MnNb_2O_6粉体的水热合成

以Mn(NO3)2溶液和氧化铌凝胶为原料,分别选取HF、HCl、NaOH、NH3·H2O等为矿化剂,采用水热法制备了MnNb2O6微波介质陶瓷粉体,利用XRD、SEM等方法表征了所得粉体的相组成,颗粒尺寸大小等。结果表明:以Mn(NO3)2溶液和Nb2O5·nH2O为前驱物在碱性环境条件下200℃反应168h后,可制得平均晶粒尺寸约为24nm的MnNb2O6粉体。将合成的粉体在600℃热处理,制得颗粒尺寸约为300nm,高度分散的MnNb2O6粉体。     

溶液燃烧法合成ZnxCo1-xAl2O4尖晶石型超细陶瓷色料

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O和C12H22O11为原料,采用溶液燃烧法合成ZnxCo1-xAl2O4(0≤x≤1)尖晶石型陶瓷色料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和色度分析仪等检测方法对Zn2+的掺杂量和热处理温度对合成粉体的物相组成、微观形貌和呈色性能的影响规律进行了表征.结果表明:在Zn2掺杂量x=0.2、前驱体溶液中(Zn2++Co2+)浓度为0.3 mol/L、点燃温度400℃、后续热处理温度1200℃和保温时间30 min条件下,合成色料的蓝度值(-b*)达47.03的最大值,其平均晶粒尺寸为120 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y_(3-x)Ce_xAl_5O_(12)纳米粉体的研究

以Y(NO3)3.6H2O、Ce(NO3)3.6H2O、Al(NO3)3.9H2O、柠檬酸为主要原料,以聚乙二醇作为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米级YAG∶Ce3+粉体。研究了煅烧温度、溶液中金属离子浓度、溶液pH值及Ce3+掺杂量等因素对制备纳米YAG∶Ce3+粉体的颗粒尺寸、颗粒形貌、物相的影响。结果表明:当溶液pH为=4.0、金属离子浓度为0.50 mol/L、煅烧温度为1000℃时,可以制备出具有良好的分散性,平均粒径在30 nm的粉体。     

柠檬酸铵辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉体及其表征

以Gd(NO3)3·6H2O、Zr(NO3)4·6H2O为原料,无水柠檬酸(C6H8O7)为螫合剂,无水乙醇做溶剂,采用柠檬酸铵(C6H17N3O7)分散剂辅助溶胶凝胶法合成分散好的Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉体.通过TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、TEM测试方法对合成的粉体进行了表征.结果表明:添加的柠檬酸铵与无水柠檬酸的摩尔量之比为1时,其溶胶的pH值为2.8左右,所制得的Gd2Zr2O7前驱体在空气中900℃煅烧4h后得到分散均匀、团聚程度轻、结晶良好的纯相Gd2Zr2O7纳米粉体,样品为缺陷型萤石结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为33 nm.     

改进的碳铵沉淀法中氧化钇粉体尺寸及形貌的调控研究

以商业氧化钇(Y2 O3)为原材料,采用改进的碳酸盐沉淀工艺合成钇碳酸盐前驱体,经随后的焙烧工艺获得Y2O3产品.X衍射技术(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征表明:合成的碳酸盐前驱体Y2(CO3)3·2H2O具有类球形形貌、粒度分布均匀,经950℃焙烧2 h,前驱体受热分解为Y2 O3粉体,粉体完整保留了前驱体的形貌特征.同时,基于对NH4 HCO3/NH4+不同摩尔比条件下NH4 HCO3/NH4 NO3混合溶液中pH值变化的理论计算,在保持其他条件不变化条件下,通过改变NH4 HCO3/NH4 NO3混合溶液的加入量以获得不同的稀土碳酸盐沉淀终点pH值,当碳酸盐沉淀过程中pH值从6.0降低至4.7时,可实现超细至大颗粒不同尺寸氧化钇粉体的制备.同时,公斤级的扩大试验证实该工艺具有良好的可推广性.进一步提出NH4+在碳酸氢铵沉淀制备氧化钇工艺中的作用机理:(1)改变反应体系中阳离子和阴离子的组成;(2)显著影响前驱体的晶型;(3)显著影响产品颗粒尺寸大小.     

低温燃烧合成法制备纳米氧化镧

以六水硝酸镧、一水柠檬酸为原料,利用低温燃烧合成法制备了纳米La2O3粉体.利用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对干凝胶热分解过程及最终形成的纳米La2O3粉体进行了表征,并研究了前驱体溶液的pH值、物质的量配比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对粉体粒径和形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在溶液的pH=2,La(NO3)3·6H2O:C6H8O7·H2O=6:7,煅烧温度在700~900 ℃,煅烧时间为1.5 h时,可获得粒径均匀的纳米La2O3粉体,且所得产物的粒径范围为50~100 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石型ZnFe2O4粉体的研究

以硝酸铁、硝酸锌为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了尖晶石型ZnFe2 O4粉体.通过热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对制备的ZnFe2O4粉体进行了分析测试与表征,并对其合成机理进行探讨.研究表明:滴定溶液的pH =4时最有利于柠檬酸对Fe3+、Zn2+的络合.在600 ～ 1000℃下,随着合成温度的提高,制备的ZnFe2O4粉体晶型发育逐步完整,确定较好的合成温度为900℃.相同条件下,适当延长保温时间,有助于ZnFe2O4粉体的合成.     

钛(Ⅳ)固溶氧化镁纳米粉体的制备与表征

采用液相共沉淀方法,以Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为起始原料,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,PEG为分散剂,冰乙酸为修饰剂,制备了钛(Ⅳ)固溶氧化镁纳米粉体.利用XRD,XPS和TEM等分析手段对粉体的物相组成、结构和形貌等进行了表征.结果表明Ti4+固溶到Mgo的品格中,物相只有立方晶系的方镁石结构Mgo相组成,无其它相存在.所制得的粉体颗粒尺寸小(约40～50 nm)、粒度分布均匀,具有良好的分散性能.     

溶剂热法制备不同形貌纳米Lu2O3粉体

本文以水、丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶剂热法制备了不同形貌的纳米氧化镥(Lu2O3粉)粉体前驱体,将前驱体在400～800 ℃条件下煅烧2 h制得了不同形貌的Eu3+:Lu2O3粉体.研究发现,所用溶剂的物理性质对产生特定形貌的样品具有重要的影响,以水和丙酮为溶剂,可制得具有较高长径比的Lu2O3纳米棒,而当溶剂为乙醇和乙二醇时,所得Lu2O3粉体为等轴状的纳米颗粒.     

炭吸附Bi2O3/TiO2复合粉体的制备及其光催化性能研究

利用炭吸附溶胶凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,氧化铋为铋源制备氧化铋含量为10;(质量分数)的纳米Bi2O3/TiO2复合粉体.通过热重/差热仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)等对所得催化剂的焙烧温度、物相、微粒尺寸及光吸收性能进行表征.结果表明:炭黑的吸附有效阻止了纳米Bi2O3/TiO2复合粉体在制备、干燥以及焙烧过程的团聚和烧结,制得的粉体颗粒均匀,分散性好,团聚较少,经600℃焙烧的粉体,平均颗粒直径约为18.8 nm,比表面积约为86.52 m2/g.亚甲基蓝紫外光催化反应结果表明,在50 min内亚甲基蓝在Bi2O3/TiO2催化剂上几乎完全分解.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.