农林高校基础化学多层次课程体系和教学内容的改革与实践

以农林高校基础化学课程体系和教学内容改革为抓手,构建了农科特色鲜明的多层次课程体系,优化设计了教学内容,增强了教学的针对性,突出了学生个性的发展,为农科院校创新人才的培养奠定了重要的化学基础。     

酰胺基团对Gemini表面活性剂表面活性和聚集行为的影响

本文合成了含酰胺基团和不含酰胺基团的两类Gemini阳离子表面活性剂,测定了其表面活性参数,研究了酰胺基团对表面活性剂的表面活性和聚集行为的影响。结果表明,酰胺基团提高了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度,降低了胶团聚集数,增强了胶团微极性,增大了表面活性剂的饱和吸附量。     

前言

自20世纪初期,德国化学家EmilFischer首先合成了甘氨酸二肽片段,并第一次提出“peptide”（多肽）这一名词,多肽化学的研究已经历了100多年的发展．1953年,Vigneand小组首次完成了生物活性肽催产素的合成,并因此于1955年获得了诺贝尔化学奖．1963年,Merrifield提出了多肽固相合成法,并发明了第一台多肽自动合成仪,大大简化了多肽合成的流程、提高了合成的效率,从而促使多肽化学实现了飞跃式发展,Merrifield也因此获得了1984年诺贝尔化学奖．1965年,我国科学家完成了牛结晶胰岛素的合成,     

食品安全与健康——深圳市卫生部门食品安全保障体系

回顾了国际国内的食品安全问题以及管理现状,着重介绍了深圳市卫生部门食品安全保障工作.近几年,深圳市有效运行了食品污染物监测网络,基本掌握了食品安全存在的问题,通过对问题食品的追溯,从根本上着手解决问题,控制了污染食品进入餐桌;以风险评估作为科学手段,做好重点食品污染物的监测预警;引导和提醒消费者提高自我保护意识,为政府制定相关决策提供了依据,从而显著地减少了食源性疾病的发生,有效地保障了公众的身体健康.     

分析化学实验课程教学大纲的标准化改造与构建

基于工程教育专业认证标准的要求,结合专业课程的特点,对我校制药工程专业的分析化学实验教学大纲进行了标准化改造。标准化的教学大纲更加突出了专业适用性,关联了教学要求与教学内容和考核评定,增加了考核量化指标与课程持续改进的方式,进一步规范了分析化学实验课程的教学。标准教学大纲的构建为实验教学活动提供了更加明确的指导,有利于缩小不同教师教学的差异性,保证了实验教学的质量,为建立可持续完善的工程类实验教学标准体系提供了具体参考。     

新课程改革背景下南宁市高中化学教师素质现状的调查与分析

在高中新课程改革的背景下,利用自行设计的问卷,对南宁市高中化学教师素质进行了调查,分析了其素质现状和特点,探索了素质优化途径,并根据调查结果,提出了相应的建议。     

储氢合金电极的表面修饰研究

利用等离子体技术对AA型MH/Ni电池的储氢合金电极进行了镀覆导电膜层的表面修饰,用XRD及SEM对电极结构进行了表征.极片经过表面修饰的电池,其内阻降低了24％,放电容量有了明显提高,5C (7.5 A) 放电容量提高了200 mA•h,放电平台电压提高了约0.14 V,导电膜层还起到了电极保护层的作用,抑制了合金的粉化,提高了电池的循环稳定性.同时,电池内压显著降低,电池性能有了较大改善.     

非理想气体的逸度因子和非理想溶液的活度系数

对单组分非理想气体,推导了它的逸度因子的微分方程式。对多组分非理想气体,推导了各组分逸度因子满足的微分方程式,定义了一个总逸度因子,并找到了总逸度因子和各组分逸度因子之间的关系。同样,对非理想溶液,推导了各组分活度系数满足的微分方程式,定义了非理想溶液的总活度系数,并找到了两者满足的关系。最后分析了逸度因子和活度系数之间的异同点。     

微粒运动实验创新设计与改进

对微粒运动实验的仪器、用品作了改进,重新设计实验装置,使实验装置达到了小型化、封闭化、简洁化,实验达到了绿色环保要求,满足了大面积的学生探究实验操作使用,取得了良好的效益。     

过氧化氢对8-氨基喹啉衍生物-铜和钴荧光体系的增敏作用及机理研究

本文介绍了新合成的8-氨基喹啉三系列衍生物,系统研究了它们与铜和钴的荧光反应,发现了试剂取代结构对其荧光性能的影响规律,试验了过氧化氢对铜、钴荧光体系的影响,发现了其增敏作用,探讨了增敏机理。     

富锌排铅咀嚼片安全性毒理学评价

对富锌排铅咀嚼片(RZLR)进行了急性毒性试验、Ames试验、骨髓微核试验、精子畸形试验和30 d喂养试验。结果表明,小鼠急性毒性LD50(BW)>21 500 mg/kg,属无毒级;Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、精子畸形试验和30 d喂养试验结果均为阴性;30 d喂养试验也未显示明显毒性。本研究证实RZLR是一种安全、无毒副作用的保健食品。     

Evaluation of the disintegration properties of commercial famotidine 20 mg orally disintegrating tablets using a simple new test and human sensory test

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness and broad-applicability of a simple disintegration test method for orally disintegrating tablets (ODT). Eight types of commercial famotidine 20 mg orally disintegrating tablets with different physical properties (formulation, manufacturing method, tablet weight, shape, diameter, thickness, etc.), were used. Disintegration times of these tablets were evaluated employing human sensory test, conventional disintegration test, and the new proposed disintegration test. The human sensory test was performed in 5 healthy volunteers. In the conventional disintegration test, the disintegration apparatus described in the Japanese Pharmacopeia (JP 1(st)) was used. Our proposed new test which is characterized by a rotating shaft with a low weight (10, 15 g) and rotation speed (10, 25, 50 rpm) was evaluated using tablets with and without storage under severe conditions (60 degrees C/75%RH for 1 week). The disintegration times of famotidine 20 mg orally disintegrating tablets in human sensory test varied from 9 to 32 s. In contrast, disintegration times in the conventional test were prolonged to over 300 s. Disintegration times in the new proposed test were close to those in human sensory test. Especially, when the new test was conducted with 15 or 10 g weight and 25 rpm, the slope (human sensory test vs. new proposed test) was almost 1. We were able to demonstrate that the new proposed test was useful to estimate the actual human disintegration time.     

Evaluation of thermodynamic consistency of isobaric and isothermal binary vapor–liquid equilibrium data using the PAI test II,alcohol + n-alkane, +aromatic, +cycloalkane systems

The thermodynamic consistency of binary vapor–liquid equilibrium data has been examined for 46 binary alcohol + hydrocarbon systems with 310 data sets in total (145 isobaric and 165 isothermal sets) using the PAI test proposed in our previous study. The PAI test permits an overall check of the data by combining three tests: a point test, an area test, and an infinite dilution test. In this work, the PAI test was incorporated with the NRTL equation for fitting data. The results of the PAI test for the vapor–liquid equilibrium data showed that the PAI test was able to strictly select reliable data.     

Isochores merit the prefix 'iso'

The isochore concept in the human genome sequence was challenged in an analysis by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC). We argue here that a statement in the IHGSC's analysis concerning the existence of isochores is misleading, because the homogeneity was not examined at a large enough length scale and consequently an inappropriate statistical test was applied. A test of the existence of isochores should be equivalent to a test of homogeneity or equality of windowed GC%. The statistical test applied in the IHGSC's analysis, the binomial test, is a test of whether individual bases are independent and identically-distributed (iid). For testing the existence of isochores, or homogeneity in windowed GC%, we propose to use another statistical test: the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It can be shown that DNA sequences that are rejected by the binomial test may not be rejected by the ANOVA test.     

车用塑料耐刮擦测试方法概述

耐刮擦测试是汽车内外饰塑料零件质量控制的一项重要指标。介绍了耐刮擦测试原理,刮擦头、负载、样品与刮擦头相对运动状态等是决定测试方法的关键技术要素,评价塑料耐刮擦性的方法分为目视法及仪器测量法。综述了五指刮擦法、硬度试验笔刮擦法、网格刮擦法、摩擦色牢度刮擦法及其他刮擦法测试方法,分析和总结了不同测试方法的特点和应用范围。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱同时测定不锈钢食用器皿铬、镍、镉溶出量

用4％醋酸溶液浸泡取自不锈钢食用器皿钢片样品，在室温条件下浸泡24h，将浸泡液按6：1浓缩．通过优化试验确定实验条件，用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪准确测定浸泡液中Cr、Ni、Cd的浓度。实验过程操作简单，多种元素同时测定节约试验时间，精密度试验和回收率试验说明该方法检测结果准确可靠。     

茶叶中联苯菊酯、毒死蜱残留量的测定能力验证分析

介绍了组织全国多个行业102家实验室参加茶叶中联苯菊酯、毒死蜱残留量的测定能力验证的情况.选用自然基体测试样品,分别采用F检验和t检验法检验样本的均匀性和稳定性,采用稳健统计技术对试验结果进行了分析.时残留量测定的关键技术进行了讨论.     

Validation of the Charm MRL-3 for fast screening of beta-lactam antibiotics in raw milk

The biochemicals utilized in the Charm MRL beta-Lactam test (8 min test) were applied to faster flowing lateral components to create a new 3 min, one-step beta-lactam test called Charm MRL-3 (Charm Sciences Inc., Lawrence, MA). This new test was validated at T&V-ILVO according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The following analytical parameters were checked: test specificity, detection capability, and test robustness (impact of deviation of the test protocol, and impact of the milk composition, batch differences of reagents). Further, the suitability of the Charm MRL-3 to screen heat-treated milk or milk from animal species other than the cow was also tested. Finally, the test was integrated in the monitoring of dairy samples to check the occurrence of false-negative or false-positive results, and the test was also included in a national ring trial and an international proficiency study. The results proved that the Charm MRL-3 is a fast, simple, and reliable cows' milk test that can be used at the farm level in order to prevent tanker milk contamination, or at the entrance of the dairy plant to screen tanker milk for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics.     

t,F显著性检验应用中的一个问题

文章就ｔ，Ｆ显著性检验在同一个问题上检验判断的不一致性，提出在对一种分析结果（或测试结果）实施鉴定时，有必要同时进行ｔ，Ｆ的联合检验，而只有当联合检验一同被接受之后，所作用出的判定结论才是完整和可信赖的。     

High sensitivity binary gas integrity test for membrane filters

A novel non-destructive integrity test for microporous and ultraporous membranes has been developed that is far more sensitive to detecting defects than a conventional gas–liquid diffusion test. The test developed here uses a binary gas mixture and is based on the principle of differing gas permeabilities through the liquid layer of a wetted membrane that results in a concentration enhancement of the faster permeating gas. In an integral membrane, the permeate composition can be predicted based on the transport properties of the gases permeating through the liquid layer and the known operating conditions. A deviation from the expected concentration is an indication of the presence of a defect or open pores. Unlike the gas–liquid diffusion test, the binary gas test has low sensitivity to membrane porosity, liquid layer thickness, and membrane area. Consequently, integral devices will exhibit a relatively narrow range of test values, resulting in a superior defect signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, a binary gas integrity test method was developed and applied to a newly developed virus clearance filter. The binary gas test was demonstrated to provide a significantly higher level of virus retention assurance compared to the air–water diffusion test, and can be implemented by the filter manufacturer as an additional quality assurance test prior to shipping the product to users.