免疫分析法进展

本文首先从试剂分析的观点对免及分析的原理进行了论.述,对抗体作为分析试剂进行了评价并且总结了标记免投分析的三种方式和四个环节;其次,对免疫分析的现状作了综述,并评述了当代免反分析的五个热点:基因工程抗体,生物素一亲合素多重标记体系,时间分辨荧光免疫分析,多组分免疫分析和自动化免疫分析;最后,对免疫分析的发展趋势作了讨论。     

DNA片段的质谱试验中各相关因素的影响分析

利用DNA片断的质谱试验数据,通过分析各相关因素对质谱响应值的影响度,确定了灰色关联分析方法应用于本试验的可行性。并对灰色关联分析、相关分析和回归分析的结果做了比较。结果表明在DNA片段的质谱试验中,应用灰色关联分析能得到满意的分析结果,它克服了相关分析和回归分析等对数据量的要求,是在类似试验中最适合的分析方法。     

量子点电化学发光及其在生物分析中的应用

量子点作为一种新型的电化学发光体具有独特的理化性质,是电化学发光分析领域的研究热点之一.本文简要介绍了量子点电化学发光的机理,回顾了近几年来功能化量子点作为电化学发光体在免疫分析、核酸分析、适体分析、细胞表面聚糖分析等方面的应用,并对其今后的发展方向作了展望.     

基于高效液相色谱-气相色谱联用技术的矿物油分析研究进展

近年来,利用高效液相色谱-气相色谱联用技术(HPLC-GC)分析矿物油的研究发展迅速。矿物油源于石油与合成油,是涵盖一定碳数范围的碳氢化合物,主要分为烷烃和芳烃两大类。矿物油可通过多种途径迁移至食品和环境中,影响人类健康,然而其分析检测面临较大挑战。HPLC-GC(配备氢火焰离子化检测器)通过将净化、分离与检测相结合,很好地解决了矿物油分析中的选择性和灵敏度等问题。该技术的核心是通过保留间隙、Y形件接口和溶剂蒸气排出实现了GC大体积进样,将常规HPLC的洗脱流分全部转移至GC分析,将矿物油的分析灵敏度提高了两个数量级以上;同时避免了分析过程的污染引入,保证了分析的重现性和准确度。本文详细阐述了HPLC-GC的发展历程以及HPLC与GC分析条件的相互匹配,评述了基于HPLC-GC联用技术的干扰物去除与矿物油富集方法,并对HPLC-GC在矿物油分析中应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望。     

毛细管电泳技术在氨基酸分析中的研究进展

对毛细管电泳技术在氨基酸分析中的研究进展进行了综述,分析了直接法和衍生法对氨基酸进行分析的优缺点,详细叙述了毛细管电泳中的紫外、激光诱导荧光、电化学及质谱等检测方法在氨基酸分析中的应用,并重点总结了毛细管电泳在手性氨基酸分离中的应用.     

锂元素的分析方法探讨

总结了国内外关于测定锂元素的分析方法,内容主要包括质量分析法、光谱分析法和波谱分析法,并侧重分析了各种方法的优缺点,指出了提高锂分析结果精度的可能途径。     

仪器分析虚拟实验室的构建与应用研究

在分析当前高校仪器分析实验教学面临的困境以及仪器分析虚拟实验室的优势的基础上,提出了以学生为主体的、分层次的仪器分析虚拟实验室的构建模式,并介绍了该模式在教学中的应用方式,以期充分发挥虚拟实验室对仪器分析实验教学的促进作用。     

便携式气相色谱仪中嵌入式谱峰识别算法设计

设计了嵌入式气相色谱谱峰识别算法,用于便携式气相色谱仪的数据分析处理,现场使用时能够不连接计算机就得出分析结果。该算法提出了用于谱峰识别的序列映射方法,减小了对斜率阈值的依赖,增强了谱峰分析的准确性和稳定性。通过实验对比可知,即使对于复杂组分的样本谱图,该嵌入式分析算法也能较好地分析提取出样品的谱峰数据,其分析结果与实验室色谱工作站软件分析结果非常接近,能够满足用户现场使用的分析需求,提高了便携仪器在现场使用的快捷性和便利性。     

液体推进剂偏二甲肼自动电位滴定分析方法的建立

设计了Metrohm809型自动电位滴定仪分析液体推进剂偏二甲肼的应用程序,解决了程序设计中滴定模式和终点确定方式选择、滴定速度确定等关键性技术问题,考察了环境温度对分析结果的影响,确定了最佳条件,实现了液体推进剂偏二甲肼的自动电位滴定分析。重复性试验和准确度试验表明,自动电位滴定法分析偏二甲肼具有准确度高、精密度好等优点,测量结果完全符合GJB753-89的要求：     

生物油中有机化合物的分析与表征

综述了目前国内外生物油成分分析的状况,重点介绍了红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱、气相色谱、高效液相色谱技术以及波谱-色谱联用技术在生物油有机小分子化合物结构表征方面的应用,评价了这些技术在生物油结构表征方面的作用和价值,并分析了生物油的理化特性及化学结构对检测分析产生的影响。此外,对生物油中的低聚糖和热解木质素等低聚物的分析检测研究也进行了介绍。最后,总结了波谱和色谱技术在生物油检测分析方面存在的主要问题,并对生物油中有机物检测与分析的发展趋势进行了展望。     

药学专业化学实验课程教学改革

以药学专业化学类基础课程的主要内容为基础,以药学类专业的实用发展为指导方向,对实验教学基本内容的整合与实验课程体系的重新构建进行了研究与探讨。     

Observations relative to epithermal and fast neutrons in INAA

Various theoretical and practical aspects of epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) and fast-neutron-induced reaction interferences in conventional instrumental thermal neutron activation analysis (TNAA) have been considered. A new generalized advantage factor which reflects a practical improvement of detection limits in ENAA is proposed. In the determination of practical advantage factors, consideration is also given to the different irradiation channels available for the experiment in a given reactor, or even in several accessible reactors. Fast neutron reaction interference factors are tabulated for both ENAA and TNAA and examples are given of specific interferences in TNAA for some biological and geological matrices.     

化学专业师范生实践性知识水平及影响因素调查研究*

基于自主建构的化学师范生实践性知识水平研究模型,采用自编调查问卷,对河北某高校化学专业271名师范生进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 13.0数据统计分析软件进行数据处理,研究结论如下:(1)化学专业师范生在经过系统的理论学习之后,在实习之前,其实践性知识整体和各维度均处于本研究的中等水平;(2)化学专业师范生实践性知识的5个维度之间具有较强的相关性,各维度在一定程度上相互影响、相互制约;(3)教学经验的积累、大学之前的学习经历、自己敬重和喜欢的老师、优质课的观摩、教学案例分析、微格教学技能训练是影响化学专业师范生实践性知识的主要因素。     

基于OBE理念的高分子材料与工程专业本科生产实习环节中校企的角色

生产实习是高分子材料与工程专业的重要实训环节,肩负着将理论课的学习内容与工程实践密切结合的作用。我们基于OBE(Outcome Based Education,成果导向教育)理念,面向企业人才需求,注重学校与企业之间实训工作的协调,通过增加企业在实习过程中的管理、训练角色权重等举措,改革生产实习的目标定位与管理方式。在明确生产实习产出目标、顺畅对接校企人才供需的不同轨道、缩短学生企业适应期等方面,进行了尝试。同时对实践中遇到的一些新问题,进行了初步思考。     

‘Low-temperature method’ for a dramatic improvement in enantioselectivity in lipase-catalyzed reactions

Temperature control in lipase-catalyzed resolutions has been recently focused attention due to its simplicity and reliability for enhancement of the enantioselectivity. Lowering the reaction temperature usually increases the enantioselectivity. Lipase immobilized on porous ceramics was found to greatly accelerate the low-temperature reaction, and made the method practical. Our discovery, properties, and practical uses are summarized, and its applications are reviewed.     

Chemistry as a practical science: Edward Caldin revisited

This is an attempt to take a look at chemistry from the point of view of practical realism. Besides its social–historical and normative aspects, the latter involves a direct reference to experimental research. According to Edward Caldin chemistry depends on our being able to isolate pure substances with reproducible properties. Thus, the very basis of chemistry is practical. Even the laws of chemistry are not stable but are subject to correction. At the same time, these statements do not necessarily make Edward Caldin a predecessor of practical realism. The latter has other predecessors, like Rom Harré’s policy realism or Sami Pihlström’s pragmatic realism. Chemistry is an experimental science. The experiment is a purposeful and critically theory-guided constructive, manipulative, material interference with nature according to Rein Vihalemm, the founder of practical realism. Chemistry is physics-like science but just partly so. This is an important point in the context of the current paper.     

Chemistry as a practical science (Edward Caldin Revisited)

This is an attempt to take a look at chemistry from the point of view of practical realism. Besides its social–historical and normative aspects, the latter involves a direct reference to experimental research. According to Edward Caldin chemistry depends on our being able to isolate pure substances with reproducible properties. Thus, the very basis of chemistry is practical. Even the laws of chemistry are not stable but are subject to correction. At the same time, these statements do not necessarily make Edward Caldin a predecessor of practical realism. The latter has other predecessors, like Rom Harré’s policy realism or Sami Pihlström’s pragmatic realism. Chemistry is an experimental science. The experiment is a purposeful and critically theory-guided constructive, manipulative, material interference with nature according to Rein Vihalemm, the founder of practical realism. Chemistry is physics-like science but just partly so. This is an important point in the context of the current paper.     

Determination of selenium in animal tissue samples using radioisotope induced X-ray fluorescence

A summary of sources of background affecting gamma-ray spectrometers and methods for eliminating each are discussed, along with practical cost/benefit ratios. Background contributed by samples generally defines practical levels for system background. The practical bottom line can be obtained for relatively modest costs. A realistic bottom line is attained in underground systems when the major contributions to the background come from cosmogenically produced⁶⁸Ge and double-beta decay of⁷⁶Ge in the detector. The true bottom line is reached with isotopically enriched detectors that eliminate these two chemically inseparable radioactive impurities. Data from isotopically enriched detectors are presented.     

Retention indices in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

The use of retention indices in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is evaluated both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. Fundamental equations for the determination of retention indices in MEKC are described, showing that retention indices are independent of the surfactant concentration. Possibilities as well as limitations of different homologous series as reference standards are described. In addition, the practical application of retention indices for identification, investigation of solute-micelle interactions, characterization and classification of pseudo-stationary phases and determination of solute lipophilicity are discussed.