含磺酸基团的含氟嵌段共聚物的溶液性能及其应用

利用原子转移自由基聚合以及随后的磺化反应合成了一系列具有不同含氟量和磺化度的嵌段共聚物P(SSt b FNEMA) (PSSF) .通过溶液粘度和表面张力的测定 ,研究了该含氟嵌段共聚物独特的溶液行为 .实验结果表明 ,PSSF能显著降低N 甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的表面张力 .然而 ,与N 甲基吡咯烷酮溶液的表面性能不同 ,PSSF不能显著地降低水溶液的表面张力 ;当PSSF中和成钠盐后 ,水溶液的表面张力趋于一致 .进一步通过TEM、1 H NMR考察了PSSF在不同溶液中的形态 ,发现PSSF在水溶液中以核壳结构存在 ,而在N 甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中主要以胶束的形式存在 .初步考察了PSSF对聚氨酯脲 丙烯酸酯 (PUA)复合水分散液的改性效果 ,发现只需加入少量的PSSF ,就可使PUA膜的吸水率从原来的 10wt%下降到 4wt% .     

原子转移自由基聚合合成甲基丙烯酸丁酯与丙烯酸全氟烷基乙酯两嵌段共聚物及其性能的研究

通过原子转移聚合合成了大分子引发剂PBMA Br及系列含氟两嵌段共聚物P(BMA b FAEM) ,并利用1 H NMR、F EA、GPC、FTIR对其结构进行了表征 .所合成的含氟嵌段共聚物膜具有低临界表面张力 .本文通过接触角的测定研究了含氟两嵌段共聚物的憎水、憎油性能与共聚物的含氟量 ,热处理温度 ,热处理时间的关系 ,结果表明含氟嵌段PFAEM具有向空气 聚合物界面富集的倾向 ,在共聚物中引入含氟嵌段可以明显提高共聚物的憎水、憎油性 .当含氟嵌段达 7 6wt%时 ,临界表面张力 (γc =18 7mN m)已与聚四氟乙烯相当 (γc=18 5mN m) ,显示出明显的低表面能特征     

Detection of free surface composition and molecular-level structural development of styrene(S)/butadiene(B) block copolymer films during a solution-to-film process

The surface chemical structure development in solution-cast styrene(S)/butadiene(B) block copolymer films as a function of solvent evaporation time was investigated using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG).The surface structure formation of the styrene(S)/butadien(B) block copolymer(30 wt% PS) films during the solution-to-film process was found to be controlled mainly by dynamic factors,such as the mobility of the PB block in solution.For SB diblock copolymers,a pure PB surface layer was formed only when the film was cast by dilute toluene solution.With increasing concentration of casting solution,PB and PS components were found to coexist on the film surface,and the morphology of the PB component on the film surface changed from cylindrical rods to spheres.For SBS triblock copolymers,a small amount of PS component existed on the surface even if the film was cast by 1.0 wt% toluene solution.In addition,PS components at the outermost layer of the film increased and the length of PB cylindrical rods on the surface decreased with increasing concentration of casting solution.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new fluorinated macroinitiator and its diblock copolymer by AGET ATRP

A new fluorinated macroinitiator of poly 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate-Br (PHFMA-Br) was prepared via activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP), and then a series of fluorinated block copolymers with different fluorine content were successfully synthesized from the macroinitiator by the second step AGET ATRP. GPC, FTIR and ¹H NMR data obtained verified the synthesis. Contact angle measurement indicated that proper fluorine content could decrease the surface energy and increase the contact angle of the copolymer films. XPS characterization showed that the large difference in surface energy between the block and random copolymer film resulted from the difference of the fluorine content on the surface, although the fluorine content of the two copolymers in bulk was similar. The self-assembly behavior of the fluorinated block copolymer in selective solvents was evaluated by the TEM study, and the stable micelles with a core-shell structure were observed when the copolymer content was about 1 wt%.     

New fluorinated oxazoline block copolymer lowers the adhesion of platelets on polyurethane surfaces

We have prepared an amphiphilic oxazoline block copolymer of hydrophilic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and hydrophobic poly[2-(2-perfluorooctyl)ethyl-2-oxazoline] chains. By controlling the length and composition of polymer chains, we found that this fluorinated block copolymer can be readily dissolved in water. Furthermore, we can achieve a stable surface coating of the fluorinated block copolymer by dissolving the copolymer in water, then coating the aqueous copolymer solution onto surfaces of nonwater-soluble polymers. This is a simple and useful method of modifying the surface character of polymer substrates. We have found that the polyether urethane (PEU) coated by block copolymer has a different surface chemistry and biological reactivity than the uncoated PEU. From XPS analysis, we found the fluorinated copolymer was coated on PEU (atomic % of F: 31.3 on coated PEU, 0.3 on uncoated). The two surfaces have different affinities for biological molecules. Specifically, the fibrinogen adsorption on the fluorinated copolymer-coated PEU was 62 ± 39 ng/cm², compared to a value of 156 ± 99 ng/cm² for uncoated PEU. In an ex vivo evaluation of platelet adhesion, the surface of coated PEU attached a few white cells while uncoated PEU was covered with activated platelets. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and applications of novel fluorinated dendrimer-type copolymers by the use of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide as a key intermediate

Fluoroalkanoyl peroxide reacted with 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TTRV-Si) to afford fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers containing some unreacted vinyl segments under very mild conditions. Fluoroalkyl end-capped cyclosiloxane oligomers containing some vinyl segments thus obtained reacted with N,N-dimethylacrylamide and fluoroalkanoyl peroxide to afford new fluorinated dendrimer-type block copolymers in good isolated yield. Similar reactions were also occurred by the use of 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane instead of TTRV-Si, and the corresponding fluorinated dendrimer-type block copolymer was obtained in good isolated yield. These fluorinated dendrimer-type block copolymers had an excellent solubility not only in water but also in traditional organic solvents including aliphatic fluorinated solvents. Interestingly, these fluorinated block copolymers were found to form the self-assembled dendrimer-type polymeric aggregates in aqueous solutions. More interestingly, these fluorinated block copolymers had an extremely higher dispersion ability of not only single-walled carbon nanotube and fullerenes but also magnetic nanoparticles into water, compared to that of the corresponding two fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers.     

ROD-LIKE AGGREGATES FROM POLYSTYRENE-b-POLY(4-VINYLPYRIDINE)-b-POLYSTYRENE TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER IN AQUEOUS MEDIA

INTRODUCTIONRecently, solution-state assembly of block copolymers has attracted much interest. On the one hand, theversatility of morphology control can be used for the preparation of unique nanostructured materials with variousarchitectures[1-8]. On the other hand, some self-assembled structures are biomimetic[9,10]. The balance betweenthree major forces acting on the system affects block copolymer morphologies in solutions[11,12]. These threeforces include the stretching of the core-for…     

B段选择性成膜溶剂对 ABC 型氟化三嵌段共聚物氟化组分表面富集行为的影响

利用ATRP技术合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(或聚甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯)-b-聚(甲基丙烯酸2-全氟辛基乙酯)(PMMA230-b-PBMA12(或PODMA12)-b-PFMAn)嵌段共聚物.通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、动态光散射(DLS)等技术研究了中间段选择性成膜溶剂对氟化...     

Electrospinning of a functional perfluorinated block copolymer as a powerful route for imparting superhydrophobicity and corrosion resistance to aluminum substrates

Superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces with excellent corrosion resistance were successfully prepared by electrospinning of a novel fluorinated diblock copolymer solution. Micro- and nanostructuration of the diblock copolymer coating was obtained by electrospinning which proved to be an easy and cheap electrospinning technology to fabricate superhydrophobic coating. The diblock copolymer is made of poly(heptadecafluorodecylacrylate-co-acrylic acid) (PFDA-co-AA) random copolymer as the first block and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the second one. The fluorinated block promotes hydrophobicity to the surface by reducing the surface tension, while its carboxylic acid functions anchor the polymer film onto the aluminum surface after annealing at 130 °C. The PAN block of this copolymer insures the stability of the structuration of the surface during annealing, thanks to the infusible character of PAN. It is also demonstrated that the so-formed superhydrophobic coating shows good adhesion to aluminum surfaces, resulting in excellent corrosion resistance.     

POSS基杂化含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物涂膜的表面相分离与疏水性研究

采用自由基溶液聚合法成功合成了多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)基杂化含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物,并采用核磁共振仪(NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)表征了共聚物,其中POSS和含氟单体分步加入到反应中.首先将共聚物溶解到三氟三氯乙烷(F113)和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂中配制成溶液,然后通过直接在玻璃片上滴落共聚物溶液制备了共聚物涂膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪考察了F113和乙酸乙酯的配比对共聚物涂膜表面形貌、表面元素组成、表面粗糙度以及表面疏水性的影响.实验数据表明POSS在表面能够聚集成纳米颗粒并能极大增强涂膜表面粗糙度和疏水性.共聚物表面同时存在POSS聚集与有机相微相分离两类相分离行为,并形成了复合粗糙结构.虽然POSS和含氟段竞争迁移到表面,但是随着混合溶剂中F113的增多,涂膜表面含氟量越来越多,同时POSS在表面的聚集体越来越少,表面平均粗糙度越来越小,最终涂膜的疏水性越来越强,这说明F113有助于提升氟的趋表迁移能力,使涂膜表面含氟链段占据较多的表面空间,从而抑制了POSS在表面聚集分布.当使用纯F113作为溶剂时,共聚物涂膜的表面氟含量为45.25%,平均粗糙度为93.4 nm,此时静态水接触角最大为135.0?,表现出优异的疏水性.     

Effect of block length on the self-assembly of end-capping perfluoroalkyl moieties on the polymer surface

Most research on copolymers with fluorinated monomers has focused on the relationship between fluorinated monomer content and the corresponding surface structure. However, the influence of the non-fluorinated block on the surface structure of the copolymer film is unknown. Various molecular weight poly(butyl methacrylates) (PBMA) end-capped with 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (FMA) units (PBMA-ec-FMA) have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The effect of the PBMA block length on the surface structure and properties of the polymers both in the solid state and in solution was investigated using various techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that longer PBMA blocks enhanced both the enrichment of the fluorinated moieties and the order of the packing orientation of the perfluoroalkyl side chains on the surface. This enhancement was attributed mainly to the molecular aggregate structure of the end-capped polymers with long PBMA blocks in the solution and to the interfacial structure at the air/liquid interface, which favors the -(CF₂)₇CF₃ moieties self-assembling on the polymer surface during film formation. This observation suggests that the polyacrylate block structure in fluorinated diblock copolymers, in addition to the fluorinated monomer content, plays an important role in structure formation on the solid surface.     

Robust control of microdomain orientation in thin films of block copolymers by zone casting

Block copolymers with chemically immiscible segments exhibit a variety of microphase-separated nanostructures on the scale of 10-100 nm. Controlling the orientation of these microphase separated nanostructures is vital in many applications such as lithography, membranes, data storage, and so forth. Typical strategies involve the use of external fields or patterned substrates. Here, we report a robust zone casting technique to achieve highly ordered thin films of block copolymers on centimeter-scale substrates. The robustness of this technique is its powerful control on diverse morphologies and exceptional tolerance on versatility of block copolymer chemistry as well as allowance of a wide spectrum of substrates. We demonstrate that perpendicular orientations with respect to the surface are achieved for block copolymers with both lamellar and cylindrical morphologies by controlling solution casting rate, temperatures, and block copolymer chemical structures. Thin films of both noncrystalline and crystalline block copolymers exhibit excellent orientational order and lateral order. However, the lateral order in the thin films of crystalline block copolymers shows dependence on casting temperature and melting temperature of the crystalline segment. Remarkably, all the ordering is independent of the substrates on which the block copolymer films are cast.     

Surface tension of random copolymer melts

A mean-field theory is presented to describe the surface tension and interfacial profile of random A-B multiblock copolymer melts in contact with air or a solid substrate. The copolymer model accounts for variations in average composition and block sequence distribution, and reduces to a model for statistical copolymers as the block size approaches that of a monomer. Ideal copolymers lacking chemical correlations between successive segments are predicted to have a larger surface tension than “blocky” copolymers with a tendency for repeated segments of A or B. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Association behavior of fluorine-containing and non-fluorine-containing methacrylate-based amphiphilic diblock copolymer in aqueous media

Fluorine-containing amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(sodium methacrylate)-block-poly(nonafluorohexyl methacrylate) (NaMAm-b-NFHMAn) (m:n = 61:12, 72:33, 64:57), and the corresponding non-fluorine-containing amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(sodium methacrylate)-block-poly(hexyl methacrylate) (NaMAm-b-HMAn) (m:n = 64:10, 69:37, 67:50), were synthesized. Both polyNaMA-b-polyNFHMA and polyNaMA-b-polyHMA formed micelles above critical micelle concentrations, (cmc's), around 3 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-4) mol/L, while neither polymer decreased surface tension of aqueous solutions. The size and shape of the micelles were examined by dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering. PolyNaMA-b-polyHMA appeared to form only spherical micelles, while polyNaMA-b-polyNFHMA with a long NFHMA segment formed both spherical and rodlike micelles. The micelles of fluorine-containing block copolymers were obviously larger than those of non-fluorine-containing block copolymers with the same chain length and the same hydrophilic/hydrophobic chain ratio. The fluorine-containing block copolymer selectively solubilized fluorinated dye into the water phase when a mixture of decafluorobiphenyl and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene was added to the micelle solution.     

高分子表面活性剂P(AM-co-OPMA)的合成与表征

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)(OP-10)与马来酸酐在95℃下反应,合成了辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚马来酸单酯(OPMA);并在水溶液中与丙烯酰胺(AM)单体进行共聚合,获得了高分子表面活性剂P(AM-co-OPMA);考察了引发剂用量、单体组成、单体总浓度及反应温度对共聚物特性粘数与阴离子度的影响.通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光发射光谱和电导滴定对共聚物结构和组成进行了表征;利用视频光学接触角测量仪分别测定了共聚物表面和界面张力.结果表明,在聚丙烯酰胺分子主链上引入OPMA链节后,不仅保持了PAM优良的增稠能力(特性粘数达764.31 mL/g),且赋予了共聚物较高的表面活性(浓度为1.5 g/L共聚物水溶液的表面和界面张力分别可达53.94 mN/m和5.41 mN/m).     

Micellization and Thermogelation of Poly(ether urethane)s Comprising Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(propylene glycol)

A series of multiblock poly(ether urethane)s comprising poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) segments were synthesized. Their aqueous solutions exhibited thermogelling behavior at critical gelation concentrations (CGC) ranging from 8 to 12 wt%. The composition and structural information of the copolymers were studied by GPC and ¹H NMR. The critical micellization concentration (CMC) and thermodynamic parameters for micelle formation were determined at different temperatures. The temperature response of the copolymer solutions were studied and found to be associated with the composition of the copolymers.     

Composition and solution properties of fluorinated block copolymers and their surface structures in the solid state

A series of diblock copolymers composed of methyl methacrylate and 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (PMMA₁₄₄-b-PFMA _n ) with various PFMA block lengths were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The surface structures and properties of these polymers in the solid state and in solution were investigated using contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, surface tension and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS). It was found that with increasing PFMA block length, water and oil repellency decreased, the ratio of F/C increased with increasing film depth, and the degree of ordered packing of the perfluoroalkyl side chains at the surface decreased. When the number of PFMA block units reached 10, PMMA segments were detected at the copolymer surface, which was attributed to the PFMA block length affecting molecular aggregation structure of the copolymer in the solution and the interfacial structure at the air/liquid interface, which in turn affects surface structure formation during solution solidification. The results suggest that copolymer solution properties play an important role in structure formation on the solid surface. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50573069 and 20704038) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No.IRT 0654)     

聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯-聚四亚甲基醚多嵌段共聚物的研究

合成了硬段含量和软段分子量不同的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯-聚四亚甲基醚(PBT-PTMG)多嵌段共聚物。研究了硬段含量和软段分子量对嵌段共聚合过程的影响。当软段分子量较大、硬段含量较高时,在嵌段共缩聚过程中有均聚物伴生。当软段分子量在2000左右,硬段含量在20％左右时,基本上不生成均聚物。硬段重量含量为 20％的低硬段 PBT-PTMG多嵌段共聚物是结晶的。由它纺成的弹体纤维有良好的力学性能和弹性回复。热处理能改进纤维的弹性回复。     

Simultaneous tuning of chemical composition and topography of copolymer surfaces: micelles as building blocks.

A simple method is described for controlling the surface chemical composition and topography of the diblock copolymer poly(styrene)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PS-b-PDMS) by casting the copolymer solutions from solvents with different selectivities. The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively, and the wetting behavior was studied by water contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) and by CA hysteresis. Chemical composition and morphology of the surface depend on solvent properties, humidity of the air, solution concentration, and block lengths. If the copolymer is cast from a common solvent, the resultant surface is hydrophobic, with a flat morphology, and dominated by PDMS on the air side. From a PDMS-selective solvent, the surface topography depends on the morphology of the micelles. Starlike micelles give rise to a featureless surface nearly completely covered by PDMS, while crew-cut-like micelles lead to a rough surface with a hierarchical structure that consists partly of PDMS. From a PS-selective solvent, however, surface segregation of PDMS was restricted, and the surface morphology can be controlled by vapor-induced phase separation. On the basis of the tunable surface roughness and PDMS concentration on the air side, water repellency of the copolymer surface could be tailored from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic. In addition, reversible switching behavior between hydrophobic and superhydrophobic can be achieved by exposing the surface to solvents with different selectivities.     

成膜溶剂与氟化嵌段共聚物膜的表面富集行为

利用接触角、XPS、SFG、AFM等技术研究了环己酮、甲苯和三氟甲苯为成膜溶剂所得聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚（甲基丙烯酸-2-全氟辛基乙酯）（PMMA—b—PFMA）嵌段共聚物膜的表面结构与性能．发现浇铸成膜时成膜溶剂对聚合物氟化组分向表面富集程度的影响相对较小,而旋涂成膜时溶剂的影响很大．不管以何种形式成膜,三氟甲苯溶剂最有利于氟化组分向表面富集,甲苯次之,环己酮最差．这一现象与溶剂的挥发速度无关．聚合物在溶液中的聚集结构、气／液界面结构是造成成膜方式对聚合物表面结构与性能产生巨大影响的主要原因．当聚合物在溶液中形成以PFMA为核、PMMA为冠的胶束结构时,在溶液固化过程中氟化组分向表面富集需要较长的时间,这时由于成膜方法直接影响溶液的固化速度,造成其对氟化组分向表面富集的程度影响很大．当聚合物在溶液中以单分子或松散聚集体存在,在溶液固化过程中氟化组分向表面富集的速度很快,这时成膜方法对氟化组分向表面富集的程度影响很小．以上结果无论对理论研究还是应用研究都具有重要意义．