转化生长因子-β1对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞炎症因子及细胞外基质表达的影响

目的 研究转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞炎症因子表达和细胞外基质（ECM）积聚的影响。方法 体外培养SD 大鼠原代腹膜间皮细胞,静止24h 后,采用RT-PCR 检测TGF-β1（10ng/ml）刺激后0、3、6、12、24、48h 单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、白介素-6（IL-6）、Ⅰ型胶原（CollagenⅠ）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）mRNA 的表达情况;Western blot 检测TGF-β1（10ng/ml）刺激后0、4、12、24、48h CollagenⅠ和PAI-1 表达情况;ELISA 法检测MCP-1 和IL-6 表达情况。结果 TGF-β1处理6h 后MCP-1、IL-6 和PAI-1mRNA 即开始逐渐升高,与0h 组的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,24h 后显著升高（均P＜0.01）;TGF-β1 处理12h 后CollagenⅠmRNA 表达开始明显升高,与0h 比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,24h 后有显著升高（P＜0.01）;TGF-β1 处理4h 后IL-6 表达水平升高（P＜0.05）,24h 后显著升高（P＜0.01）;处理12h 后MCP-1 和PAI-1 表达水平较0h 明显升高（P＜0.05）,处理24h 后CollagenⅠ表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）;TGF-β1 显著增加MCP-1、IL-6、CollagenⅠ、PAI-1 及其mRNA 的表达上调。结论 TGF-β1可能通过诱导大鼠腹膜间皮细胞炎症因子上调表达和ECM积聚导致腹膜纤维化。     

硒对肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织结缔组织生长因子表达及肾小管上皮细胞表型转化的影响

目的探讨硒对肾间质纤维化大鼠肾组织结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）表达及肾小管上皮细胞表型转化的影响。方法以单侧输尿管结扎致肾间质纤维化大鼠模型。将54只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）组（B组）、U-UO+硒组（C组）,每组18只。C组给予亚硒酸钠0.2mg/（kg·d）灌胃。A、B组给予同等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。术后第7、14、21天各组随机处死6只大鼠,肾组织行HE、Masson染色评定肾间质纤维化程度,免疫组织化学半定量法检测CTGF和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α- SMA）的表达。Western印迹法检测肾组织CTGF蛋白表达。化学比色法检测肾组织氧化指标谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH- Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的表达水平。结果术后各时点C组肾间质纤维化程度较B组明显减轻（P＜0.05）,肾组织CTGF和α- SMA的表达强度明显低于B组（P＜0.05或0.01）、GSH- Px和SOD水平明显高于B组（P＜0.05）,MDA含量明显低于B组（P＜0.05）。B组肾组织中CTGF、a- SMA表达量之间呈正相关（P＜0.05）,CTGF和a- SMA表达量与肾间质纤维化病变程度呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论硒可以减轻UUO模型大鼠肾间质纤维化程度,其机制可能与硒的抗氧化作用、下调肾组织CTGF的表达、抑制肾小管上皮细胞－肌成纤维细胞转分化有关。     

Effect of A-site cation substitution on magnetic transition temperature of (LaCa) MnO3

The ferromagnetic transition temperatures have been measured on two bathes of perovskite manganese oxides such as (La_1-x R _x )_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃(R=Ce, Pr, Nd, etc.) and La_2/3(Ca_1-y Cd _y )_1/3MnO₃. It is found that the (La_1-x R _x )_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ samples have obviously different Curie temperatureT _C although their (r_A) (the average A-site cation radius) are almost identical, and theT _C in the system of (La_1-x R _x )_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃(R=Ce, Pr, Nd, etc.) and La_2/3(Ca_1-y Cd _y )_1/3MnO₃. It is found that the (La_1-x R _x )_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ compounds increases with increasingy although (r_A) decreases slightly. It is suggested that the Curie temperature should be influenced by the average local A-site magnetic moment in the ferromagnetic perovskite manganite system. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19504012) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Propagation of torsional waves in tubular bones

By considering the material inhomogeneity and anisotropy of osseous tissues, the propagation of torsional waves in tubular bones has been studied in this paper. An exact closed form solution is presented. The electric and magnetic fields induced by the travelling torsional waves in tubular bones are also derived by accounting for the piezoelectricity of osseous material. Making use of the derived analytical solution, and the experimentally determined constants for osseous tissues, numerical values of the phase velocities and attenuation coefficients are calculated for different frequencies in the ultrasonic range. Further, the effects of material damping and inhomogeneity on the attenuation and phase velocities of the waves are examined.     

Optimization of bifunctional catalysts in tubular reactors

A number of chemical reactions of industrial importance, especially reforming reactions, are most effectively promoted by bifunctional catalysts in tubular reactors. For the determination of the optimal catalyst blend, a mathematical model for a general first-order kinetic reaction scheme is developed. The introduction of state-space definitions leads to a model described by a bilinear system. Based on that system and a suitably defined performance index, necessary conditions for the optimal catalyst blend are derived by means of the maximum principle. Special attention is directed to the singular solution of the optimization problem.This paper was presented at the 14th Joint Automatic Control Conference, Columbus, Ohio, 1973.     

Effect of the type of state of stress on the characteristics of the mechanical glass transition process in polymers

The effect of the type of state of stress on the activation energy and relaxation time is investigated with reference to the mechanical glass transition (softening) process in polymers. An expression relating the mechanical glass transition temperature with the structural glass transition temperature, the mean stress, and the stress intensity is obtained for isotropic homogeneous polymers. Experimental data obtained for polymethyl methacrylate in uniaxial tension and compression, pure bending, and shear are presented.All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials, Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 195–199, March–April, 1971.     

管状曲面在曲线论中的应用

研究了围绕曲线的管状曲面上的曲率线,渐近线与测地线,给出它们的方程,揭示了这些曲线与Bertrand曲线或Mannheim曲线之间的关系,采用新的方法给出一条曲线是Bertrand曲线或Mannheim曲线的充要条件的另一种证明以及Mannheim侣线的曲率与挠率之间的关系．     

Vibration of a tubular bone in axial planes

By considering the material nonhomogeneity as well as the dissipative material behaviour of osseous tissues, the paper is devoted to a study of a vibrating tubular bone specimen. In conformity to recent experimental observations, nonlinear variation of the elastic moduli of bone tissues with volume density, has been paid due attention. Computational results indicate that while linear variation of the material parameters with volume density of bone tissues does not bring about any appreciable change in frequency of the bone specimen, nonlinear variation alters the frequency spectrum to a considerable extent.     

Effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties and transition temperatures of glass-reinforced polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate

The effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties and transition temperatures and the subregions of the glassy state that the latter define has been investigated for polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate films containing various amounts of fiberglas. An inversion of the reinforcing effect of the filler is observed as the strain rate is varied at fixed temperature. Varying the temperature can also lead to an inversion of the nature of the strain-rate dependence of the strength of the reinforced polymer within the glassy state. In the low-temperature region the strength increases with decrease, and in the high-temperature region with increase in strain rate. The transition temperatures of the reinforced polymers are more sensitive than those of the unreinforced polymers to changes of strain rate. The subregions of the glassy state are almost independent of the strain rate, except that as the latter increases they are shifted into the high-temperature region.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 462–466, 1968