高活性Pd/MgO催化剂的制备及其CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化反应

利用溶液法结合高温煅烧处理合成MgO载体,通过浸渍法制备Pd/MgO催化剂并对其进行CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化性能研究。通过X射线粉末衍射、CO2程序升温脱附、比表面仪、热重分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜和微型催化评价装置对合成的样品进行结构和性能表征。结果表明,合成的MgO载体是一种Lewis碱性很强的纳米片结构,Pd纳米颗粒高度分散在MgO载体上,粒径小且分布均一。此MgO纳米片作为载体制备的Pd/MgO催化剂在较低的Pd负载量(0.5%)下表现出优异的CO氧化偶联催化性能,在反应温度130℃时CO单程转化率高达65%,草酸二甲酯选择性96%,稳定性超过100 h,明显越于工业催化剂(Pd/α-Al2O3),具有潜在的工业应用前景。     

Unique hydrogenation activity of supported tin catalyst: Selective hydrogenation catalyst for unsaturated aldehydes

Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes, crotonaldehyde (CH₃CH=CHCH=O) and cinnamaldehyde (C₆H₅CH=CHCH=O), has been studied over SiO₂-supported monometallic Sn and bimetallic Rh---Sn catalysts in the liquid phase. Over a silica-supported monometallic Rh catalyst, Rh/SiO₂, no unsaturated alcohol (crotyl alcohol or cinnamyl alcohol) was formed, whereas considerable amounts of the corresponding saturated aldehyde and saturated alcohol were obtained. The selectivity to the unsaturated alcohol was improved over the Rh---Sn bimetallic catalyst. The selectivity to the corresponding unsaturated alcohol attained ca. 65% over the Rh---Sn bimetallic catalysts. On the other hand, The supported Sn catalyst showed markedly high selectivity to the unsaturated alcohols. The selectivity of the Sn/SiO₂, attained 95% to crotyl alcohol and 100% to cinnamyl alcohol, respectively. Although the conversion of each unsaturated aldehyde over Rh---Sn/SiO₂ catalysts was greater than that over Sn/SiO₂ catalysts, the selectivity of Sn/SiO₂ catalysts to the corresponding unsaturated alcohols was superior to that over Rh---Sn/SiO₂. The selectivity of Sn/SiO₂ was also compared with that of Rh---Sn/SiO₂ at a similar conversion of the unsaturated aldehydes. The selectivity of Sn/SiO₂ was significantly greater than that of the Rh---Sn bimetallic catalyst. These results indicate that the high selectivity over Sn/SiO₂ was ascribed not to low conversion but to intrinsic selectivity of the Sn catalyst.     

Hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over magnesium oxide prepared by the decomposition of magnesium oxalate

In order to find the cause of the high activity for hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over a magnesium oxide catalyst prepared by thermal decomposition of magnesium oxalate, ESR and poisoning techniques were used. The cause of the high activity was attributed to large surface area and electron donating properties, which might be related to the surface basicity.

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Asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones using polymeric catalyst prepared from polymer-supported 1,2-diamine

tert-Butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protected chiral 1,2-diamine monomers 3 were copolymerized with achiral vinyl monomers such as styrene, methacrylates, acrylates, methacrylamide, and acrylamide to give crosslinked polymers P2 containing chiral 1,2-diamine moieties. Deprotection of the Boc groups in the polymer afforded the crosslinked chiral 1,2-diamine polymer P3. The diamine polymer was allowed to react with RuCl₂/BINAP in DMF to form polymeric complex. Asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones smoothly proceeded using the polymeric complex to give the corresponding secondary alcohol in quantitative yield with high level of enantioselectivity up to 98% ee in a mixed solvent of DMF and 2-propanol. The polymeric catalyst can be recycled several times without loss of the activity.     

Cu/SiO2催化剂在草酸二乙酯加氢过程中失活研究

草酸酯加氢合成乙二醇过程中负载量为20％的Cu催化剂可以获得较高的乙二醇(EG)收率,但是该催化剂寿命过短的问题限制了其工业应用.本实验主要研究造成该催化剂失活的原因.使用蒸氨法将铜负载在SiO2上,制成用于草酸二乙酯(DEO)加氢的催化剂.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和高分辨率透射电镜(HRTWE...     

Comparison of the base catalytic activity of MgO prepared by thermal decomposition of hydroxide,basic carbonate,and oxalate under atmospheric conditions

Research on Chemical Intermediates - To obtain highly active solid base catalyst of magnesium oxide (MgO) under atmospheric conditions, hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), basic carbonate...     

MgCl2载体对Nd(OiPr)3-nCln-HAl(i-Bu)2催化剂性能的影响

对不含ｆ 电子的过渡金属 (Ｔｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ等 )的Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ Ｎａｔｔａ催化剂 ,载体化是提高催化活性的一种重要方法 ,并已经取得了成功[1,2 ] 。而对具有许多独特优点[3] 的稀土Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ Ｎａｔｔａ催化剂的载体化 ,虽然人们也做了一些研究[4 ,5] ,并在一定程度上提高了催化效率 (约 2～ 3倍 ) ,但与高效载体催化剂相比 ,其催化效率还是比较低 ,因此有必要进行进一步探索 ,以助于寻找提高催化活性和定向性的途径。1　实验部分1 1　催化剂的制备1 1 1　ＭｇＣｌ2 载体的制备[6] 　将 2 0 0ｇＭｇＣｌ2 ·6Ｈ2 Ｏ与 5 5ｇＮ…     

Preparation of facile separable homogeneous Rhodium catalyst and its application for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (G2-PPI) terminated by nitrogen-containing triolefinic macrocycle on the periphery (G2-M) was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The structure and composition of G2-M were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and elemental analysis. The Rh³⁺ dendrimer-stabilized catalyst (G2-M(Rh³⁺)) was prepared by utilizing G2-M as stabilizer and analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, ¹H-NMR spectrometry, XPS and XRD. G2-M(Rh³⁺) demonstrates excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and Rh residue contents for HNBR and HSBR are only 35 and 13 ppm, respectively, without any post treatment.     

同晶取代法制备Cu-Ni双金属催化剂及其催化CO加氢合成乙醇性能

采用定向同晶取代法制备了一系列镍孔雀石前驱体的Cu-Ni双金属催化剂。考察了前驱体结构以及催化剂表面组成对催化剂催化性能的影响,并采用浆态床反应器对催化剂的CO加氢制乙醇性能进行评价。实验结果表明,采用定向同晶取代法可以制备出（Cu,Ni）₂CO₃（OH）₂纯物相,取代后的Ni²⁺主要富集在前驱体（Cu,Ni）₂CO₃（OH）₂表面。焙烧后形成的（Cu_x,Ni_1-x）O固溶体均匀地分散在CuO晶体结构中。还原后的催化剂中Cu、Ni相互均匀分散形成活性界面,促进了低碳醇的合成。其中,不连续分布的Ni活性位点阻止了碳链的进一步增长,从而提高了乙醇选择性。当Ni/Cu原料比为45：100时,（Cu_x,Ni_1-x）O固溶体与CuO之间有较强的相互作用,表现出最好的反应活性和乙醇选择性。     

Crystallization behaviors of nanosized MgO particles from magnesium alkoxides

The effects of the size of the alkoxy group on the thermal decomposition behavior of magnesium alkoxides (magnesium methoxide and ethoxide) and the crystallization behavior of MgO was investigated using thermogravimetry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. As the size of the alkyl group increased, the decomposition temperature decreased and resultant MgO crystallization of the alkoxide precursor was enhanced. In an inert N(2) atmosphere, the decomposition temperature of magnesium ethoxide was about 260 degrees C, which was lower than that of magnesium methoxide by approximately 70 degrees C. The degree of the crystallization of MgO particles from the ethoxide was also significantly higher than that of the methoxide. This result is explained in terms of the O-R bonding strength of the alkoxide. With use of the Kissinger method, the activation energy for the thermal decomposition of magnesium alkoxide was found to be dependent on the size of the alkyl group. The activation energies were 161+/-23 and 130+/-24 kJ/mol for the magnesium methoxide and the magnesium ethoxide, respectively.     

Effect of feedstock solvent on the stability of Cu/SiO2 catalyst for vapor-phase hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol

The lifetime (200 h) of a Cu/SiO(2) catalyst under DMO-ethanol feedstock is 20 times longer than that (10 h) of the catalyst under DMO-methanol feedstock without any modification of the catalyst. The stabilization effect of ethanol on the active centers can effectively slow down the agglomeration of copper particles during the hydrogenation process.     

RuB-PEG催化剂对喹啉加氢性能研究

以PEG做稳定剂制备了RuB非晶态纳米催化剂.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)和等离子发射光谱(ICP)对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,RuB以高分散态存在,其中金属钌的平均粒径约为2.4 nm.该研究考察了聚合度、溶剂、催化剂用量、催化剂中硼钌比、压强和添加剂等因素对喹啉加氢反应...     

水热法Fe-Mn催化剂制备及其合成气制低碳烯烃催化活性

以水热合成法制备了K原位改性的Fe-Mn催化剂,考察了其CO加氢合成低碳烯烃催化活性。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、H₂-TPR和FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,制备的催化剂前驱体呈50~70 nm的球形颗粒,表面富含羰基和羟基,物相组成以Fe₃O₄为主,用于反应后有Fe₅C₂和MnCO₃相生成。与共沉淀法制备催化剂相比,在设定的反应条件下,不同K含量改性的催化剂均具有较高的活性,以原料配比Fe:Mn:C₆:K=3:1:5:0.10的催化剂性能最佳,CO转化率达95.02%,总低碳烯烃收率为62.86 g/m³(H₂+CO),CH₄和CO₂选择性分别为13.88%和13.98%。     

A tripodal sulfur ligand for the selective ruthenium-catalysed hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate

The first example of a catalyst utilising a sulfur-based ligand [MeC(CH2SBu)3] for the selective hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to methyl glycolate is reported.     

Polymerization of butadiene and vinyl ether with catalyst prepared from π-allyl nickel halide and organic peroxide

The π-allyl nickel halide–organic peroxide system has been found to be active as catalyst for the stereospecific polymerization of butadiene and polymerization of vinyl ether. Benzoyl peroxide is most effective. The catalyst from π-allyl nickel chloride or π-allyl nickel bromide and benzoyl peroxide yields predominantly cis-1,4 polymer with high activity, whereas the catalyst from π-allyl nickel iodide affords predominantly trans-1,4 polymer. The catalyst system can be divided into two parts, a benzene-soluble and a sentially insoluble component. It is concluded that the catalyst activity originates esbenzene-from the insoluble nickel complex which is composed of halogen atom, benzoyloxy group of conjugated structure, allyl group, and nickel. A structure is proposed for the complex.     

Tungsten disulfide prepared from ammonium tetrathiotungstate as a catalyst with high performance for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to CO

For the hydrogenation of CO₂ to CO, tungsten disulfide prepared by decomposing ammonium tetrathiotungstate, was found to exhibit high activity and good selectivity (>99.9%). Large surface area, viz., 64 m²g^–1, is primarily responsible for the high activity, while the lack of activity in CO methanation for the good selectivity.     

An improved method for the diimide hydrogenation of butadiene and isoprene containing polymers

The hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers with diimide generated in-situ by thermolysis of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) is a commonly used method for preparing laboratory scale quantities of saturated diene based polymers. The by-products from TSH, particularly p-toluenesulfinic acid, can attack at olefinic sites, adding p-tolylsulfone functionality and degrading polymer molecular weight. The addition of tri-n-propyl amine has been found to eliminate these side reactions in butadiene containing polymers and copolymers, enabling the preparation of polymers devoid of backbone unsaturation. No detectable sulfur-containing impurities were indicated by IR, NMR, or elemental analysis, and no chain degradation was observed via GPC analysis of the hydrogenated polymers. cis-Polybutadiene and butadiene containing random and block copolymers with styrene were hydrogenated cleanly using this technique. A ratio of 2 mol TSH and 2 mol amine/mol of olefin was necessary to assure > 99% hydrogenation, and a w/v ratio of 2 parts butadiene/100 parts o-xylene gave the most efficient hydrogenation. Polymers prepared from isoprene were only partially hydrogenated when treated with TSH in the presence of tri-n-propyl amine, and gave evidence of slight degradation of the polymer structure.     

Change in the hydrogenation and isomerization activity of chromium oxide when oxygen and water are removed from the catalyst

Summary The treatment of chromium oxide at 500° with hydrogen from which the oxygen and water had been removed leads to a sharp increase in the activity of the catalyst in the hydrogenation of benzene and the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and to some reduction in its activity in the isomerization of cyclohexane.The authors wish to thank M. I. Rozengart for supplying the catalyst sample.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1691–1693, September, 1964