph G, respectively. For a connected cubic graph G of order n, it is shown that . Applying the formula, we obtain some new results on the decycling number and maximum genus of cubic graphs. Furthermore, it is shown that the number of vertices of a decycling set S in a k‐regular graph G is , where c and are the number of components of and the number of edges in , respectively. Therefore, S is minimum if and only if is minimum. As an application, this leads to a lower bound for of a k‐regular graph G. In many cases this bound may be sharp.     

A new approach to constructing exponentially many nonisomorphic nonorientable triangular embeddings of complete graphs

We prove a theorem that for an integer s?0, if 12s+7 is a prime number, then the number of nonisomorphic face 3-colorable nonorientable triangular embeddings of K_n, where n=(12s+7)(6s+7), is at least . By some number-theoretic arguments there are an infinite number of integers s satisfying the hypothesis of the theorem. The theorem is the first known example of constructing at least 2^αn?+o(n?), ?>1, nonisomorphic nonorientable triangular embeddings of K_n for n=6t+1, . To prove the theorem, we use a new approach to constructing nonisomorphic triangular embeddings of complete graphs. The approach combines a cut-and-paste technique and the index one current graph technique. A new connection between Steiner triple systems and constructing triangular embeddings of complete graphs is given.     

Regular orientable embeddings of complete bipartite graphs

In this paper, it will be shown that the isomorphism classes of regular orientable embeddings of the complete bipartite graph K_n,n are in one‐to‐one correspondence with the permutations on n elements satisfying a given criterion, and the isomorphism classes of them are completely classified when n is a product of any two (not necessarily distinct) prime numbers. For other n, a lower bound of the number of those isomorphism classes of K_n,n is obtained. As a result, many new regular orientable embeddings of the complete bipartite graph are constructed giving an answer of Nedela‐?koviera's question raised in 12 . © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory     

On the number of triangular embeddings of complete graphs and complete tripartite graphs

We prove that for every prime number p and odd m>1, as s→∞, there are at least w face 2‐colorable triangular embeddings of K_{w, w, w}, where w = m·p^s. For both orientable and nonorientable embeddings, this result implies that for infinitely many infinite families of z, there is a constant c>0 for which there are at least z nonisomorphic face 2‐colorable triangular embeddings of K_z. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory     

Results of the maximum genus of graphs

In this paper,we provide a new class of up-embeddable graphs,and obtain a tight lower bound on the maximum genus of a class of 2-connected pseudographs of diameter 2 and of a class of diameter 4 multi-graphs.This extends a result of Skoviera.     

The orientable genus of some joins of complete graphs with large edgeless graphs

In an earlier paper the authors showed that with one exception the nonorientable genus of the graph with m≥n−1, the join of a complete graph with a large edgeless graph, is the same as the nonorientable genus of the spanning subgraph . The orientable genus problem for with m≥n−1 seems to be more difficult, but in this paper we find the orientable genus of some of these graphs. In particular, we determine the genus of when n is even and m≥n, the genus of when n=2^p+2 for p≥3 and m≥n−1, and the genus of when n=2^p+1 for p≥3 and m≥n+1. In all of these cases the genus is the same as the genus of K_m,n, namely ⌈(m−2)(n−2)/4⌉.     

Nonorientable triangular embeddings of complete graphs with arbitrarily large looseness

The looseness of a triangular embedding of a complete graph in a closed surface is the minimum integer m such that for every assignment of m colors to the vertices of the embedding (such that all m colors are used) there is a face incident with vertices of three distinct colors. In this paper we show that for every p?3 there is a nonorientable triangular embedding of a complete graph with looseness at least p.     

A lower bound for the number of triangular embeddings of some complete graphs and complete regular tripartite graphs

We prove that, for a certain positive constant a and for an infinite set of values of n, the number of nonisomorphic triangular embeddings of the complete graph K_n is at least n^an2. A similar lower bound is also given, for an infinite set of values of n, on the number of nonisomorphic triangular embeddings of the complete regular tripartite graph K_n,n,n.     

Exponentially many genus embeddings of the complete graph K 12s+3

In this paper, we consider the problem of construction of exponentially many distinct genus embeddings of complete graphs. There are three approaches to solve the problem. The first approach is to construct exponentially many current graphs by the theory of graceful labellings of paths; the second approach is to find a current assignment of the current graph by the theory of current graph; the third approach is to find exponentially many embedding(or rotation) scheme of complete graph by finding exponentially many distinct maximum genus embeddings of the current graph. According to these three approaches, we can construct exponentially many distinct genus embeddings of complete graph K12s+3, which show that there are at least12× 2(009)s distinct genus embeddings for K12s+3.     

与直径和围长有关的图的最大亏格

利用图的直径和围长来研究图的最大亏格的下界,得到了如下结果：设G是直径为d的简单图,若G的围长不小于d（其中d为不小于3的整数）,则ξ（G）≤2,即γM（G）≥1/2β（G）-1．而且,在这种意义下,所得到的界是最好的．     

Strong embeddings of minimum genus

A “folklore conjecture, probably due to Tutte” (as described in [P.D. Seymour, Sums of circuits, in: Graph Theory and Related Topics (Proc. Conf., Univ. Waterloo, 1977), Academic Press, 1979, pp. 341-355]) asserts that every bridgeless cubic graph can be embedded on a surface of its own genus in such a way that the face boundaries are cycles of the graph. Sporadic counterexamples to this conjecture have been known since the late 1970s. In this paper we consider closed 2-cell embeddings of graphs and show that certain (cubic) graphs (of any fixed genus) have closed 2-cell embedding only in surfaces whose genus is very large (proportional to the order of these graphs), thus providing a plethora of strong counterexamples to the above conjecture. The main result yielding such counterexamples may be of independent interest.     

Improper choosability of graphs and maximum average degree

Improper choosability of planar graphs has been widely studied. In particular, ?krekovski investigated the smallest integer g_k such that every planar graph of girth at least g_k is k‐improper 2‐choosable. He proved [9] that 6 ≤ g₁ ≤ 9; 5 ≤ g₂ ≤ 7; 5 ≤ g₃ ≤ 6; and ? k ≥ 4, g_k = 5. In this article, we study the greatest real M(k, l) such that every graph of maximum average degree less than M(k, l) is k‐improper l‐choosable. We prove that if l ≥ 2 then . As a corollary, we deduce that g₁ ≤ 8 and g₂ ≤ 6, and we obtain new results for graphs of higher genus. We also provide an upper bound for M(k, l). This implies that for any fixed l, . © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 181–199, 2006     

Curves of maximum genus in range A and stick-figures

In this paper we show the existence of smooth connected space curves not contained in a surface of degree less than , with genus maximal with respect to the degree, in half of the so-called range A. The main tool is a technique of deformation of stick-figures due to G. Fløystad.

     

Exponentially many perfect matchings in cubic graphs

We show that every cubic bridgeless graph G has at least ²|V(G)|/3656 perfect matchings. This confirms an old conjecture of Lovász and Plummer.     

The genus distributions for a certain type of permutation graphs in orientable surfaces

A circuit is a connected nontrivial 2-regular graph.A graph G is a permutation graph over a circuit C,if G can be obtained from two copies of C by joining these two copies with a perfect matching.In this paper,based on the joint tree method introduced by Liu,the genus polynomials for a certain type of permutation graphs in orientable surfaces are given.     

Nonorientable regular embeddings of graphs of order pq

In [J. Algeb. Combin. 19(2004), 123-141], Du et al. classified the orientable regular embeddings of connected simple graphs of order pq for any two primes p and q. In this paper, we shall classify the nonorientable regular embeddings of these graphs, where p ≠ q. Our classification depends on the classification of primitive permutation groups of degree p and degree pq but is independent of the classification of the arc-transitive graphs of order pq.     

A tight lower bound on the maximum genus of 3-edge connected loopless graphs

1.IntroductionThernchmumgenusl7M(G),ofacormectedgraphG~(V,E)isthem~amongthegenera,amongwhichGhasacellularembeddingonaspherewithkhandles.SinceanyembeddingofGhasatleastonefaCe,byEulerpolyhedralequation,itcanbeobtainedthatwhereP(G)=IE(G)I--IV(G)l IisthecyclerankofG.AgraphGiscalledop-imbeddableif7M(C)=Lop]exactly.Kund.[1]provedthatthereareatleasttWOedge-disjointspanningtreesinGifGis4-edgecormected.LiuandXuongcharacterizedtheuptheeddabilityofgraphsasinthefollowing.Theorem1.112'31.Acorm…