Chiral tetraaminophosphonium carboxylate-catalyzed direct Mannich-type reaction

The cooperative asymmetric catalysis of chiral tetraaminophosphonium carboxylate (P,S)-1.OCOR has been established, and its synthetic utility has been successfully demonstrated by application to the highly enantioselective direct Mannich-type reaction of azlactones with N-sulfonyl imines. The present study stimulates the cultivation of the potential of the chiral quaternary onium salt catalysis by the structural modification of organic anion.     

Chiral 1,1′-binaphthylazepine derived amino alcohol catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction

The catalytic asymmetric Henry reaction of nitromethane to various aldehydes has been developed using a chiral binaphthylazepine derived amino alcohol and Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O as the catalyst. High yields and good enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee) were obtained for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Moreover, this catalytic system also works well for the diastereoselective Henry reaction to afford the corresponding adducts in up to 95:5 syn/anti selectivity and 95% enantioselectivity.     

Catalytic asymmetric Henry reaction

The classical Henry reaction, the coupling of a nitroalkane with a carbonyl compound in the presence of a base, is an important C–C bond forming reaction in organic chemistry giving β-nitroalcohols, which are useful synthons in organic synthesis. However, an asymmetric version of the reaction, that has been developed recently, gives a new dimension to the classical Henry reaction whereby the control of stereochemistry of two newly generated carbon centres has become possible. In this review, the various catalytic methods for this purpose are discussed.     

Chiral Phebox-rhodium complexes as catalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reaction

Chiral bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl-rhodium complexes act as catalysts in the combination of AgOTf for direct aldol reaction of ketones and aromatic aldehydes to give the corresponding β-hydroxyketones in high anti-selectivity and a good to high enantioselectivity up to 91% ee.     

Chiral iminophosphorane catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction of α,β-alkynyl ketoesters

α,β-Alkynyl ketoesters were introduced to the enantioselective Henry reaction (nitroaldol condensation) with nitromethane catalyzed by tartaric acid derived chiral iminophosphoranes. As such, a variety of optically active β-nitro-substituted tertiary alcohols bearing alkyne moieties were obtained in good to excellent yields (42%-99%) and moderate to good level of enantiomeric excess (up to 87% ee).     

Chiral ytterbium complex-catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol-Tishchenko reaction: synthesis of anti-1,3-diols

The asymmetric aldol-Tishchenko reaction of aromatic aldehydes with aliphatic and aromatic ketones has been developed as an efficient strategy for the synthesis of anti-1,3-diols in good yield with high diastereocontrol and good levels of enantioselectivity. This domino-type reaction is catalyzed by a chiral ytterbium complex that promotes both the aldol reaction through enolization of the carbonyl compound and the Evans-Tishchenko reduction of the aldol intermediate. The stereochemistry of the resulting diols is also investigated and finally proved by using CD techniques.     

不对称diels-Alder反应中的手性催化剂

本文综述了近年来不对称Diels-Alder反应中手性催化剂研究的进展,对各类手性催化剂的性能和特点作了简要介绍.     

苯乙酮酸冰片酯的合成及其诱导不对称Henry反应

在四乙氧基钛催化下,用天然丰产的冰片为手性源与苯乙酮酸乙酯进行酯交换得到含手性基团的苯乙酮酸冰片酯,苯乙酮酸冰片酯在冰片基的立体控制下与硝基甲烷缩合,主要得到2R-2-羟基-2-苯基-3-硝基丙酸冰片酯,用高效液相色谱法分析了诱导不对称Henry缩合反应效果,其e.e.值为56.5%,用IR、1HNMR、13CNMR确...     

Chiral binaphthyl-derived amine-thiourea organocatalyst-promoted asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction

[reaction: see text] A new bifunctional binaphthyl-derived amine thiourea organocatalyst has been developed to promote enantioselective Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction of cyclohexenone with a wide range of aldehydes. The process, catalyzed by the amine thiourea, affords synthetically valuable chiral allylic alcohol building blocks in high yields and high enantioselectivities.     

Recent progress in copper catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction

Henry reaction is one of the most classical reactions to construct synthetically useful product nitro alcohol, which as a privileged skeleton is widely distributed in various pharmaceuticals. This review summarizes the recent progress of copper-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction from 2011 to 2016. The significant progress that has been made in this area will be highlighted and some of challenges that the author believes may be hindering further progress will be revealed.     

Chiral copper-Schiff base catalyst for asymmetric henry reaction

Five copper-Schiff base complexes were synthesized conveniently from copper(II) acetate monohydrate, salicylaldehydes, and amino alcohols. The complexes were shown to be effective as catalysts in the asymmetric Henry reaction affording nitro alkanols in up to 98% yield with moderate and good enantiomeric excess (up to ee 38.6%). Published in Russian in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 1754–1755. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Chiral phosphinooxathiane ligands for catalytic asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction

Chiral cationic palladium[bond]phosphinooxathiane complexes have been found to be effective catalysts for enantioselective Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of cyclopentadiene with acyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones to give the corresponding DA adducts in good yield and high enantioselectivity up to 93% ee.     

接枝于聚薄荷基丙烯醇的手性氨基醇的合成及其对Henry反应的不对称催化作用的研究

一种新型的旋光活性的氨基醇类聚合物被合成出来。以旋光活性聚薄荷基乙烯基酮为原料, 将聚薄荷基乙烯基酮用氢化铝锂还原后得到聚薄荷基丙烯醇(poly-MPO),poly-MPO与氢化钠反应后与环氧氯丙烷反应得到固载环氧丙烷的poly-MPO。将固载环氧丙烷的poly-MPO与各种类型的胺反应得到接枝于聚薄荷基丙烯醇的手性氨基醇(poly-MPO)-APO。将其应用在催化不对称Henry反应中得到了高产率、中等选择性的产物。     

Catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol (Henry) reaction with a zinc-Fam catalyst

Ferrocenyl-substituted aziridinylmethanol (Fam-1) was used as a catalyst with zinc for the asymmetric nitroaldol (Henry) reaction. This catalyst worked with a variety of aldehydes (aromatic, aliphatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated, and heteroaromatic) and alpha-ketoesters to give the nitroaldol product in up to 97% yield and 91% ee. The chiral ligand can be recovered and recycled without losing its activity.     

Carbohydrate-based organocatalysts in direct asymmetric aqueous aldol reaction

Aldol reaction involving chiral amines as organocatalysts through enamine formation, like class-I aldolases, is one of the thriving areas of general interest and widely applicable asymmetric reactions. There are many natural and synthetic chiral templates known to work as efficient organocatalysts, but using carbohydrate templates for chiral induction in asymmetric aldol reactions is a relatively new area developed in the recent years. This review focuses on carbohydrates alone or their conjugates with previously known chiral moieties as organocatalysts for asymmetric aldol reactions.     

Anti-selective direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of thiolactams

An anti-selective direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of thiolactam is described. A soft Lewis acid/hard Br?nsted base cooperative catalyst comprised of mesitylcopper/(R,R)-Ph-BPE exhibited high catalytic performance to produce an anti-aldol product with high stereoselectivity. The highly chemoselective nature of the present catalysis allows for the use of enolizable aldehydes as aldol acceptors. The diverse transformations of the thiolactam moiety highlight the synthetic utility of the present anti-aldol protocol.     

Anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reaction catalyzed by protease

The anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reaction of (hetero) aromatic aldehydes, 4-anisidine and O-protected hydroxyacetones for the synthesis of stereodefined anti-β-amino-α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds was developed. Protease type XIV from Streptomyces griseus (SGP) was used as a biocatalyst in 1,4-dioxane/phosphate buffer under mild reaction conditions. The excellent diastereoselectivities of up to >99:1 (anti/syn) and good enantioselectivities of up to 90% ee were achieved. This method provides a more sustainable complement to chemically catalyzed anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reactions.     

Chiral spiroborate esters catalyzed highly enantioselective direct aldol reaction

Asymmetric catalysis of chiral spiroborate esters with an O₃BN framework toward the direct aldol reaction of acetone and aromatic aldehydes was examined, and a new, efficient chiral catalyst was discovered. In the presence of the novel catalyst, acetone was allowed to react with aromatic aldehydes at 0 °C for 50 h to afford chiral β-hydroxyketone in up to >99% ee and 92% yield. The catalyst, which is readily synthesized, is highly stable to hydrolysis, thermolysis, oxidation, and racemization, can be conveniently recovered.