Preparation and application of rifamycin-capped (3-(2-O-β-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl-appended silica particles as chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography

Rifamycin-capped (3-(2-O-β-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl-appended silica particles (RCD-HPS), a new type of substituted β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), have been synthesized by the treatment of bromoacetate-substituted-(3-(2-O-β-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl-appended silica particles (BACD-HPS) with rifamycin SV in anhydrous acetonitrile. The stationary phase is characterized by means of elemental analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This new CSP has a chiral selector with two recognition sites: rifamycin and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The chromatographic behavior of RCD-HPS was studied with several disubstituted benzenes and some chiral drug compounds under reversed-phase HPLC mobile phase conditions. The results show that RCD-HPS has excellent selectivity for the separation of aromatic positional isomers and enantiomers of chiral compounds due to the cooperative functioning of rifamycin and β-CD.     

Preparation and evaluation of a chiral HPLC stationary phase based on cone calix[4]arene functionalized at the upper rim with l‐alanine units

Here we report a new chiral stationary phase (CSP) immobilized on silica gel based on cone calix[4]arene functionalized at the upper rim with two l ‐alanine units as new chiral selector that has been used in high‐performance liquid chromatography. The CSP was prepared by covalently bonding the allyl groups at the lower rim of calix[4]arene to silica gel by thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction. Elemental analysis of the CSP showed that 120 μmol of chiral selector bonded per gram of silica gel. 1‐Hexene was used for end‐capping of unreacted mercapto groups on silica gel. Since the CSP is chemically bonded to the silica, it can be used in the normal‐phase and reversed‐phase mode and with halogenated solvents as mobile phases, if desired. The chromatographic performance of the CSP was evaluated in the enantioseparation of the 3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl derivatives of some amino acids, diclofop‐methyl and dl ‐mandelic acid.     

Development of Vancomycin-Capped β-CD-Bonded Silica Particles as Chiral Stationary Phase for LC

Vancomycin-capped (3-(2-O-β-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl-appended silica particles (VCD-HPS), a new type of substituted β-cyclodextrin-bonded chiral stationary phase (CSP) for liquid chromatography (LC), have been synthesized by treatment of bromoacetate-substituted-(3-(2-O-β-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl-appended silica particles (BACD-HPS) with vancomycin in anhydrous methanol. The stationary phase is characterized by elemental analysis. This new CSP has a chiral selector with two recognition sites: vancomycin and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), which can provide multiple interactions with the solutes. The chromatographic performance of VCD-HPS was studied with several disubstituted benzenes and some chiral drug compounds as solutes in reversed-phase LC. The results show that VCD-HPS has excellent selectivity for the separation of aromatic positional isomers and enantiomers of chiral compounds.     

Application of bromoacetate‐substituted β‐CD‐bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phase for HPLC

Bromoacetate‐substituted [3‐(2‐O‐β‐cyclodextrin)‐2‐hydroxypropoxy]propylsilyl‐appended silica particles (BACD‐HPS), an important and useful synthetic intermediate for preparation of novel types of macrocycles‐capped β‐CD‐bonded silica particles including crown ether/cyclam/calix[4]arene‐capped β‐CD‐bonded silica particles, have been prepared and used as chiral stationary phase for HPLC. This synthetic stationary phase is characterized by means of elemental analysis. For the first time, the chromatographic behavior of BACD‐HPS was systematically evaluated with several disubstituted benzenes and some chiral drug compounds under both normal and RP conditions in HPLC. The results show that BACD‐HPS has excellent selectivity for the separation of aromatic positional isomers and chiral isomers of some drug compounds when used as stationary phase in HPLC.     

两种新型杯（4）芳烃衍生物用作毛细管气相色谱固定相的研究

合成了两种新型的杯（４）芳烃衍生物：５－１′，１′－二甲基十一烯氧基苯基甲基－１１，１７，２３－三－１，１－二甲基乙基－２５，２６，２７，２８－四苄氧基杯（４）芳烃Ｃ（４）ＴＢ）及５－１′，１′－二甲基十一烯氧基苯基甲基－１１，１７，２３－三－１′，１′－二甲基－２５，２６，２７，２８－四乙氧羰甲氧基（Ｃ（４）ＴＥＣＭ）其结构经元素分析ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ，ＭＳ的数据证实，分别将其与ＯＶ－１７０１固     

Tetra‐proline‐modified calix[4]arene‐bonded silica stationary phase for simultaneous reversed‐phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed‐mode chromatography

A new water‐soluble tetra‐proline‐modified calix[4]arene‐bonded silica stationary phase was prepared straightforwardly by an indirect method and characterized by elemental analysis, energy dispersive Spectrometry, solid‐state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Due to the simultaneous introduction of polar tetra‐proline and nonpolar calix[4]arene, the developed column possessing a double retention mode of reverse‐phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. A series of hydrophobic and hydrophilic test samples, including nucleosides and nucleotides, amines, monosubstituted benzenes, chiral compounds, and phenols, were used to evaluate the developed stationary phase. A rapid separation capability, high separation efficiency, and selectivity were achieved based on the multiple interactions between solutes and tetra‐proline‐modified calix[4]arene‐bonded silica stationary phase. Moreover, the developed stationary phase was further used to detect and separate hexamethylenetetramine in rice flour. All the results indicated the potential merits of the developed stationary phase for simultaneous separation of complex hydrophobic and hydrophilic samples with high selectivity.     

Application of diaza-18-crown-6-capped beta-cyclodextrin bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phases for ultrahigh pressure capillary liquid chromatography

Two bonded chiral stationary phases (CSPs), 8-aminoquinoline-2-ylmethyl- and 8-aminoquinoline-7-ylmethyl-diaza-18-crown-6-capped [3-(2-O-beta-cyclodextrin)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propylsilyl silica particles (non-porous, 1.5 microm), have been prepared and evaluated using capillary liquid chromatography at high pressures (> or = 8000 p.s.i.). High column efficiency (up to 400 000 plates m(-1)) was achieved for chiral separations. These CSPs with two recognition sites, i.e. substituted-diaza-18-crown-6 and beta-cyclodextrin combined with high chromatographic efficiency provide good resolution of a variety of enantiomers and positional isomers in relatively short times under reversed-phase conditions. After inclusion of a Ni (II) ion from the mobile phase, the positively charged crown ether-capped beta-cyclodextrin facilitates specific static, dipolar, and host-guest complexation interactions with solutes.     

Silica-bonded Calixarenes in Chromatography: Enantioseparations on Molecular Basket Phases for Rapid Chiral LC

Abstract

The synthesis of a new type of chiral stationary phase, prepared from triethoxysilyl derivatives of calixarenes, and by the chemical immobilisation of these chiral molecular baskets to 3μm silica particles, is reported. Specifically, a silica-bonded calix[4]arene, funcrionalised at the lower rim with L-(-)-ephedrine, is prepared and packed into a short LC column for rapid chiral separations. Using reversed phase conditions and high flow rate, such new phases based on funcrionalised calixarenes are applicable to chiral aromatic and non-aromatic solutes and are capable of resolving the enantiomers of R(-) and S(+)-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol in less than 45 seconds.     

硅胶键合杯[4]芳烃固定相的合成和核磁共振表征

杯芳烃（Ｃａｌｉｘａｒｅｎｅｓ）［１］是由苯酚单体通过亚甲基单元连接起来的一类性质稳定的环状低聚物．由于它的独特结构特点以及由此表现出来的特有性能,使之已成为继冠醚和环糊精之后的第三代超分子［２］．近年来,杯芳烃在色谱中的应用已经引起人们的关注,有关...     

新型杯[4]芳烃高效液相色谱固定相的制备及表征

合成了一种新型的杯[4]芳烃高效液相色谱键合固定相,考察了它的反相色谱行为．通过对多环芳烃、二取代苯的位置异构体、苯甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸酯的分离,发现该键合相具有显著的反相特征,对位置异构体具有很高的识别能力,其分离明显优于C18柱,并讨论了可能的分离机理．     

大黄蒽醌衍生物在杯[8]芳烃键合固定相上色谱行为的研究

研究了药用掌叶大黄中5种蒽醌衍生物在对-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃硅胶键合固定相上的高效液相色谱行为,并与ODS固定相进行了比较。研究发现这类化合物与杯[8]芳烃固定相之间存在多种相互作用,除疏水作用外,分离过程中还存在与ODS不同的色谱分离机制。杯芳烃键合相与溶质之间的氢键作用、包容络合作用改变了杯芳烃固定相对它们的选择性。     

Preparation and evaluation of a deoxycholic‐calix[4]arene hybrid‐type receptor as a chiral stationary phase for HPLC

We report the synthesis and enantioseparation characteristics of two novel covalently immobilized deoxycholic acid derivatives as chiral stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography. In the structure of the first stationary phase, the 3‐position of deoxycholic acid is substituted with a 3,5‐dinitrophenylcarbamoyl group and the second one has an additional calix[4]arene attached to the carboxylic group of the deoxycholic acid. The chromatographic performance of the stationary phases was evaluated with enantioseparation of N‐(3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl)‐dl ‐leucine, N‐(3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl)‐dl ‐valine, omeprazole, diclofop‐methyl, dl ‐mandelic acid and (RS)‐pregabalin. Comparison of the performance characteristics of the prepared chiral stationary phases provided evidence for the active involvement of the calix[4]arene unit in the chiral recognition process. Both stationary phases are chemically bonded to the silica and can be used in both normal‐phase and reversed‐phase modes.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel chiral calix[4]arene bearing (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine bonded silica particles

Two novel chiral di- and tri-amide derivatives of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene were synthesized by (R)-(+)-1-Phenylethylamine via convenient reactions and then immobilized on aminopropyl functionalized silica particles. The prepared chiral calix[4]arenes and their silica polymers (Calix-SP1 and Calix-SP2) were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, and thermal and elemental analysis techniques.     

Preparation and chromatographic characteristics of calix[4]arene polysiloxane as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography

Summary Two new kinds of calix[4]arene derivatives, 5, 11, 17, 23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(isopropylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-26,28-diundecenyloxy calix[4]arene (C[4]A) and 25,27-dibutoxy-5, 11, 17, 23-tetra-tert-butyl-26,28-diundecenyloxy calix[4]arene (C[4]B0, are prepared and then are polymized by two different processes. Three calix[4]arene polysiloxane stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography are obtained. Their chromatographic characteristics, including column efficiency, polarity, selectivity, glass-transition temperature and thermal stability are studied. Retention mechanisms are also discussed.     

Synthesis and Properties of a Series of Novel Calix[6]arene Diazo Derivatives

In this study, seven new compounds p-(4-butyl-phenylazo)calix[6]arene(1), p-(4-(phenylazo)phenylazo)calix[6]arene (2),p-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)calix[6]arene (3),p-{4-[N-(thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl]phenylazo\}calix[6]arene(4), p-(4-acetamidophenylazo)calix[6]arene (5),p-(thiazol-2-ylazo)calix[6]arene (6) andp-(2-sulfanylphenylazo)calix[6]arene (7) have been synthesizedfrom calix[6]arene by diazo coupling with the corresponding aromaticamines. UV-Vis, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data have been used to elucidate the structures of the compounds elemental analyses     

对-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃键合固定相的制备及表征

合成了一种新的对-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃的高效液相色谱键合固定相,考察了多环芳烃、苯甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、苯的单官能团取代物在该键合相上的反相液相色谱保留行为,并以甲醇-水作为流动相分离了氨基苯酚的邻、间、对取代位置异构体．研究结果发现,该键合相具有明显的反相特征,并讨论了可能的分离机理．     

酰胺型杯[4]聚硅氧烷用作气相色谱固定相的研究

将合成的两种酰胺型杯「４」聚硅氧烷（ＰＳＯ－Ｃ「４」Ａ和Ｍ－Ｃ「４」Ａ－ＰＳＯ）用作毛细管柱气相色谱固定液,考察了产的色谱特性,柱效、极性及选择性,相变温度和稳定性。结果表明,两种酰胺型杯「４」聚硅氧烷固定液具有优良的色谱性能、多环芳主一些芳香族位置异构体得到较好的分离。     

Synthesis and complexation study of calix[4]arene diamine derivative incorporated in a polymeric backbone with chiral monomers

The novel chiral polymeric compounds containing more than one calix[4]arene have been synthesized by reacting a new calix[4]arene diamine derivative with two chiral monomers. These newly prepared compounds were studied by extraction of toxic heavy metal (Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺), silver and alkali metal (Na⁺, K⁺) cations from aqueous phase. It was observed that the resulting calixarene-based polymers have a good complexing ability towards silver, alkali metal and toxic heavy metal cations.     

Synthesis of novel chiral Schiff base and amino alcohol derivatives of calix[4]arene and chiral recognition properties

In the present study, the synthesis and liquid phase extraction properties towards some amino acid methylesters and amino alcohols of Schiff base and amino alcohol substituted calix[4]arene are reported. The Schiff base substituted calix[4]arene 5 has been synthesized via condensation reaction involving 5,17-diformyl-11,23-di-tert-butyl-25,27-di[3-(4-formylphenoxy)propoxy]-26,28 dihydroxycalix[4]arene 4 and (R)-(?)-2-phenylglycine methyl ester in CHCl₃:MeOH. To give the amino alcohol substituted calix[4]arene 6, the synthesized chiral compound 5 was reduced by LiAlH₄. The new chiral Schiff base and amino alcohol derivatives of calix[4]arene have been characterized by a combination of FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FAB-MS and elemental analysis. Also, the extraction behaviors of 5 and 6 towards some selected amino acid methylesters and amino alcohols have been studied by liquid–liquid extraction.     

Separation of Phenolic Compounds and Organic Anions Using ODS Column Coated with Meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole and Water as Eluent

Octadecylsilanized silica (ODS) was coated with meso-octarnethylcalix[4]pyrrole to obtain a novel calix[4]pyrrole containing stationary phase for HPLC. Compared to ODS, the new stationary phase showed a relatively large retention and an improved separation for phenolic compounds and organic anions, using pure water as mobile phase. The results can be ascribed to the interaction between analytes and calix[4]pyrrole.