衬底放置方式对ZnO阵列形貌的影响

ZnO纳米棒阵列通过两步化学法制备,首先通过水热法在ITO衬底上制备ZnO晶种,然后把有ZnO晶种的ITO衬底垂直放入以氯化锌和氨水为溶剂的pH值为11的溶液,在85℃恒温条件下生长2h,然后在600 ℃对其进行退火处理,就得到了在ITO衬底上生长的ZnO纳米棒阵列.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、紫外可见分光光度计和光致发光谱仪(PL)对样品的晶体结构、形貌和光学性能进行了表征.结果表明制备的高密度棒状ZnO纳米阵列是垂直生长在ITO衬底上,纳米棒的直径大约为150nm,长约1μm,纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒沿着[0002]方向一致生长;ZnO纳米棒阵列在波长为300 ～400 nm处出现了很强的紫外吸收峰;ZnO纳米棒阵列的光致发光光谱在380 nm左右有一个极强的紫外发光峰.研究了衬底放置方式对ZnO晶种形貌和光学性能的影响.最后通过对棒状ZnO纳米阵列形成过程中可能涉及到的化学反应以及形成机理做了简单的分析.     

GaN衬底掺杂模式对ZnO纳米棒光学性质的影响

本文通过水热法在u-GaN(undoped GaN)/Al2 O3和p-GaN/Al2O3衬底上制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨X射线衍射仪(HRXRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致发光谱(PL)对样品进行表征,研究在无种子层和金属催化剂情况下u-GaN/Al2 O3和p-GaN/Al2O3衬底对ZnO纳米棒生长的影响.结果表明,在u-GaN和p-GaN上生长的ZnO纳米棒均为六方纤锌矿结构.在p-GaN上生长的ZnO纳米棒直径较细且密度更大,这可能是由于p-GaN界面比较粗糙,界面能量较大,为ZnO的生长提供了更多的形核区域;与生长在u-GaN上的ZnO纳米棒阵列相比,p-GaN上所沉积的ZnO纳米棒在378.3 nm处有一个较强的近带边发射峰,且峰强比较大,说明在p-GaN上所制备的ZnO纳米棒的晶体质量和光学性能更好.     

化学溶液沉积法制备超疏水氧化锌薄膜

采用化学溶液沉积法在涂覆ZnO缓冲层的玻璃衬底上制备超疏水ZnO薄膜。利用SEM、XRD和水接触角测量表征薄膜的微观结构和润湿性。结果表明:在涂覆ZnO的玻璃衬底上所沉积的ZnO膜为单分散的ZnO纳米棒阵列膜。ZnO纳米棒的形状和尺寸与氢氧化钠浓度、化学反应速度和沉积时间有关。氢氧化钠浓度较高时所获得的是细长浓密的纳米棒阵列膜,提高反应速度会降低ZnO纳米棒的均匀性和形状规则性。经硅烷偶联剂处理后所得薄膜与水的接触角达到165°。     

ZnO纳米线的水热法生长

本文采用两步湿化学法在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO纳米线。首先,利用Sol-gel方法在载玻片上制备含有ZnO纳米颗粒的薄膜作为“种子”衬底。然后,利用水热法在“种子”衬底上生长了高度取向的ZnO纳米线。并对“种子”衬底和随后生长的ZnO纳米线进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子形貌图(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等分析。结果表明“种子”衬底为大范围内纳米颗粒均匀一致的ZnO薄膜。通过水热法制备的ZnO纳米线的直径在50～80nm,平均直径为60nm,长度大约为2μm。该ZnO纳米线除了具有很强的紫外发光(399nm)外,还在蓝光(469nm)和绿光(569nm)波段有较弱的光致发光现象。     

基于直流磁控溅射晶种层的ZnO纳米阵列的制备及性能研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射法制备品种层薄膜,研究O2/Ar气体分压比和退火温度对品种层结构和微观形貌的影响.通过化学水浴沉积,在预制有晶种层的薄膜上制备ZnO纳米阵列结构,研究不同前驱体浓度和预制晶种层对纳米阵列生长的影响.结果表明,当O2/Ar中O2分压减少,薄膜均匀性较差,当Ar分压增加薄膜由于扩散而趋于平整.退火温度增加,晶粒尺寸增大,内应力降低.磁控溅射法预制的晶种层上生长的纳米棒垂直于衬底生长,(002)晶面的衍射峰强最高,说明纳米棒沿c轴择优取向.生长液的浓度对纳米棒的形貌影响显著,随着生长液浓度的升高,ZnO纳米阵列直径增大,顶端趋于平整的六棱柱结构.     

Ti离子注入对ZnO纳米棒阵列性能的影响

本文研究了Ti离子注入对ZnO纳米棒阵列结构、形貌、光学特性和疏水性的影响.XRD测试表明注入前后ZnO纳米棒均为六方纤锌矿晶体结构.然而,随着对ZnO纳米棒阵列注入剂量的增加,样品沿(002)晶面优先生长的趋势降低,而且当注入剂量达到5×1017/cm2时,甚至出现ZnTiO3( 104)晶面衍射峰,说明了这种物质的存在,而后面的XPS表征也进一步证明了Ti-Zn-O化学键的存在.样品形貌测试表明,离子注入后由于受刻蚀和溅射的作用,不仅使得ZnO纳米棒表面形貌发生了很大的变化,透光率也显著下降.离子注入后ZnO纳米棒表面疏水性受形貌变化的影响也发生了改变,使得其疏水性增强,当Ti离子注入量为1×1017/cm2时ZnO纳米棒表面接触角达到了151.4°.总之,离子注入作为一种较新颖的表明改性方法,通过对ZnO纳米棒阵列改性处理可以明显扩展其潜在应用价值.     

籽晶辅助化学水浴沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列

采用籽晶辅助化学水浴沉积法,即先用磁控溅射法在硅片上制备c轴取向的ZnO薄膜,以此作为籽晶层,利用化学水浴沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD),研究了ZnO薄膜籽晶层的沉积温度、水浴温度和前驱体溶液中Zn源的初始浓度等对ZnO纳米棒阵列生长的影响,由此得到了结晶性好且几乎垂直于衬底方向的ZnO纳米棒阵列的生长条件,为制备基于ZnO纳米棒阵列的器件提供了条件.     

载气流量对氧化锌纳米棒阵列的影响

本文研究了在金属有机化学气相沉积法(MOCVD)生长过程中,锌(Zn)源和氧(O)源载气流量的改变对ZnO纳米棒阵列的影响.通过改变源材料载气的流量,得到了直径从150 nm到20 nm范围、均一性明显改善的ZnO纳米棒.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射图谱(XRD),拉曼光谱(Raman)和光致荧光光谱(PL)等测试手段对样品的形貌结构和光学特性进行了表征.SEM和XRD结果表明当Zn源和O源的载气流量均为1 SLM时,所得的纳米棒直径最均匀,排列整齐,垂直于衬底生长,且结晶度最好.PL谱显示纳米棒的紫外带边峰发生了蓝移,可能与表面效应的增加有关.     

ZnO纳米棒的电致发光研究

采用化学浴沉积法在ITO导电玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO纳米棒膜层,构建了无绝缘层和添加Alq3为绝缘层的两类ZnO发光器件,测试和比较了两类器件的光致发光与电致发光特性.结果表明,在ZnO和Alq3混合体系的PL谱中,观察到ZnO的380nm发光减弱而Alq3的520 nm发光增强,这表明在ZnO的激子态和Alq3分子之间发生了能量转移.ZnO纳米棒的EL谱表现为随机激光,这主要是由于光在纳米棒内谐振,及纳米棒长短不一、阵列不整齐所致.加入Alq3后,器件的Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线上出现了约为1.6V的阈值电压,工作电压由30 V降为18 V,且器件的发光颜色由黄绿区移到蓝紫区.     

柔性有序ZnO纳米棒/TiO2纳米粒子复合薄膜的制备及其光电转换性能研究

采用电沉积法,在柔性不锈钢网基底上制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列,随后旋涂P25浆料,最终经退火后得到了ZnO纳米棒阵列/TiO2纳米粒子的复合结构薄膜,详细探讨了TiO2纳米粒子的填充,初级ZnO纳米棒阵列的形貌,P25浆料的旋涂次数以及表面活性剂PEG添加量等制备条件对复合结构光阳极形貌及光电性能的影响.研究表明:TiO2纳米粒子的引入能有效提高光阳极的比表面积,增强半导体与染料的耦合能力,ZnO纳米棒阵列能够为电子提供快速传输的通道.最佳制备条件为:初级ZnO纳米棒沉积次数为两次,浆料浓度为1 g/50 mL,旋涂浆料次数为三次,PEG添加量为4g/100 mL,制备的复合结构DSSC的光电转换效率较单一纳米棒阵列有一定的提高.     

A low-temperature aqueous solution route to large-scale growth of ZnO nanowire arrays

A low-temperature template-free aqueous solution route has been successfully employed to fabricate large-scale arrays of highly oriented ZnO nanowires. It is found that the growth of the highly oriented ZnO nanowire arrays is dependent on the reaction time, leading to our proposal on the possible formation mechanism. The obtained ZnO nanowires are single crystalline and have a low defect concentration. Furthermore, the ZnO nanowires exhibit significant optical properties in photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy and Raman spectrum, suggesting that they could find promising potential for opto-electronic application.     

Synthesis,characterization and electrical properties of hybrid Zn2GeO4–ZnO beaded nanowire arrays

We report the syntheses of vertically aligned, beaded zinc germinate (Zn₂GeO₄)/zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid nanowire arrays via a catalyst-free approach. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowire is used as a lattice matching reactive template for the growth of Zn₂GeO₄/ZnO nanowire. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). TEM studies revealed the beaded microstructures of the Zn₂GeO₄/ZnO nanowire. The thickness and microstructures of crystalline beads could be easily controlled by tuning the growth duration and temperature. The photoluminescence spectrum of the Zn₂GeO₄/ZnO nanowires is composed of two peaks, i.e., the ultraviolet (UV) peak and the defect peak. For longer treatment duration of the samples, both the UV and defect peak intensities decrease dramatically. One application of the as-prepared Zn₂GeO₄/ZnO nanowire is to use the nanowire as template for the growth of three-dimensionally (3D) aligned, high-density ZnO nanobranches en route to hierarchical structure. The study of field emission properties of the as-prepared samples revealed the low turn-on voltage and high current density electron emission from the 3D ZnO nanobranches as compared to the ZnO nanowires and Zn₂GeO₄/ZnO nanowires. Furthermore, the electrical transport behavior of single hybrid nanowire device indicates the formation of back-to-back Schottky barriers (SBs) formation at the contacts and its application in white-light response has been demonstrated.     

电场辅助电化学法沉积ZnO纳米线

采用电场辅助电化学沉积的方法成功的在阳极氧化铝模板中沉积出ZnO纳米线阵列.透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明,制备的纳米线是单晶ZnO纳米线,形貌均匀,直径大约为60nm,并且择优于(101)晶面.我们对生长过程中所加辅助电场的作用给出了初步的解释.     

溶胶-凝胶模板法制备磷酸铁锂纳米线阵列

以多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)为模板,采用溶胶-凝胶法和模板法结合的方法制备了LiFePO4纳米线阵列,实验考察了煅烧温度、气氛等主要工艺参数对纳米线阵列形貌晶型的影响,并用SEM、XRD对纳米线的结构、成分和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:制备的LiFePO4纳米线阵列的直径约为200nm,长度为60μm,长径比达到300,纳米线阵列的直径主要取决于模板的孔径,长度接近于模板的厚度.采用不同结构尺寸的AAO模板,可实现纳米线阵列的可控制备.最后在实验基础上,对纳米线阵列的形成机理进行了分析.     

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanowire arrays

In this paper we report a chemical method named coordination reaction method to synthesize ZnO nanowire arreys. ZnO nanowires with the diameter about 80nm were successfully fabricated in the channels of the porous anodic alumina (PAA) template by the above coordination reaction method. The microstructures of ZnO/PAA assembly were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the ZnO nanowires can be uniformly assembled into the nanochannels of PAA template. The growth mechanism of ZnO nanowires and the conditions of the coordination reaction are discussed. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement shows that the ZnO/PAA assembly system has a blue emission band caused by the various defects of ZnO. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Self-assembled tin-doped ZnO nanowire and nanoplate structures grown by thermal treatment of ZnS powder

Sintering of a ZnS–SnO₂ mixture under argon flow leads to the growth of columnar nanoplate arrays as well as arrays of nanowires, nanorods and nanoplates with six-fold symmetry. The six-fold nanoplate structures correspond to a more advanced stage of growth than the nanowire structures. Cathodoluminescence (CL) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the structures contain Sn, but the amount of this element is normally under the detection limit of X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The formation of branches in the hierarchical structures depends on the presence of Sn and on defects in the mixture powder.     

ZnO超细纳米线阵列的制备及其电化学性能

以Zn(NO₃)₂· 6H₂O和C₆H₁₂N₄为原材料,采用二步水热法在碳纤维布上合成了形貌尺寸均匀的ZnO超细纳米线阵列。用 X 射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,利用恒流充放电测试等手段对其进行电化学性能测试。测试结果表明,材料表现出优异的电化学性能。在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环150次后,ZnO超细纳米线阵列仍然约有730 mAh/g的充放电比容量,库伦效率保持在95%以上。在1 200 mA/g的大倍率条件下,材料的充放电比容量依旧可达481 mAh/g左右,表现出十分良好的循环稳定性和可逆性能,是一种较为理想的锂离子电池负极复合材料。     

不同形貌的纳米氧化锌粉的光学性能研究

本文采用水热和溶剂热法制备了粒状、棒状、片状、管状纳米氧化锌粉体,并对四种不同形貌的氧化锌粉的光学性能进行了对比研究.结果表明:氧化锌纳米粒,纳米片和纳米管在200~400 nm区域的反射率均低于8;,而氧化锌纳米棒在200~400 nm区域的反射率大约为18;.氧化锌纳米管对甲基橙的光催化降解效果最好,在距离30 cm 的30 W紫外灯条件下进行照射,8 h完全降解,而氧化锌纳米棒对甲基橙的光催化降解效果最差,在相同的实验条件下,氧化锌纳米棒的降解率仅为70;.     

Fabrication and photocatalytic property of ZnO/SrTiO3 core/shell nanorod arrays

ZnO/SrTiO₃ core/shell nanorod arrays were fabricated by a facile two‐step method. ZnO nanorod arrays were first hydrothermally grown on Si substrate. Then, using liquid phase deposition method, SrTiO₃ were deposited onto the ZnO nanorods to form core/shell nanorod structures. The morphologies and structures of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The photocatalytic behavior of the nanorod arrays was also examined through the photodegradation of methylene blue solution under UV irradiation. It was found that the core/shell nanorod arrays with deposition time of 10 min showed higher photocatalytic activity than bare ZnO nanorod arrays. This enhancement was attributed to the efficient charge separation at the ZnO/SrTiO₃ interface.     

Engineering ZnO nanowire surfaces via a chemical method

Quasi‐aligned porous ZnO nanowire arrays are promising architectures for potential applications in catalysts, gas sensors and solar cells. However, processes for conversion of ZnO nanowire arrays into porous ones have rarely been reported. Here, we report a facile chemical method for the synthesis of ZnO nanowire array with porous surface. The morphology and structure of the obtained products have been investigated with field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Time‐dependent experiments have also been carried out to better understand the formation process of porous structures on the nanowire surfaces. The obtained porous ZnO nanowire arrays may find potential applications in catalysts, solar cells and gas sensors due to the large surface area of the yielded products.