琥珀酸酯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

以1-十二醇、1-十四醇、1-十六醇、1-十八醇、马来酸酐和乙二醇为主要原料,合成4种琥珀酸酯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂;借助红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对所合成的化合物结构进行了表征。 4种表面活性剂均具有较低的临界胶束浓度,较强的乳化性能以及较好的泡沫性能。 进一步讨论了4种表面活性剂结构与性能的关系。     

不同寡聚度磺酸盐表面活性剂与支化羧酸盐混合体系的聚集行为

采用表面张力、Zeta电位和小角中子散射技术,研究了pH 11条件下2-己基癸酸、异硬脂酸对具有单头单链十二烷基磺酸钠（SDoS）和星状四聚磺酸盐表面活性剂EDA-（C₁₂SO₃Na）₄的气液界面性质、胶束化行为和乳化性能的影响.结果表明,在气液界面和胶束中支化羧酸盐分子与磺酸盐表面活性剂间有不同程度的相互吸引作用,而且在降低表面张力效率方面具有协同作用,但胶束中分子间相互吸引作用更强的四聚磺酸盐表面活性剂混合体系在聚集体形成方面却未表现出协同作用.同时,随着羧酸盐的加入,SDoS和EDA-（C₁₂SO₃Na）₄呈现出不同的聚集体转变规律,羧酸盐与SDoS的混合聚集体随着浓度增大逐渐由球形胶束转变为棒状胶束,而羧酸盐与EDA-（C₁₂SO₃Na）₄的棒状胶束随着羧酸盐摩尔分数的增大而增长,随着总浓度的增大而减小.此外,在同等乳化烷烃的效果下,支化羧酸盐分子的加入可以大幅减少寡聚磺酸盐表面活性剂的使用量.     

生物质腰果酚磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成及其乳化性能

采用发烟硫酸对生物质腰果酚进行磺化,得到腰果酚磺酸盐表面活性剂;利用红外光谱表征了产物的化学结构;分别采用悬滴法和小液滴法测定了腰果酚磺酸盐水溶液的表面张力和润湿性能,采用分水法测定了产物对液体石蜡的乳化性能,同时考察了氯化钠对乳化性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的腰果酚磺酸盐的临界胶束浓度(cmc)及γcmc分别为3.3...     

磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂合成研究进展

磺酸盐型Gimini表面活性剂是一类新型的阴离子表面活性剂,它由联结基团通过化学键将2个或多个单体磺酸盐型表面活性剂连接在一起,由此产生高表界面活性,低临界胶束浓度值,增强了洗涤能力,与传统的阴离子表面活性剂有较好的复配性,奇异的流变特性和良好的抗盐性等一系列的性质,从而具有广泛的应用前景。 本文以原料来源不同分类,综述了一系列磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成方法,展望了合成磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的研究方向。     

木素磺酸盐系表面活性剂

木素磺酸盐是化学制浆废液的主要成分,是一种天然高分子表面活性剂。本文介绍了木素磺酸盐系表面活性剂的结构、性能和应用方面的部分研究结果,通过各种改性方法可以改善木素磺酸盐的表面物化性能和应用性能,进一步提高其附加价值及人们对制浆废液治理与回收的积极性,具有环保和经济双重意义。     

QSPR方法预测阴离子表面活性剂亲水亲油平衡值

首次使用量子化学描述符, 建立了两种阴离子表面活性剂亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值的定量结构性质关系模型(QSPR). 最佳模型1包括四类不同结构的烷基硫酸盐和烷基磺酸盐46种阴离子表面活性剂, 复相关系数R²＝1.000. 又建立了包含聚氧乙烯、乙酸、丙酸和碳氟等特殊类型不同结构的73种阴离子表面活性剂的最佳模型2, 复相关系数 R²＝0.993.     

木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂的研究和应用进展

论述了木质素磺酸盐结构方面的研究、木质素磺酸盐的分离纯化和化学改性制备表面活性剂的方法、木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂应用取得的进展和研究面临的挑战。最后总结认为:进一步加强木质素磺酸盐结构和性能的基础研究,结合界面化学的最新理论成果和现代分析测试手段,通过改性解决木质素磺酸盐的颜色和活性问题,开发可用于日用领域的新型环保的木质素磺酸盐表面活性剂,是木质素磺酸盐这一绿色资源得到高值化利用的一个重要方向,同时木质素磺酸盐在导电高分子等先进材料制备领域具有重大的研究潜力。     

羟基取代的烷基苯磺酸盐在水/气和水/癸烷界面的结构特点（摘要）

驱油表面活性剂的分子设计是一项重要的研究课题.设计新型高效的驱油表面活性剂关键的问题在于如何洞察表面活性剂的结构和功能的关系.长线性烷基苯磺酸盐是一类非常流行的表面活性剂,广泛应用于工业和日常生活中.关于烷基苯磺酸盐的结构和功能研究已有大量的实验和理论工作报道.近来,结合分子设计的思想,实验上合成了新型的羟基取代的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂,并研究了这类新型表面活性剂动态的界面行为.我们从理论上利用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了羟基取代的烷基苯磺酸盐单分子层在水/气和水/癸烷界面的结构特点.从液体密度剖面图、氢键、表面活性剂聚集结构和有序参数等方面,详细报道了2-羟基-3-癸基-5-辛基苯磺酸钠这种新型阴离子表面活性剂的界面特征.模拟结果表明随着表面活性剂分子数目的增加,每个表面活性剂在单分子层上形成分子内氢键的平均数目将下降,但形成分子内氢键的结构仍处于主导地位;烷基尾链的疏水部分,尤其是苯环3号位上取代的癸基随着表面活性剂覆盖度增大,向界面外延伸并且更加有序;二维径向分布函数描绘了表面活性剂聚集结构的特点并暗示了癸烷相将影响表面活性剂疏水部分的取向;表面活性剂分子容易形成长程氢键结构.我们的模拟结果是对实验研究的一个重要补充.此外,模拟中我们利用gromacs和ffamber程序,使用了全原子模型,这将为模拟烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂的界面行为提供新的方案.     

“拟双子”阴离子表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的分子动力学模拟

采用全原子分子动力学模拟方法研究了壬基酚取代的系列烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂在癸烷/水界面的微观聚集行为,通过分析界面厚度、界面生成能和界面张力以及表面活性剂分子与水分子之间的径向分布函数和配位数,讨论了不同磺烷基链长度对壬基酚基取代烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂界面性质的影响.结果表明,磺烷基链长为12时,表面活性剂的界面张力最低,界面厚度和界面生成能最大.     

用梯度热裂解GC/ITD联用技术分析磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂

本文报道应用热裂解气相色谱-离子阱联用系统研究了固体表面活性剂(十二烷基磺酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠)的梯度热裂解产物。结果表明:当热解温度为350～400℃时,表面活性剂磺酸盐中的杂质将以热提的形式除去,裂解温度为600℃时可获得磺酸盐表面活性剂的最佳裂解产物。     

Studies of Interfacial Activities of Four Kinds of Surfactants at Oil/Water Interface

This article aims to compare the interfacial activities of different kinds of surfactants in the same oil/water system. The anionic surfactants of alkylbenzene sulfonates, the polyoxyethylenated nonionic surfactants, the cationic surfactants of alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides, and the zwitterionic surfactants of alkyl hydroxyl sulfobetaines were used, and the interfacial tensions of the surfactant solutions against kerosene at different NaCl concentrations were measured. It is found that the interfacial activities of the alkylbenzene sulfonates are high and ultralow interfacial tensions (<0.01 mN/m) can be obtained at proper salinities. While, the nonionic surfactants have relatively low interfacial activities and the minimum tensions are around 0.01 mN/ms. The salinity scanning curves of the alkylbenzene sulfonates and nonionic surfactants decrease first, then increase, showing their interfacial activities can be changed by the salinity effectively. The cationic and zwitterionic surfactants have very low interfacial activities, of which all the tensions are higher than 0.1 mN/ms and are hard to be changed by the salinity. The experimental results may have important reference values for enhanced oil recovery.     

Study on synthesis and performance of lignin polyether sulfonate surfactants for enhanced oil recovery

Lignin polyether sulfonate surfactants with lipophilic groups of different polymerization degree were synthesized and the dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) between solutions of these surfactants prepared with brine and two kinds of oil from Daqing and Huabei Oilfields were measured, respectively. The results showed that the surfactants were effective to lower the IFT between brine and the two kinds of oil. The structures of synthesized surfactants were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The contents and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values of lignin polyether sulfonates were studied to evaluate the basic physicochemical properties of synthesized surfactants.     

Effect of Alkanolamide on Interfacial Tension and Loss of Petroleum Sulfonates for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Experimental studies are conducted in order to elucidate the mechanisms of monoethanolamide responsible for synergism on lowering interfacial tension and decreasing loss due to adsorption on surface of reservoir sand and precipitation with multivalent cations in model oil/water/surfactants/brine systems. The interfacial tensions between solutions containing crude oil and monoethanolamide, petroleum sulfonates, or mixture of monoethanolamide and petroleum sulfonates at different ratios are studied without any alkali added in the solution. The results show significant synergic effect between monoethanolamide and petroleum sulfonates can reduce the interfacial tension to ultralow. Adsorption isotherms of monoethanolamide, petroleum sulfonates and mixture solution are determined to assess the effect of monoethanolamide on reducing the loss of petroleum sulfonates in formation. Static adsorption experiments indicate that the loss of petroleum sulfonates for adsorption and precipitation can be reduced on a great degree when monoethanolamide is mixed with petroleum sulfonates. The core-flooding tests show that the enhanced oil recovery with the formulation of surfactants of 0.3 wt% petroleum sulfonates and 0.2 wt% monoethanolamide can be increased by 26.6% without any alkali added in the flooding solution.     

基于广义阴阳表面活性剂体系对不同黏度区间原油的普适性降黏作用

采用脂肪酸-脂肪胺混合的广义阴阳体系,分别通过水相引入与油相引入两种方式对黏度分布在0.05-155 Pa?s范围内的4种原油进行乳化降黏。针对不同地区原油的组成特点与黏度成因,调整复配体系中脂肪酸-脂肪胺的分子结构,采用不同手段构筑乳状液:对于黏度较低的普通稠油,采用水相引入脂肪酸-脂肪胺复配体系的方法;而对于胶质、沥青质含量极高的超稠油,采用油相引入脂肪酸-脂肪胺复配体系黏的方法。两种方法的降黏率均达到95%-99%,获得较为理想的降黏效果。     

结构及助剂对十五烷基芳基磺酸盐吸附性能的影响

在45 ℃下,采用两相滴定法测定了4种自制高纯度十五烷基芳基磺酸盐在油砂上的吸附等温线。 分别考察了表面活性剂浓度、NaCl、NaOH、NaHCO3、正丁醇浓度及分子结构对表观吸附量的影响。 结果表明,随着磺酸盐浓度的增大,吸附量先增大后有所降低。 NaCl和NaOH的加入使吸附量增大,NaHCO3及正丁醇的加入使吸附量降低,且随着芳基位置向长烷基链中间的移动,吸附量降低,受助剂的影响变小。     

Analysis of enhanced oil recovery formulations

Summary Methods for the determination of low levels of surfactants in produced oil field brines have been developed. Alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS) and alkylether sulfates can be quantified at very low levels by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mobile-phase ion chromatography (MPIC), respectively. These methods proved to be rapid, selective, and gave results in excellent agreement with traditional low-phase titration techniques. Although this paper records the use of these methods for analysis of oil field produced fluids, they should be easily adaptable to other situations wherein the analysis of these two classes of surfactants is required.     

Experimental Study of the Effect of Strong Alkali on Lowering the Interfacial Tension of Oil/Heavy Alkylbenzene Sulfonates System

Experimental studies were conducted to explore the fundamental mechanisms of alkali to lower the interfacial tension of oil/heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates (HABS) system. Sodium hydroxide was used as the strong alkali chemical to investigate the interfacial tension (IFT) of oil/HABS system. The influences of salt and alkali on the interfacial activity were studied by the measurement of interfacial tension and partition coefficient. Moreover, the alkali/surfactant solutions were measured by dynamic laser scattering. The results showed that compared with the salt, the function of alkali to lower the interfacial tension and improve partition coefficient is more significant. The micelles formed by surfactants could be disaggregated because of adding alkali, so the size of micelles decreases and the number of mono‐surfactants increases, then more surfactant molecules move to the interface of oil/surfactant system and the adsorption of surfactants at oil‐water interfaces increases, which can lead to the decrease of IFT.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of four typical surfactants at oil/water interface

In the present study, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the microscopic behaviors of the anionic, nonionic, zwitterion, and gemini surfactants at oil/water interface. The abilities of reducing the interfacial tension and forming the stable interfacial film of the four surfactants have been investigated through evaluating interfacial thickness, interface formation energy and radial distribution function. The results show that the four kinds of surfactants can form in stable oil/water interface of monolayer, and the gemini surfactant can form the more stable monolayer. The results of the above three parameters demonstrate that the gemini surfactant has the best simulation effect in the four surfactants. From the calculated interfacial tension values, the gemini surfactant possess the more powerful ability of reducing the interfacial tension than others, so it is more suitable to be used as the surfactant for flooding. In addition, the effects of different electric field intensities on surfactants were calculated, through the radial distribution function of the hydrophilic group in the surfactant and the oxygen atom in the water. We have found that the adding of the periodic electric field can significantly affect the diffusion behavior of the molecules, and nonionic surfactant has stronger demulsification capability than others.     

Miscibility in systems containing aqueous solutions of various alkylbenzenesulfonates, toluene and, n-butanol

Miscibility relationships in four-component systems containing sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, toluene, n-butanol, and water were studied at 25°C in the hope of clarifying the complex systems used in the “micellar flood” enhanced oil recovery process. Phase boundary curves for the pseudo three-component systems (constant sulfonate/water ratios, 2.5 moles sulfonate per kg water) were determined. The sulfonates included those of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, mesitylene, cymene, methyl-t-butylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzene, in all of which the alkyl substituents are smaller than in the usual surfactants. The phase boundary curves have similar and fairly symmetrical shapes. The amount of n-butanol (cosolvent) required to produce miscibility decreases with increasing number of alkyl carbons on the benzene ring of the sulfonates and seems relatively independent of the isomeric structure. The sodium salt of diisopropylbenzenesulfonate gives the lowest phase boundary curve (least n-butanol required for miscibility) among the nine sulfonates studied.