Ⅱ度以上宫腔粘连分离术采用不同物理屏障抗粘连疗效分析

目的探讨Ⅱ度以上宫腔粘连分离术采用不同物理屏障抗粘连的临床效果。方法选取212例Ⅱ度以上宫腔粘连患者,其中宫腔粘连分离术留置宫内节育器者作为A组（Ⅱ度47例,Ⅲ度38例,Ⅳ度43例）,宫腔粘连分离术留置宫内球囊后改放置节育器者作为B组（Ⅱ度28例,Ⅲ度30例,Ⅳ度26例）。以上两组术后其他后续治疗方法均一致。术后每28d复查1次,性激素序贯治疗3周期结束后予以宫腔镜下节育器取出术同时行二次探查并登记月经情况。结果（1）月经情况：两组术前月经过少的同度患者相比,月经恢复情况差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术前闭经患者术后月经复潮率89.3%（92/103）。IV度术后月经复潮率B组高于A组,差异有统计学意义（93.8%vs 62.5%,P＜0.05）。（2）并发症发生率及预后情况：宫内节育器嵌顿共12例,A组8例,B组4例,总发生率5.7%,两组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。未发现泌尿道生殖道感染病例。宫腔粘连重新形成110例（51.9%）;其中IV度A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对于IV度宫腔粘连行宫腔镜下分离术,术中留置宫内球囊后改宫内节育器将比单独使用宫内节育器有更好的治疗效果。     

去氧肾上腺素和麻黄碱预防剖宫产蛛网膜下腔阻滞后低血压效果的对比观察

目的对比观察去氧肾上腺素和麻黄碱预防剖宫产蛛网膜下腔阻滞后低血压的临床效果及对新生儿的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行剖宫产手术患者160例,按随机数字表法分为去氧肾上腺素组（A组）和麻黄碱组（B组）,各80例。在蛛网膜下腔阻滞成功后分别以去氧肾上腺素40滋g/min和麻黄碱3mg/min的速度泵注6min,观察并记录两组产妇麻醉前及术中血压（SBP）、心率（HR）及追加麻黄碱的总量。胎儿娩出后抽取脐动脉行血气分析,并在1、5 min行Apgar评分。结果两组新生儿脐动脉血气分析中pH、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、碳酸氢根离子（HCO3-）结果均在正常范围;与A组比较,B组PaO2、PaCO2的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而pH、HCO3-差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组新生儿1、5min Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组产妇术前血压的基础值、术中血压的最低值、最高值及追加麻黄碱的总量差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。两组产妇均无反应性高血压和心动过缓等不良反应。结论使用去氧肾上腺素或麻黄碱均能有效地预防剖宫产患者蛛网膜下腔阻滞后低血压的发生,但在维持胎儿酸碱平衡稳定方面,去氧肾上腺素则更有优势。     

胃癌全胃切除患者围术期两种免疫营养支持治疗的临床比较

目的 比较胃癌全胃切除患者围术期两种免疫营养支持治疗的效果。方法 将接受全胃切除的胃癌患者随机分为围术期免疫营养（PIN）组60例,术前5d 给予肠外免疫营养支持治疗,术后早期给予肠内免疫营养支持治疗1 周;术后早期肠内免疫营养（EIN）组60例,仅在术后早期给予肠内免疫营养支持治疗1 周。比较两组患者术前及术后第1、7、10 天营养指标（总蛋白、白蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、氮平衡）、免疫功能指标（IgG、IgA、IgM、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+）的情况及术后感染性并发症（包括肺部感染、尿路感染、切口感染）的发生率。结果 PIN 组患者术前及术后第1天在提高患者营养指标,纠正免疫功能指标等方面较EIN 组有效,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,且PIN 组术后感染性并发症的发生率低于EIN 组（P＜0.05）。结论 胃癌全胃切除患者围术期应用免疫营养支持治疗较单纯术后早期应用,更能改善患者的营养状况,纠正免疫功能,减少术后并发症的发生。     

氟比洛芬酯对子痫前期患者剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛疗效观察

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯复合丁丙诺啡和单用丁丙诺啡对子痫前期患者剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的临床效果和 应用价值。方法 选择90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在腰硬联合麻醉下行子痫前期剖宫产术患者,按随机数字表法分为A组（胎儿娩出后氟比洛芬酯+术后丁丙诺啡PCIA）、B 组（术后氟比洛芬酯+丁丙诺啡PCIA）和C 组（术后丁丙诺啡PCIA）,每组30例。观察并记录患者术后1、2、4、12、24h 视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Ramassay镇静评分,平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）及术后恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生情况,分别于麻醉前、术后4、12 和24h抽取静脉血,检测血清肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、血浆儿茶酚胺和内皮素的水平。结果 A 组和B组患者术后各时点VAS 评分均明显低于C组（P＜0.05）,A 组和B 组各时点Ramsay 镇静评分均明显高于C组（P＜0.05）;A 组和B 组术后各时点MAP 和HR 均明显低于C 组（P＜0.05）;术后24h 内PCIA 按压次数A 组和B 组明显低于C组（P＜0.05）;A 组和B 组术后各时点血清肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和内皮素水平均明显低于C 组（均P＜0.05）;A 组术后4h 内皮素水平明显低于B 组（P＜0.05）;A 组和B 组头晕、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐发生率均低于C 组（均P＜0.05）。结论 氟比洛芬酯能有效抑制术后应激,镇痛效果好且不良反应少,在胎儿娩出后应用氟比洛芬酯并结合术后丁丙诺啡进行PCIA更适合用于子痫前期剖宫产术后患者术后镇痛。     

腹腔镜下全子宫切除术术后并发症发生的相关因素分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者术后并发症发生的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析106 例腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者的临床资料。结果 106 例患者术后并发症发生率为14.15%,发生率最高的是皮下气肿（3.77%）,其次是残端感染（2.88%）、盆腔包裹性积液（2.88%）,盆腔手术史（P =0.037）、术前贫血（P =0.03）、子宫＞孕12 周大小（P =0.022）、手术时间＞120min（P =0.033）、手术出血量＞100ml（P =0.013）为术后并发症发生的危险因素,其中术前贫血（OR=9.939,P =0.048）、手术时间＞120min（OR=6.120,P =0.038）为术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。结论 术前贫血、手术时间＞120min为患者术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。     

缩宫素宫颈注射联合卡前列甲酯栓在阴道分娩产后出血中的运用

目的探讨缩宫素宫颈注射联合卡前列甲酯栓在阴道分娩产后出血中的运用。方法选取阴道分娩产后出血的121例产妇随机分成3组：I组（41例）予以缩宫素10U宫颈注射并给予卡前列甲酯栓1枚（1mg）直肠用药；II组（40例）予以缩宫素10U宫颈注射；III组（40例）给予卡前列甲酯栓1枚（1mg）直肠用药；3组同时辅以子宫按摩，促进子宫复旧。观察用药后阴道出血减少时间、出血量以及不良反应情况。结果 I、II组与III组比较，阴道出血减少时间均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）；I、II组之间比较，无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。I组与II、III组相比较，用药后阴道出血量均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）,而II、III两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）；用药后不良反应，3组间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论缩宫素宫颈注射联合卡前列甲酯栓用于防治阴道分娩产后出血，不良反应少，使用快捷简便、安全有效、持久。     

罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔阻滞注药速度的研究

目的 探讨罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔阻滞的合理注药速度。方法 选择行剖宫产术产妇90 例,按蛛网膜 下腔阻滞时罗哌卡因注药时间采用随机数字表法分为30s 组、60s 组、90s 组,每组各30例。观察并记录麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后1min（T1）、5min（T2）、10min（T3）、20min（T4）收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）变化,术中恶心、呕吐、胸闷、麻黄碱、阿托品使用例数,麻醉最高平面情况。结果 与60s 组、90s 组相比,30s 组SBP、DBP、HR 下降更为显著,发生恶心、呕吐、胸闷等不良反应及使用麻黄碱例数显著增多（P＜0.05）。30s 组、60s 组、90s 组产妇麻醉平面达T6以上分别为29 例、29 例、28例,均能满足手术要求,最高阻 滞平面达T4、T2的例数30s 组显著多于60s 组、90s 组（P＜0.05）。结论 常规剂量罗哌卡因用于蛛网膜下腔阻滞下剖宫产术,其注药时间宜控制在60～90s,同样能满足手术需要,且可减少不良反应的发生,而不是传统方法的15～30s。     

二次剖宫产术中宫腔放置卡前列甲酯栓防治产后出血的疗效观察

@@产后出血是分娩期严重并发症,是我国孕产妇死亡的首要原因,发病率约2%~3%[1]。子宫连续性的破坏及子宫下段收缩乏力是导致剖宫产术中、术后出血增多的重要原因,减少术中、术后出血是抢救孕产妇的重要治疗措施。我院在剖宫产术中宫腔放置卡前列甲酯栓,防治产后出血的疗效良好,现报道如下。     

子宫切除术后残端阴道上皮内瘤变临床分析

目的探讨子宫切除术后残端阴道上皮内瘤变（VaIN）的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法2008年1月至2013 年12 月收治子宫切除术后残端阴道VaIN 43例,对其先期疾病、临床表现、辅助检查、治疗方法及预后进行回顾性分析。结果先期疾病有宫颈上皮内瘤变17 例（39.5%）,子宫颈癌24例（55.8%）,子宫肌瘤1例,子宫内膜癌1 例。继发VaIN的中位时间为术后21个月。24例(55.8%)无临床症状,13例（30.2%）阴道分泌物增多,6例(14.0%)有阴道烧灼感。病变多位于上段阴道（34/43,79.1%）。38例行高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）检测,阳性率为92.1%（35 /38）,其中30例在两次病程中均为阳性。40例患者采用手术治疗：4例经腹行全阴道切除术,7例经会阴行阴道部分切除术,29 例行高频氩气刀黏膜剥脱术。术后2 例（4.7%）病变持续,5例（11.6%）缓解后复发,均为VaIN。4例再次行黏膜剥脱术,无一例进展为浸润癌。结论子宫切除术后残端阴道VaIN多见于子宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变,中位发病时间为术后21个月。HPV 感染是其发生的主要原因,手术导致的阴道黏膜受损可能促进了VaIN 的发生。高频氩气刀阴道黏膜剥脱术治疗VaIN 是一种安全有效的治疗手段。     

肝癌术后肺部并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨肝癌术后发生肺部并发症的相关因素分析,以期为减少或避免术后肺部并发症的发生提供思路。方法选取行肝癌根治术的肝癌患者105例,其中22例（观察组）术后发生肺部并发症,83例（对照组）术后未发生肺部并发症。比较两组患者的一般资料（性别、年龄、吸烟指数、高血压病史、呼吸系统病史、糖尿病史、术前2周呼吸道感染史、肺部听诊情况）、术前检查结果（肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、侵犯门静脉、侵犯肝静脉、门静脉癌栓、门静脉宽度、胆红素水平、白蛋白水平、凝血酶原时间、腹水、Child评分、Child分级、ALT、AST、GPT、AFP、血红蛋白水平、血小板、血氧饱和度、ASA分级）以及手术信息（手术切口、手术方式、手术时间、麻醉时间、术中输血量）。对上述比较差异有统计学意义的相关因素,采用非条件二元多因素Logistic回归分析其与肝癌术后肺部并发症的相关性。结果单因素分析显示：低蛋白血症、手术时间、麻醉时间及术中输血量是肝癌术后发生肺部并发症（胸腔积液、肺炎）的危险因素（P＜0.05或0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示术前白蛋白水平是发生术后肺部并发症的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论术前白蛋白水平是肝癌术后肺部并发症的独立危险因素。     

Using shapes correlation for active contour segmentation of uterine fibroid ultrasound images in computer-aided therapy

Segmenting the lesion regions from the ultrasound (US) images is an important step in the intra-operative planning of some computer-aided therapies. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), as a popular computer-aided therapy, has been widely used in the treatment of uterine fibroids. However, such segmentation in HIFU remains challenge for two reasons: (1) the blurry or missing boundaries of lesion regions in the HIFU images and (2) the deformation of uterine fibroids caused by the patient’s breathing or an external force during the US imaging process, which can lead to complex shapes of lesion regions. These factors have prevented classical active contour-based segmentation methods from yielding desired results for uterine fibroids in US images. In this paper, a novel active contour-based segmentation method is proposed, which utilizes the correlation information of target shapes among a sequence of images as prior knowledge to aid the existing active contour method. This prior knowledge can be interpreted as a unsupervised clustering of shapes prior modeling. Meanwhile, it is also proved that the shapes correlation has the low-rank property in a linear space, and the theory of matrix recovery is used as an effective tool to impose the proposed prior on an existing active contour model. Finally, an accurate method is developed to solve the proposed model by using the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM). Experimental results from both synthetic and clinical uterine fibroids US image sequences demonstrate that the proposed method can consistently improve the performance of active contour models and increase the robustness against missing or misleading boundaries, and can greatly improve the efficiency of HIFU therapy.     

Ritz and harmonic Ritz values and the convergence of FOM and GMRES

The Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are approximate eigenvalues, which can be computed cheaply within the FOM and GMRES Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving non‐symmetric linear systems. They are also the zeros of the residual polynomials of FOM and GMRES, respectively. In this paper we show that the Walker–Zhou interpretation of GMRES enables us to formulate the relation between the harmonic Ritz values and GMRES in the same way as the relation between the Ritz values and FOM. We present an upper bound for the norm of the difference between the matrices from which the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are computed. The differences between the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values enable us to describe the breakdown of FOM and stagnation of GMRES. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Diversity and Popularity in Organizations and Communities

This paper examines social groupings whose structure depends only on the distribution of ability to attract attention. When people‘s attention is a scarce resource, those individuals who are rated highest by a large number of other individuals will have to ration their attention, resulting in constraints on the social structure of the group. The incidence of popular individuals by that definition reflects the extent to which individuals agree on who their highest-rated colleague is. We propose three basic distributions or ways to generate the matrix of perceived ability so as to yield popularity profiles that can be parametrically adjusted to match observations. We demonstrate that each of these assumption sets leads to a slightly different correlation between the value of the assumption‘s parameter and the set of observable popularity patterns. Since popularity, in real life, often determines such things as power, centrality, over-utilization and perhaps reduced accessibility, having more realistic ways of representing it is important for modeling and understanding virtual organizations and communities.     

Singular quasilinear and Hessian equations and inequalities

We solve the existence problem in the renormalized, or viscosity sense, and obtain global pointwise estimates of solutions for quasilinear and Hessian equations with measure coefficients and data, including the following model problems:

     

Polytopes and arrangements: Diameter and curvature

We introduce a continuous analogue of the Hirsch conjecture and a discrete analogue of the result of Dedieu, Malajovich and Shub. We prove a continuous analogue of the result of Holt and Klee, namely, we construct a family of polytopes which attain the conjectured order of the largest total curvature.     

E—matrices and Several Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

AER-x.,Aiscalledanonnegative(nonPositive)matrixifau>O(a,jO(aiirtO),markedA>O(AO(i#j),auO,wecallp(A)=max{IA,l,lA,l'.-.,lAnl},(whereA,,A2,..',A"areeigenva1ueofA)asspectralradiusofA.LemmalIfAe7'.,thenareanonnegativesquarematrxBandapositivenumberksuchthatA=B-kI(whereIistheidentitymatrixofordern).ProofLetbti=…     

Proper and Unit Trapezoid Orders and Graphs

We show that the class of trapezoid orders in which no trapezoid strictly contains any other trapezoid strictly contains the class of trapezoid orders in which every trapezoid can be drawn with unit area. This is different from the case of interval orders, where the class of proper interval orders is exactly the same as the class of unit interval orders.     

Vertex- and edge-minimal and locally minimal graphs

Given a family of graphs , a graph is called edge-minimal (vertex-minimal) if for every subgraph (induced subgraph) G^′ of G; furthermore, G is called locally edge-minimal (locally vertex-minimal) if whenever G^′ is obtained from G by deleting an edge (a vertex). Similarly, the concepts of minimality and local minimality are introduced for directed graphs (digraphs) and, more generally, for partially ordered sets.For example, by the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem, the only vertex-minimal graphs with χ>ω are odd holes and anti-holes. In contrast, the only locally vertex-minimal graphs with χ>ω are partitionable graphs. Somewhat surprisingly, there are infinitely many non-trivial perfect graphs that are locally edge-minimal and -maximal simultaneously. In other words, such a graph is perfect but it becomes imperfect after any edge is deleted from or added to it.In this paper we consider vertex- and edge-minimal and locally minimal graphs in the following families: (i) perfect and imperfect graphs, (ii) graphs with χ=ω and with χ>ω, (iii) digraphs that have a kernel and kernel-free digraphs, and finally, (iv) vertex-minimal complementary connected d-graphs.     

Crossings and nestings of matchings and partitions

We present results on the enumeration of crossings and nestings for matchings and set partitions. Using a bijection between partitions and vacillating tableaux, we show that if we fix the sets of minimal block elements and maximal block elements, the crossing number and the nesting number of partitions have a symmetric joint distribution. It follows that the crossing numbers and the nesting numbers are distributed symmetrically over all partitions of , as well as over all matchings on . As a corollary, the number of -noncrossing partitions is equal to the number of -nonnesting partitions. The same is also true for matchings. An application is given to the enumeration of matchings with no -crossing (or with no -nesting).

     

Fibonacci and Lucas congruences and their applications

In this paper we obtain some new identities containing Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. These identities allow us to give some congruences concerning Fibonacci and Lucas numbers such as L _2mn+k ≡ (−1)^(m+1)n L _k (mod L _m ), F _2mn+k ≡ (−1)^(m+1)n F _k (mod L _m ), L _2mn+k ≡ (−1) ^mn L _k (mod F _m ) and F _2mn+k ≡ (−1) ^mn F _k (mod F _m ). By the achieved identities, divisibility properties of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers are given. Then it is proved that there is no Lucas number L _n such that L _n = L ₂ ^k t L _m x ² for m > 1 and k ≥ 1. Moreover it is proved that L _n = L _m L _r is impossible if m and r are positive integers greater than 1. Also, a conjecture concerning with the subject is given.