毛细管电泳-电化学检测法用于生物碱电离常数线性模型的研究

依据毛细管区带电泳的特性,推导出在不同pH条件下,有效淌度的倒数(1/μep)与缓冲溶液中氢离子浓度([H^ ])成线性关系,进而建立了用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定四种生物碱：苯异丙胺、苯丙醇胺、麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱电离常数的线性模型和测定方法,测得的pKa值,与紫外分光光度法测定值及文献值比较,结果令人满意．可望在药物离解常数测定的应用中得到推广．     

亲和毛细管电泳技术及其应用

对近几年新发展起来的亲和毛细管电泳技术（ACE）的原理、分类及方法作了简要介绍,着重介绍了亲和毛细管区带电泳、毛细管亲和凝胶电泳、胶束电动色谱中的亲和电泳、亲和毛细管等电聚焦、亲和探针毛细管电泳等过程和方法。对ACE在分子生物学、生物化学中的应用及该技术在亲和常数测定、核酸片段识别、竞争免疫分析、药物先导化合物的筛选等方面的应用也作了介绍。     

毛细管区带电泳监测牛胰岛素的去折叠过程

用毛细管区带电泳监测了二硫苏糖醇作用下二硫键还原引起的牛胰岛素去折叠全过程,同时用离线的基质辅助激光解吸／电离飞行时间的质谱配合确证。从毛细管电泳谱图能直接观察胰岛素去折叠过程中发生的变化,获得蛋白质去折叠信息。结果表明,毛细管区带电泳作为监测蛋白质构象变化的一种有效手段,方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、样品消耗量少。     

高效毛细管电泳分离测定水中的乙酸和氯代乙酸

用邻苯二甲酸氢钾(pH=5.4)缓冲液作为电泳的背景电解质,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为电渗流抑制剂,用甲基叔丁基醚作为萃取剂处理水样,建立了一种测定水中的乙酸和氯代乙酸的简单灵敏的毛细管区带电泳(紫外检测)法.测定结果表明,分析物的迁移时间和峰面积的日内相对标准偏差分别低于0.33%和4.45%,日间相对标准偏差分别低...     

阿魏酸转化反应速率常数的毛细管电泳测定方法研究

初步确定了阿魏酸自然转化产物的结构 ,并用毛细管电泳测定了转化反应速率常数。在常温下 ,用毛细管区带电泳法直接测定阿魏酸浓度随时间变化的规律 ,并根据HPLC -MS -MS得到的质谱图及紫外光谱图初步确定了转化产物。在23℃ ,阿魏酸转化反应正向和逆向反应速率常数分别为5.194×10 -6s -1、5.360×10 -6s -1。方法简单、灵敏、快速     

毛细管区带电泳法测定3种香豆素的离解常数

采用毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)测定瑞香苷(DN)、瑞香素(DP)和7-羟基香豆素(7-HC)的离解常数(p Ka).通过测试不同酸度条件下各香豆素的迁移时间,以香豆素在电泳中有效淌度和运行液中OH-浓度的关系,推导了毛细管区带电泳-紫外分光光度(CZE-UV)法测定3种香豆素离解常数(p Ka)的线性模型,并建立了这3种香豆素的p Ka测定方法.测得3种香豆素的p Ka值分别是7.43(7-HC)、6.91(DN)和6.86(DP).同时也采用传统方法 -紫外分光光度法对这些物质的p Ka进行测定以验证CZE的可靠性,两种测定结果相一致,说明CZE-UV法用于3种香豆素的离解常数的测定,快速、简便、结果可靠.     

毛细管电泳环糊精添加剂立体选择性差异的研究

对在毛细管区带电泳环糊精子性拆分体系中手性药物妥布特罗的分离机理进行了探讨。分别测定了α、β、γ－环糊精和二甲基,三甲基,羟丙基－β－环糊精与药物对缺体形成包结配合物的稳定常数以及手性拆分过程中的热力学函数的变化,并对数据进行了分析。     

用紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法测定几种植物激素的电离常数

分别采用紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法测定了脱落酸、3-吲哚乙酸、赤霉素、水杨酸等几种植物激素的电离常数,对比分析了两种测试方法的原理、测试步骤和数据处理方法.结果表明,采用两种方法测定的四种样品的电离常数与文献报道值一致,且测量结果的重现性较好;这表明紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法可方便地用于测定有机化合物的电离常数.     

18-冠醚-6包结钾离子的毛细管电泳研究

采用毛细管区带电泳前沿分析和峰漂移分析两种方法，以咪唑—醋酸为缓冲溶液，利用间接紫外检测(A=240nm)，测定了18—冠醚—6对钾离子的包结常数；两种方法得到了比较一致的结果；进一步对这两种方法求解结合常数进行了对比和讨论，总结出各自的适用范围。     

运用pH滴定法测定弱酸的电离常数

运用pH传感器和滴数传感器,采取pH滴定法测定了乙酸的电离常数和草酸的二级电离常数,分析了实验误差以及不宜选用此法测定中强酸的电离常数的原因。     

Vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography of haloacetic acids on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin

A new and simple approach is described for the determination of the haloacetic acids (such as mono-, di- and trichloroacetic acids) usually found in drinking water as chlorination by-products after disinfection processes and acetic acid. The new approach, termed vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography, is based on an ion-exclusion mechanism but using the sample solution as the mobile phase, pure water as the injected sample, and a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin column (TSKgel OApak-A) as the stationary phase. The addition of sulfuric acid to the mobile phase results in highly sensitive conductivity detection with sharp and well-shaped peaks, leading to excellent and efficient separations. The elution order was sulfuric acid, dichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and acetic acid. The separation of these acids depends on their pKa values. Acids with lower pKa values were eluted earlier than those with higher pKa, except for trichloroacetic acid due to a hydrophobic-adsorption effect occurring as a side-effect of vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography. The detection limits of these acids in the present study with conductivity detection were 3.4 microM for monochloroacetic acid, 0.86 microM for dichloroacetic acid and 0.15 microM for trichloroacetic acid.     

Determination of Monochloroacetic Acid and Dichloroacetic Acid for Quality Control of Acetic Acid Chlorination Industry by Ion Chromatography

An ion chromatographic method is described for the purpose of quality control in the process of monochloroacetic acid production. Using 2.5 mM NaOH–10% methanol as eluent, the simultaneous determination of acetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and Cl⁻ was obtained in a single run. Monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid showed good linearity in the range 0.1–20 and 0.15–20 μg/ml and correlation coefficients were 0.9999 and 0.9998, respectively. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio 3:1) of monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid were 17 and 25 ng/ml. This simple, sensitive, and time-saving method can be applied for composition analysis in acetic acid chlorination production.     

熊果酸与齐墩果酸高效液相色谱分离条件优化

描述了熊果酸、齐墩果酸色谱保留行为与流动相pH和有机溶剂体积分数之间的函数关系,并求解了各自模型中的9个参数,得到在流动相中熊果酸的电离常数pKa=4.8145,齐墩果酸电离常数pKa=4.9317。文章还对模型外推过程中存在的误差进行了校正,并运用校正后的模型预测熊果酸的容量因子,实验值接近预测值,误差小于5%。最后采用熊果酸和齐墩果酸的容量因子与流动相pH和有机溶剂组成之间的函数关系,进行了两者在同一流动相中分离条件的优化,获得了最佳的分离条件:流动相中甲醇体积分数为85.2%,pH为6.50。     

双波长分光光度法测定有机弱酸弱碱的解离常数

本文提出了一种测定有机一元弱酸弱碱解离常数的新方法———双波长分光光度法。该方法是在选定的一对工作波长下测定相同浓度不同pH值的有机一元弱酸弱碱水溶液的吸光度,利用所推导的公式作图求得pKa(或pKb)。利用本方法测定了甲基橙、溴甲酚绿、苯酚和苯胺等多种常见的有机一元弱酸弱碱的解离常数,结果十分满意。与传统的单波长分光光度法相比,双波长法测定结果的精密度和准确度更高。     

抗坏血酸在离子液体修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为

利用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMIMBF4)对玻碳电极(GCE)进行修饰,制备了BMI-MBF4/GCE电极.在0.1mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法研究了抗坏血酸在BMIMBF4/GCE电极和裸玻碳电极(GCE)上的电化学行为.结果表明,pH=5.7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液为最佳测定底液,最佳富集时间为120s;BMIMBF4/GCE对抗坏血酸的氧化反应有很好的电化学催化作用.抗坏血酸的氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-4～1.0×10-2 mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相对标准偏差为4.53%(n=5).     

微分脉冲伏安法测定硫酸锌溶液中铊

研究了微分脉冲伏安法测定复杂硫酸锌溶液体系中的铊。讨论了伏安图的形成、测定底液和pH值的选择。结果表明:在醋酸介质(pH=4.5±0.2)中,加入适量EDTA、聚乙二醇6000和抗坏血酸的测定体系,采用微分脉冲伏安法可直接测定铊。方法检出限为1.0×10-8g/L,千倍浓度的8种阳离子共存或单独存在时均不干扰测定。方法用于湿法炼锌中上清、一段净化后液、二段净化后液、电积新液、电积废液中铊的测定,相对标准偏差RSD分别为1.6%,2.5%,3.3%,8.3%,4.9%,铊加标回收率为98.4%～102.2%。方法灵敏、简单、快速,用来测定湿法炼锌各阶段硫酸锌溶液中的铊,结果满意。     

Resolution in capillary electrophoresis with nonaqueous methanol as solvent: theoretical prediction and experimental confirmation.

The resolution of the analytes was predicted from their known pKa* values and actual mobilities in nonaqueous methanolic solutions according to theory taking longitudinal diffusion as the only cause for peak dispersion. This leads to an equation of the resolution as a function of the pH*, as both selectivity and efficiency are dependent on the pH of the buffer. The experimentally obtained resolution values were in acceptable agreement with the predicted theoretical ones in most cases. This was demonstrated for substituted benzoic acids as analytes. The pKa* values needed for the calculation of the resolution were derived from the pH* dependence of the effective mobility. The pH* scale in methanol was based on conventional pKa* values of acetic acid and chloroacetic acid taken from the literature.     

Chiral separation of 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate- and dansyl chloride-derivatized D,L-serine by gamma-cyclodextrin-bonded high-performance liquid chromatography.

When acetate buffer was used in chiral separation of D,L-serine derivatives using a gamma-cyclodextrin (CD) column, both retention factor and resolution were high below the pKa of acetic acid and decreased sharply as the pH approached the pKa. A similar result was obtained by increasing the buffer concentration at a fixed pH. These observations suggest that hydrogen bonding interaction between the carboxylate group of the amino acid and the secondary hydroxyl groups at the CD rim plays an important role in chiral separation and is disrupted by the buffer anion.     

Sequential injection redox or acid-base titration for determination of ascorbic acid or acetic acid

Two sequential injection titration systems with spectrophotometric detection have been developed. The first system for determination of ascorbic acid was based on redox reaction between ascorbic acid and permanganate in an acidic medium and lead to a decrease in color intensity of permanganate, monitored at 525 nm. A linear dependence of peak area obtained with ascorbic acid concentration up to 1200 mg l⁻¹ was achieved. The relative standard deviation for 11 replicate determinations of 400 mg l⁻¹ ascorbic acid was 2.9%. The second system, for acetic acid determination, was based on acid–base titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as an indicator. The decrease in color intensity of the indicator was proportional to the acid content. A linear calibration graph in the range of 2–8% w v⁻¹ of acetic acid with a relative standard deviation of 4.8% (5.0% w v⁻¹ acetic acid, n=11) was obtained. Sample throughputs of 60 h⁻¹ were achieved for both systems. The systems were successfully applied for the assays of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets and acetic acid content in vinegars, respectively.