偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程

 通过研究在间歇悬浮体系中直接偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程,确定了最佳降解条件. 同时测定了染料溶液的脱色率、COD去除率和矿化率以考察降解过程中脱色与矿化的关系. 另外,对降解过程中溶液pH值的变化及反应的可能中间体进行分析,结果表明: 刚果红染料分子的光催化降解过程分为脱色和矿化两个阶段. 矿化主要发生在脱色结束以后, 并且伴随着脱色溶液的酸化现象. 脱色过程进行较快,完全脱色后形成的中间产物需要较长时间才能被逐步矿化.     

TiO2光催化/月莫分离耦合过程降解偶氮染料废水

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用酸性溶胶法在低温下(<1000℃)制备了纳米级TiO2粉末,X射线衍射分析表明,样品为锐钛矿型,晶粒尺寸为3.6nm.以250W紫外灯为光源,在自制悬浮式光催化膜反应器中进行降解活性艳红X-3B有机染料废水实验,采用尼龙6(N6)和混合纤维素(CN-CA)两类微滤膜对TiO2颗粒进行截留分离.综合考察了影响光催化和膜分离效率的因素.结果表明,反应起始pH值和催化剂用量对光催化膜反应器运行性能影响很大,该耦合体系的最佳pH值为4,染料和催化剂最佳浓度比为2:1,0.45和0.22μm的CN-CA膜对TiO2颗粒截留率可达96.5%以上.     

Degradation of Azo Dye Acid Red 88 by Gas Phase Dielectric Barrier Discharges

The degradation of an azo dye, acid red 88 (AR88) in aqueous solutions by a gas-phase dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system was investigated. The reactive species generated from the DBD system such as OH^• radical, ozone and hydrogen peroxide were measured. The effects of various parameters such as gas flow rate, initial pH, input power, initial concentration of AR88 and the gas source on the degradation of AR88 were studied. The results show that OH^• radical was the major reactive species generated when 100% relative humidity (RH) air was used. An aqueous solution of 25 mg L⁻¹ AR88 was 96.3% degraded in 5 min treatment, and 68% of the initial total organic carbon was removed in 90 min treatment with 100% RH air at 60 W input power and 7 L min⁻¹ gas flow rate. The degradation kinetics of AR88 followed a pseudo-first-order reaction and was dependent on the input power, gas flow rate, initial AR88 concentration and initial pH.     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B染料

光催化氧化;负载型纳米光催化剂;负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B染料     

Enhancement of Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2 by Supporting on Clinoptilolite in the Decolorization of Azo Dye Direct Yellow 12 Aqueous Solutions

Structure and physico‐chemical properties of a photocatalyst, especially surface area and absorption ability, were correlated to catalytic activities in photodegradation of dye pollutants in water. In this investigation photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Direct yellow 12 (Chrysophenine G) in water was studied. Titanium(IV) oxide was supported on Clinoptilolite (CP) (Iranian Natural Zeolite) using solid‐state dispersion (SSD) method. The results show that the TiO₂/Clinoptilolite (SSD) is an active photocatalyst. The maximum effect of photo degradation was observed at 10 wt.% TiO₂, 90 wt.% Clinoptilolite. A first order reaction with k = 0.0108 min^?1 was observed. The effects of some parameters such as pH, amount of photocatalyst, initial concentration of dye were examined.     

对甲基苯磺酸废水光催化氧化处理的正交试验研究(英文)

在TiO2悬浮体系下,采用对甲基苯磺酸模拟废水进行半导体光催化氧化降解静态试验;利用正交试验研究了光催化氧化降解的主要影响因素(pH值、催化剂用量、光照强度、光照时间).结果表明:在一定条件下,催化剂投加量、溶液pH、照射光强度及光照时间均存在一个最佳值;依据其影响对甲基苯磺酸废水光催化降解反应的大小,各因素排列顺序为:光照时间(光照强度(初始pH(催化剂用量.在试验最佳条件下(pH=3,催化剂用量80 mg.L-1,光照强度500 W,光照时间120 min),对甲基苯磺酸能够完全降解.     

环境激素邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的光催化降解机理探讨

环境激素邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的光催化降解机理探讨;邻苯二甲酸二丁酯;光催化降解;降解机理;二氧化钛     

TiO_2光催化/膜分离耦合过程降解偶氮染料废水

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用酸性溶胶法在低温下(<100oC)制备了纳米级TiO2粉末,X射线衍射分析表明,样品为锐钛矿型,晶粒尺寸为3.6nm.以250W紫外灯为光源,在自制悬浮式光催化膜反应器中进行降解活性艳红X-3B有机染料废水实验,采用尼龙6(N6)和混合纤维素(CN-CA)两类微滤膜对TiO2颗粒进行截留分离.综合考察了影响光催化和膜分离效率的因素.结果表明,反应起始pH值和催化剂用量对光催化膜反应器运行性能影响很大,该耦合体系的最佳pH值为4,染料和催化剂最佳浓度比为2:1,0.45和0.22μm的CN-CA膜对TiO2颗粒截留率可达96.5%以上.     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

 以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO2／SiO2光催化剂．用XRD,SEM和UV－Vis等对催化剂的物相、形貌及TiO2负载量进行了表征,并通过可溶性染料活性艳红X－3B的降解反应,考察了其光催化活性．实验结果表明,当选用16．79％TiO2／SiO2光催化剂时,活性艳红X－3B溶液的脱色率可达93％以上．     

Using of TiO2/Ag2O Nanocomposite in Degradation of Acid Red 18 Dye in Photoreactor by Taguchi Experimental Design

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - In this paper, the sol–gel method has been use to synthesized TiO2/Ag2O nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Acid Red 18 (AR18) in...     

BiVO4‐TiO2 Composite Photocatalysts for Dye Degradation Formed Using the SILAR Method

Composite photocatalyst films have been fabricated by depositing BiVO₄ upon TiO₂ via a sequential ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) method. The photocatalytic materials were investigated by XRD, TEM, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), XPS, photoluminescence and Mott–Schottky analyses. SILAR processing was found to deposit monoclinic‐scheelite BiVO₄ nanoparticles onto the surface, giving successive improvements in the films′ visible light harvesting. Electrochemical and valence band XPS studies revealed that the prepared heterojunctions have a type II band structure, with the BiVO₄ conduction band and valence band lying cathodically shifted from those of TiO₂. The photocatalytic activity of the films was measured by the decolourisation of the dye rhodamine 6G using λ>400 nm visible light. It was found that five SILAR cycles was optimal, with a pseudo‐first‐order rate constant of 0.004 min^?1. As a reference material, the same SILAR modification has been made to an inactive wide‐band‐gap ZrO₂ film, where the mismatch of conduction and valence band energies disallows charge separation. The photocatalytic activity of the BiVO₄–ZrO₂ system was found to be significantly reduced, highlighting the importance of charge separation across the interface. The mechanism of action of the photocatalysts has also been investigated, in particular the effect of self‐sensitisation by the model organic dye and the ability of the dye to inject electrons into the photocatalyst′s conduction band.     

尼罗红在离子表面活性剂水溶液中的荧光特性

尼罗红(NR)分子具有大的芳香环和基态时可与水分子形成氢键的吸电子基, 它对增溶在表面活性剂胶束栅栏层的环境尤其敏感, 在十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(C12TABr)胶束水溶液中表现为双重荧光, 最大发射波长分别位于578和630 nm. 十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)胶束的反离子解离度大于C12TABr胶束, 这不仅增大了NR周边环境的极性, 也增多了溶剂化水, 导致与NR氢键作用增强, 荧光强度低于C12TABr, 但有效促进了分子内扭转电荷转移(TICT)激发态形成, 其布居甚至可达到98%以上, 表观上仅出现了在634 nm的单重荧光峰. NR对环境的敏感特性很好地反映了Gemini表面活性剂初始形成胶束的残缺结构信息, 是检测这类具有强烈相互作用两亲分子聚集行为的良好探针.     

Preparation and Characterization of K6ZrW11O39Sn‐TiO2 Composite Catalyst for Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Dye Solutions

A novel photocatalyst, K₆ZrW₁₁O₃₉Sn ^.12H₂O (ZrW₁₁Sn ), was synthesized in our previous study. However, the utilization of ZrW₁₁Sn was extremely limited because of its high solubility in water. A novel composite catalyst, ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ , was synthesized and characterized in this study. ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ is of nanometer‐scale and has a structure similar to that of anatase TiO₂ . The forbidden energy zone of ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ is less than that of the synthesized pure TiO₂ , while its specific surface area is larger. The photocatalytic activities of ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ were evaluated by its degradation of monoazo, disazo, anthraquinone, and three aryl methane dyes with solar irradiation in heterogeneous aqueous solutions. Results indicate that ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ has higher photocatalytic activity than the synthesized pure TiO₂ , commercial anatase TiO₂ , H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ , and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ doped TiO₂ . The optimum doping concentration of ZrW₁₁Sn and the calcination temperature were 1.8 wt % (ZrW₁₁Sn ) and 400°C, respectively. ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ showed a considerably high photocatalytic stability. When a Reactive Black 5 solution (200 mL , 10 mg/L; initial pH 6) with ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ (0.2 g/L) was irradiated for 60 min with simulated sunlight, the decoloration rate was >98% even after four cycles. ZrW₁₁Sn‐TiO₂ exhibited a better settling property than commercial TiO₂ , which made further separation treatment easier.     

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素红的吸附行为

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素红的吸附行为;柱撑膨润土;吸附;茜素红;动力学;热力学     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol in Aqueous Medium Using TiO2 Prepared by the Sol–Gel Method

Two titania photocatalysts have been prepared using the sol–gel method using TiCl₄ as a precursor, and two different alcohols, namely, ethanol or propanol (Et or Pr). The main aim of this work was to study the effect of the nature of the alcohol on the chemical, structural and photocatalytic properties for paracetamol photodegradation of the final solids. The TiCl₄/alcohol molar ratio to obtain the corresponding alkoxides (TiEt and TiPr) was 1/10. These alkoxides were calcined at 400 °C to prepare the oxide catalysts (named as TiEt400 and TiPr400). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) of the original samples showed the presence of anatase diffraction peaks in sample TiPr, while TiEt is a completely amorphous material. Contrary to commercial TiO₂-P25, the PXRD diagrams of the calcined samples showed anatase as the exclusive crystalline phase in both solids. The specific surface area (S_BET) of sample TiPr400 was larger than that of sample TiEt400, and both larger than that of TiO₂-P25. The three solids have been tested in the photodegradation of paracetamol in aqueous solution. It has been established that the alcohol used influences the properties and catalytic activity of the final oxides. The synthesized solids exhibit a higher activity than commercial TiO₂-P25, because of their structural characteristics and larger S_BET.     

Doping of TiO2–GO and TiO2–rGO with Noble Metals: Synthesis,Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance for Azo Dye Discoloration

The nanocomposites of titania coupled with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), respectively, were prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis with urea. Graphene was obtained by effect of high‐intensity cavitation field on natural graphite in the presence of strong aprotic solvents in pressurized ultrasonic reactor. The morphology of TiO₂–GO and TiO₂–rGO composites was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption was used for determination of surface area (BET) and porosity. Raman and IR spectroscopy were used for qualitative analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was employed to estimate band‐gap energies. Further enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was attained by codoping of composites with noble metals—Au, Pd and Pt. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂–GO and TiO₂–rGO were assessed by photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry under UV and visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of noble metals codoped samples was determined with decomposition of Reactive Black 5 azo dye.     

SiO2负载的TiO2光催化剂可见光催化降解染料污染物

 采用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2负载的TiO2光催化剂,考察了制备条件对负载型TiO2光催化剂的晶相、结构、比表面积和可见光催化活性的影响. 结果表明,采用SiO2为载体时,TiO2以纳米颗粒的形态分散在载体表面,负载型TiO2/SiO2催化剂的比表面积大、等电点低而且热稳定性能良好. 偶氮染料酸性橙7的可见光催化降解实验结果表明,染料污染物在催化剂表面的吸附是影响催化剂可见光催化活性的重要因素. 与试剂TiO2样品相比,负载型TiO2/SiO2光催化剂具有更好的光催化活性和沉降性能.     

掺杂铈对玻璃表面TiO2薄膜上油酸光催化降解的影响

采用旋转涂膜工艺,以溶胶－凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了掺杂铈的ＴｉＯ２薄膜,利用高压液相色谱、紫外－可见光分光光度计、扫描电镜和能谱仪等手段对掺杂铈的ＴｉＯ２薄膜者了表征,考察了掺杂铈对油酸光催化妥效率及ＴｉＯ２薄膜表面晶粒分布的影响,并对薄膜的化学成分进行了定性和定量分析,结果表明,掺杂３％Ｃｅ的ＴｉＯ２薄膜对油酸有最高的光催化降解效率,４００℃为掺杂铈ＴｉＯ２薄膜的最佳热处理温度。     

脉冲辐解技术研究偶氮染料甲基橙水相降解的微观机理

采用纳秒级脉冲辐解技术研究了偶氮染料甲基橙在水溶液中与羟基 (·OH)、水合电子 (e-aq)、氢原子 (·H)的反应 .对反应产生的瞬态图谱作了归属 ,提出了相应的反应机理 ,并通过准一级动力学模拟 ,首次求得了甲基橙与这三个瞬态粒子的反应速率常数 .研究表明 :·OH ,e-aq和·H均能破坏甲基橙中的偶氮～苯环的共轭基团 ,导致其脱色 .·OH主要加成到甲基橙的偶氮键和带甲氨基的苯环上 ,形成相应的加成物 ;e-aq则主要进攻与磺酸根相连的苯环 ,生成的阴离子自由基迅速质子化成偕腙肼自由基 ;·H进攻甲基橙形成含肼撑结构的自由基 .甲基橙与·OH ,e-aq和·H的反应速率常数分别为 5 7× 10 9,7 2× 10 9和 1 2× 10 10 dm3 ·mol-1·s-1.这些结果将有助于人们进一步了解偶氮染料降解的本质 ,从而为该类染料废水的降解处理提供理论基础 .