High buffer gas pressure perturbation of coherent population trapping in sodium vapors

We report an experimental investigation of coherent population trapping in specially selected Zeeman levels of the sodium atom, performed under high buffer gas pressure in a polydimethylsiloxane coated cell at room temperature. The results show that coherent population trapping will not be completely destroyed when the buffer gas pressure reaches 1100 Torr for He and 1000, 800, and 500 Torr, for Ne, Ar and Kr, respectively. Buffer gases with heavier mass play a larger destructive role for the coherent population trapping. The line width of the dark resonance is reduced with buffer gas pressure. The behavior of the dark resonances on increasing buffer gas is discussed and possible applications are pointed out.     

Intelligent sensor system for CO2 partial pressure measurements

Solid state electrochemical gas sensors allow the measurement of partial gas pressures with high accuracy. However, there are problems related to the response time, drift and cross sensitivity which should be solved to improve the performance of these sensors. An intelligent sensor system is presented which improves the sensor response time, compensates the drift and allows to calculate functional relationships between the electrical and the chemical energy of galvanic cell reactions. An electronic circuit for evaluating the measured cell voltage of a type III potentiometric CO₂ sensor is also presented.     

Elastic properties of alkaline earth oxides under high pressure

In this article, we have investigated the high-pressure structural phase transition of alkaline earth oxides using the three-body potential (TBP) model. Phase transition pressures are associated with elastic constants. An effective inter-ionic interaction potential (TBP) with long-range Coulomb interactions and the Hafemeister–Flygare type short-range overlap repulsion and the vdWl interaction is developed. The present calculations have revealed reasonably good agreement with the available experimental data on structural transition (B1–B2 structure). The phase transition pressures Pt of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO occur at 220, 45, 40, and 100?GPa, respectively. Further, the variations of the second-order elastic constants with pressure have followed a systematic trend, which are almost identical to those exhibited by the observed data measured for other semiconducting compounds with rocksalt (B1)-type crystal structure. It is found that TBP promises that we would be able to predict phase transition pressure and elastic constants for other chalcogenides as well. The results may be useful for geophysical study.     

The partial catalytic oxidation of toluene on vanadium and molybdenum oxides

The partial catalytic oxidation of toluene on pure and mixed vanadium and molybdenum oxides was studied over the temperature range 300–500°C. The main reaction products were maleic anhydride (MA), benzaldehyde (BA), and carbon oxides (CO _x ) depending on the catalyst composition and reactor temperature. The samples containing more than 50% vanadium were characterized by conversion and selectivity close to those of pure vanadium oxide V₂O₅. Reaction temperature was found to influence the amount of products formed, primarily the amounts of MA and BA. The role played by the generation of the singlet molecular oxygen form in the samples and its influence on the selectivity of the reaction is considered.     

Electronic and optical properties under pressure effect of alkali metal oxides

We report results of first-principles calculations for the electronic and optical properties under pressure effect of Li₂O, Na₂O, Ki₂O and Rb₂O compounds in the cubic antifluorite structure, using a full relativistic version of the full-potential augmented plane-wave plus local orbitals (FP-APW+lo) method based on density functional theory, within the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Moreover, the alternative form of GGA proposed by Engel and Vosko (GGA-EV) is also used for band structure calculations. The calculated equilibrium lattices and bulk moduli are in good agreement with the available data. Band structure, density of states, and pressure coefficients of the fundamental energy gap are given. The critical point structure of the frequency dependent complex dielectric function is also calculated and analyzed to identify the optical transitions. The pressure dependence of the static optical dielectric constant is also investigated.     

Dark resonances in 87Rb atomic vapors interacting with the field of copropagated linearly polarized waves of various frequencies

The results of theoretical and numerical analysis of resonances of coherent population trapping in ⁸⁷Rb atomic vapors, obtained using copropagated linearly polarized waves, are presented. Various schemes for exciting dark resonance are compared with a view to obtaining a new-generation small-size quantum frequency standard.     

Effect of various alkaline-earth metal oxides on the broadband infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped silicate glasses

We report on the effect of various alkaline-earth metal oxides on the broadband infrared luminescence covering 1000-1600 nm wavelength region from bismuth-doped silicate glasses. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the infrared luminescence and the fluorescent lifetime is more than 200 nm and 400 μs, respectively. The fluorescent intensity decreases with increasing basicity of host glasses. Besides the broadband infrared luminescence, luminescence centered at 640 nm was also observed, which should be ascribed to Bi²⁺ rather than to the familiar Bi³⁺. We suggest that the infrared luminescence should be assigned to the transition of BiO molecules dispersed in the host glasses.     

Effect of oxygen partial pressure on PLD cobalt oxide films

Thin CoO oxide layers with superior properties in terms of crystallographic ordering, surface roughness and constant and controlled chemical compositions have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition in reactive O₂ atmosphere at 400 °C. Such systems are particularly suitable both for applications and for basic studies, any time high quality and controlled surfaces are required, for example in multilayered systems whose behaviour critically depends on interface properties, such as magnetically exchange-coupled systems. A structural and microstructural study of such films is presented, together with the compositional analysis for different process conditions. The best control on film stoichiometry was obtained by protecting the surface with a thin Pt cap-layer, before air exposure.     

基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法及实验研究

采用扫描测量方式得到的不相干声场需分解成完全相干的部分场后才能用于近场声全息重建. 现有的方法都是将声压作为参考进行部分场分解. 本文提出以声压梯度作为参考, 并建立一种基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法. 由于声压梯度比声压的衰减速度更快, 受到其他声源和环境噪声的影响比声压小, 所以以声压梯度为参考在分解完全相干的部分场过程中比以声压为参考更具有优势. 通过数值仿真和实验分析, 一方面验证了基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法的正确性和可行性; 同时通过与基于声压参考的部分场分解结果比较, 说明了基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法分解更稳健、结果更精确.     

Magnetic collapse and electronic phase transitions at high pressure in transition metal oxides

A review of electronic and magnetic phase transition in metal oxides with strong electron correlations (SEC) is given. The bandwidth control of the insulator gap is expected in the Hubbard model when the decreasing of the interatomic distance results in the bandwidth W(P) increase and at some critical value P_c, W(P_c)∼U and the Mott–Hubbard gap disappears. The other situation takes place in transition metal boroxides FeBO₃ and GdFe₃(BO₃)₄, where the increase of crystal field parameter Δ(P) results in the high spin–low spin crossover.     

Spectroscopic ellipsometry modeling of ZnO thin films with various O2 partial pressures

ZnO films were deposited on thermally oxidized SiO₂/p-type Si (100) substrates and glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering using a metal Zn target. Three types of samples were prepared with various O₂/(Ar + O₂) ratios (O₂ partial pressure) of 20%, 50%, and 80%. The properties of these ZnO thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral region of 1.7–3.1 eV. The structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films were affected by O₂ partial pressure. Relationships between crystallinity, the ZnO surface roughness layer, and the refractive index (n) were investigated with varying O₂ partial pressure. It was shown that the spectroscopic ellipsometry extracted parameters well represented the ZnO thin film characteristics for different O₂ partial pressures.     

Analysis of the pressure derivatives of the second order elastic constants in alkaline earth oxides

The three body force shell model (TSM) has been applied to evaluate the magnitude of the pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants of alkaline earth oxides and a good agreement with the experimental values has been obtained. It is also pointed out that the calculated values of dC₄₄?dp show a smooth variation with ionicities. The theory has been modified by taking into account next nearest neighbour interaction.     

Anomalous pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of beta-pyrochlore AOs2O6 oxides

High-pressure effects on the superconducting transitions of beta-pyrochlore oxide superconductors AOs(2)O(6) (A = Cs,Rb,K) are studied by measuring resistivity under high pressures up to 10 GPa. The superconducting transition temperature T(c) first increases with increasing pressure in every compound and then exhibits a broad maximum at 7.6 K (6 GPa), 8.2 K (2 GPa), and 10 K (0.6 GPa) for A = Cs, Rb, and K, respectively. Finally, the superconductivity is suppressed completely at a critical pressure near 7 GPa and 6 GPa for A = Rb and K and probably above 10 GPa for A = Cs. Characteristic changes in the coefficient A of the T(2) term in resistivity and residual resistivity are observed, both of which are synchronized with the corresponding change in T(c).     

Observation of chemical reactions between alkaline-earth oxides and tungsten at high pressure and high temperature

The potential chemical reactions of alkaline-earth oxides (AeO with Ae: Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) and tungsten are studied at high pressure and high temperature. At pressures ranging from 5 to 10 GPa and temperatures of 2000 K, a noticeable reaction between AeO and powder tungsten (W) was detected. As a product of the reaction, scheelite-structured orthotungstates (AeWO₄) were formed. The reactivity of alkaline-earth oxides with tungsten increases in the order Ca<Sr<Ba, being the reaction not detected for MgO. Possible chemical reactions leading to the formation of alkaline-earth orthotungstates have been considered. Our results support the conclusion that the most probable reaction occurring under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is AeO+W+3/2 O₂→AeWO₄.